Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb.f.) Reichenbach (1852: 547)

Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), Phytotaxa 597 (2), pp. 87-110 : 95-96

Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb.f.) Reichenbach (1852: 547) , Pearce & Cribb (2002: 268), Liu et al. (2006: 195), Puy & Cribb (2007: 283), Chen et al. (2009: 276), Zhou et al. (2016: 40), Ormerod et al. (2021: 84) . ( Figs. 3 G–I )

≡ Maxillaria goeringii Reichenbach (1845: 334) . Type : — JAPAN. Göring s.n. (holotype W, Herb. No. 45003) .

Ecology and phenology:—Terrestrial rosulate herb. Primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved, mixed, and coniferous forests on rocky limestone. Very rare. Flowers in November–December.

Distribution:— VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province (Quan Ba District). Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, China, Korea, Japan.

Conservation status:—Available data on this species occurrence in Vietnam are very scarce. They give a tentative supposition on one or two close locations in a densely populated and highly deforested area. Considering extensive plant collecting and very high market demands, this species may be estimated as nationally Critically Endangered (CR). Formally, according to the Red List IUCN (2022) criteria, it currently meets in Vietnam the following conditions: A2ac; B1a,b,c(i-iii,v)+2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i,ii); D1; observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generation ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a), observed decline of the area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and habitat quality (b), and actual levels of exploitation (c); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1) and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50 and % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = 90–100% (C2(ii)); the number of mature individuals <50 (D).

Notes:—Some Vietnamese plants differ from the type in their rigid, dark green linear leaves, somewhat longer scapes, and thick-textured, greenish flowers. On these characters, they fit with form, which sometimes is recognized as a separate variety, C. goeringii var. serratum (Schltr.) Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen (1980: 300) , or species, C. serratum Schleichter (1919: 73) . Type: — CHINA. Guizhou, Esquiril, s.n. (holotype B, destroyed). This ornamental plant has a high demand in the market for wild-collected plants. However, it is difficult to cultivate in a warm tropical climate, and most attempts to grow at low elevations in Vietnam are unsuccessful.

Studied specimen:— VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province, street market (also found in Lai Chou province), October 2022, Nguyen Van Canh, herbarium prepared on 25 November 2022, Nguyen Van Canh, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 1697 ( LE01170149 https://herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=162849) . VIETNAM, photo of the wild collected plant originated from Ha Giang Province, Quan Ba District, street market in November 2022 and cultivated in private Mr. Loc Bao Sang garden in Di Linh Town (Lam Dong Province), photo made on 2 December 2022 by L. Averyanov, N.V. Canh, T.B. Vuong, T. Maisak, AL 1901 (photo LE01123717 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&ea=new) . VIETNAM, Ha Giang Province, Quan Bạ District, inflorescence 1-flowered, flowers with a light sweet scent, 1 January 2023, Truong Ba Vuong, BV 1670 (photos LE01123803 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=163454) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf. A. Flowering plant in nature (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 9607). B, C. Intact flowers. Frontal and half-side view (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 10262). Cymbidium cochleare Lind. D. Flowering plant in nature.E. Portion and inflorescence. F. Intact flower, side view (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 9950). C. goeringii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. G. Flowering plant in cultivation. H. Intact flower, frontal view. I. Details of column and lip, frontal view (specimen L. Averyanov et al., AL 1901). All photos by L. Averyanov, with photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.