Cymbidieae, Pfitzer, 1887

Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Truong, Ba Vuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Maisak, Tatiana V., Doan, Nga Thi, Nguyen, Tuan Hoang, Pham, Van The, Dat, Pham Thi Thanh, Thai, Tran Huy, Nguyen, Van Khuong & Trinh, Ngoc Bon, 2023, New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae), Phytotaxa 597 (2), pp. 87-110 : 93-95

Tribe Cymbidieae

Cymbidium cochleare Lindley (1858: 28) , Pearce & Cribb (2002: 265, pl. 8), Liu et al. (2006: 149), Puy & Cribb (2007: 175), Chen et al. (2009: 272), Zhou et al. (2016: 38), Ormerod et al. (2021: 82). Type: — INDIA. Sikkim, Hooker 235 (holotype K000852995, isotype K000838851). ( Figs. 3 D–F )

Ecology and phenology:—Clustering epiphyte on mossy trees. Primary evergreen broad-leaved humid montane forests on sandstone at an elevations of 1500–1800 m a.s.l. Very rare. Flowers in October–December.

Distribution:— VIETNAM, provinces Lai Chau (Sin Ho District), and Lam Dong (Lac Duong District). Bhutan, NE India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China.

Conservation status:—The national record of this species is based on a single herbarium specimen collected almost twenty years ago in the north-west and on a few cultivated plants collected recently in southern Vietnam. According to the formal criteria of the Red List IUCN (2022), based on scarcely available data, it may be assessed nationally as Critically Endangered (CR), meeting in Vietnam the following conditions: A2a,c; B1a,b(i-iii,v)+2a,b(i-iii,v); C1+2(i,ii); D1; observed population reduction for 10 years or 3 generation ≥ 80% are not reversible (A2), based on direct observation (a), observed decline of the area of occupancy, and extent of occurrence and habitat quality (b); the area of occurrence <100 km ² (B1) and the area of occupancy <10 km ² (B2), with 1 known population (a) and continuing observed decline of extent of occurrence (bi); the area of occupancy (bii); area, quality of habitat (biii); the number of mature individuals (bv); the number of mature individuals <250, observed, estimated or projected continuing decline in 25% in 3 years or 1 generation (C1), and observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline when the number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (C2(i)) ≤ 50 and % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = 90–100% (C2(ii)); the number of mature individuals <50 (D).

Notes:—A series of publications ( Liu et al. 2006, Puy & Cribb 2007, Chen et al. 2009, Zhou et al. 2016, Ormerod et al. 2021) declare the occurrence of this species in Vietnam without citing any specimens from the country’s territory. Here we report this rare species based on the only verified herbarium collection known up to now.

Studied specimen:— VIETNAM, Lai Chau Province, Sin Ho District, Ma Quai Municipality, Tua Vang mountain ridge, around point 22°24´01´´N 103°22´22´´E, broad-leaved evergreen closed wet primary forest on steep mountain slopes composed with sandstone at an elevation of 1500–1650 m a.s.l., clustering epiphyte on mossy trees on a shady mossy rocky slope, flowers light yellowish, rare, 18 November 2006, Nguyen Tien Hiep, L. Averyanov, Pham Van The, HAL 9950 ( LE01059752 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=11524, photos LE01088255 https://en.herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&id=46887) . VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong District, Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, humid evergreen broad-leaved mountain forest at an elevation of 1600–1800 m a.s.l., plant cultivated in Lam Dong Province near Ta Nung Pass , photo made on February 2022, Nguyen Van Canh, s.n. ( LE01123801 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=163346) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf. A. Flowering plant in nature (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 9607). B, C. Intact flowers. Frontal and half-side view (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 10262). Cymbidium cochleare Lind. D. Flowering plant in nature.E. Portion and inflorescence. F. Intact flower, side view (specimen H.T. Nguyen et al., HAL 9950). C. goeringii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. G. Flowering plant in cultivation. H. Intact flower, frontal view. I. Details of column and lip, frontal view (specimen L. Averyanov et al., AL 1901). All photos by L. Averyanov, with photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.