Thrasorinae, Kovalev, 1994

Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020), No. 1, pp. 1-69 : 64-65

Thrasorinae

Figs. 280–285

The majority of genera that have been previously treated by Ronquist (1994, 1999) as ‘figitoid inquilines’ are now members of this small subfamily. All members of this group are associated with galls; however, the species are from various regions, and in some cases, details of their biology is unknown. In most cases, very few specimens of these species are in collections. The outlier here is Myrtopsen , which can readily be reared from tanaostigmatids on Fabaceae in the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. Phylogenetically, the group

is relatively plesiomorphic within Figitidae and forms a grade along with Euceroptrinae and Plectocynipinae (Buffington et al. 2007) .

Biology. In most cases, unknown but presumably associated with galls. Myrtopsen is a primary parasitoid of Tanaostigmatidae (Chalcidoidea) on Malvaceae and Fabaceae (Buffington et al. 2012) .

Distribution.Fragmented: Nearctic Region ( Myrtopsen ); Neotropical Region ( Myrtopsen , Scutimica ); Austral-Asian Region ( Thrasorus , Palmiriella , Cicatrix ).

Relevant literature. Paretas-Martinez et al. (2011) investigated Australian thrasorines; Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar (2009b) revised Myrtopsen . Ros-Farré and Pujade-Villar 2007) described Scutimica . Ronquist (1999) discussed the so-called figitoid inquilines. Buffington et al. (2007, 2012) investigated the phylogeny of the group.

Classification.

Thrasorinae Kovalev, 1994

Cicatrix Paretas-Martinez, 2011 ; 3 species AU

Myrtopsen Rübsaamen, 1908 ; 12 species NT, NA, ePA Palmiriella Pujade-Villar and Paretas-Martinez, 2011 ; 1 species AU

Scutimica Ros-Farré, 2007 ; 2 species AU

Thrasorus Weld, 1944 ; 3 species AU