Paratemnoides trisulcus Hou, Zhao & Zhang, 2024

Hou, Yanmeng, Zhao, Lingchen & Zhang, Feng, 2024, Five new species of the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 124585-e 124585 : e124585-

Paratemnoides trisulcus Hou, Zhao & Zhang sp. nov.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: AF8FFA93-0F5C-5E0F-B7EE-C3A02A2B0772; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides trisulcus ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; county: Huanjiang; verbatimElevation: 225 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24 ° 49.675 ′ N, 108 ° 16.455 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 3; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-GXHJ 19080301

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 3; sex: 3 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: A2C74D4B-6545-5B09-AD15-E31C4F76EB3C; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides trisulcus ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; county: Huanjiang; verbatimElevation: 225 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24 ° 49.675 ′ N, 108 ° 16.455 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 3; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-GXHJ 19080302–04

Description

Male (holotype) (Fig. 10 A, Fig. 11 A – D, F – I, Fig. 12 A – C, E, G – I, K and M – N). Colour: anterior half of carapace brown, but paler in posterior half; pedipalps reddish-brown; remainder yellowish-brown.

Carapace (Figs 11 , 12 A): 1.34 × longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half slightly darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 67 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 12 B – C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four large retrorse teeth and two small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe; galea present, slender and with five small terminal dentations (Fig. 12 C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 21 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 12 E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 11 B, D, G, Fig. 12 G and H): stout, trochanter 1.53 ×, femur 2.39 ×, patella 1.76 ×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.83 × (2.64 ×), hand without pedicel 1.49 × longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.72 × longer than hand without pedicel and 0.43 × (0.46 ×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur, patella and base of chelal fingers granular; trochanter with two well-developed rounded tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly distal to est and proximal to it; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb slightly closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 12 H). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 38 teeth; movable chelal finger with 46 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 12 H). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 11 B and Fig. 12 H).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I – V and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 8: 9: 10: 14: 13: 7–7: 7–7: 6–7: 7–7: 6–6 (4 T): 10 (2 T). All sternites divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 6–4: 7–7: 7–6: 7–8: 7–7: 7–7: 6–5 (4 T): 12 (4 T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with three or five setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 11 F, Fig. 12 K and M) well-developed: lateral apodemes (a) relatively well-developed, with a distinctive inner ridge curved into semicircle; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminated in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a dark sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) with a projection midway along its length; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 11 C, H – I, Fig. 12 I and N): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.61 × longer than deep; tibia 3.17 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.36 × longer than deep (TS = 0.14); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 10 B, Fig. 11 E, Fig. 12 J and L): Mostly same as the male, but a little darker. Carapace: 1.04–1.12 × longer than broad; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 69 in total. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with five branchlets; serrula exterior with 20 blades, the basal one longest; rallum composed of four blades, the distal three dentated anteriorly. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.35–1.43, femur 2.17–2.20, patella 1.79, chela (with pedicel) 2.60–2.61, chela (without pedicel) 2.43–2.44, hand (without pedicel) 1.38–1.42 × longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.67–0.68 × longer than hand without pedicel; fixed chelal finger with 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 48 teeth. Opisthosoma: tergites I – IV and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 10: 10: 10: 13: 6–7: 7–7: 6–8: 8–7: 7–7: 6–7 (4 T): 12 (2 T). Sternites incompletely divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 5–5: 8–8: 8–8: 8–7: 8–8: 8–7: 6–7 (4 T): 9 (4 T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.49–2.56 × longer than deep; tibia 3.05–3.10 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.00–3.15 × longer than deep (TS = 0.12).

Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male (females in parentheses): body length 3.47 (2.87–3.65). Carapace 0.98 / 0.73 (1.00–1.03 / 0.92 – 0.96). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.46 / 0.30 (3.20–3.30 / 0.92 – 0.96), femur 0.79 / 0.33 (0.77–0.78 / 0.35 – 0.36), patella 0.72 / 0.41 (0.75 / 0.42), chela (with pedicel) 1.33 / 0.47 (1.41–1.43 / 0.54 – 0.55), chela (without pedicel) 1.24 (1.31–1.34), hand (with pedicel) 0.88 (0.66–0.69), hand (without pedicel) 0.79 (0.75–0.78), movable finger length 0.57 (0.58). Leg I: trochanter 0.17 / 0.16 (0.17–0.18 / 0.16), femur 0.27 / 0.21 (0.27–0.28 / 0.22 – 0.23), patella 0.46 / 0.20 (0.45–0.46 / 0.20 – 0.22), tibia 0.42 / 0.14 (0.42–0.43 / 0.14 – 0.15), tarsus 0.31 / 0.09 (0.32–0.33 / 0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.31 / 0.18 (0.32–0.33 / 0.18 – 0.20), femoropatella 0.81 / 0.31 (0.82–0.87 / 0.32 – 0.35), tibia 0.57 / 0.18 (0.61–0.62 / 0.20), tarsus 0.37 / 0.11 (0.39–0.41 / 0.13).

Diagnosis

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): carapace with two distinct eyespots; palpal femur 2.39 (♂), 2.17–2.20 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.83 (♂), 2.60–2.61 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.64 (♂), 2.43–2.44 (♀) × longer than broad; retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; female rallum with three dentated blades; male genitalia: distal part lateral apodemes (a) well-developed.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective trisulcus (- a, - um), meaning trifurcate and referring to the characters of rallum (♀) with three dentate blades.

Distribution

China (Guangxi) (Fig. 16 ).

Taxon discussion

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. is similar to P. politus sp. nov., but differs by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 1.94–2.00 × longer than broad).

Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (9 vs. 6), the trait of rallum (♀) (rallum with three dentated blades vs. with one dentated blade only) and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad; palpal patella 1.76 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad); from P. borneoensis by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and the slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. palpal femur length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.68 mm; palpal patella 1.79 × vs. 2.10 × longer than broad, length 0.75 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 23), the arrangement of trichobothria (e. g. distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. shorter than that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.19 × longer than broad, length 1.33 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. guangdongensis sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad); from P. indicus by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 3.47 mm vs. 4.02 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.17–2.20 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad, length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.72 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 18) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal patella 1.76 × vs. 1.90 × longer than broad); from P. laosanus by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 1.97 × longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.64 × vs. 2.20–2.30 × longer than broad); from P. mahnerti by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 19), relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t), the number of setae on the carapace (67 vs. 40), larger body size (♂) (e. g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.02 mm) and stouter pedipalps (♀) (e. g., palpal femur 2.17–2.20 × vs. 2.29 × longer than broad, length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.90 mm; chela with pedicel 2.60–2.61 × vs. 2.90 × longer than broad, length 1.41–1.43 mm vs. 1.62 mm; chela without pedicel 2.43–2.44 × vs. 2.64 × longer than broad, length 1.31–1.34 mm vs. 1.48 mm); from P. pallidus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 25), smaller body size and slender chela (♀) (e. g. body length 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 4.30 mm; chela with pedicel 2.60–2.61 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad); from P. parvus sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.54–2.66 × longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (46 vs. 41–42); from P. philippinus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. without eyespots), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and slender appendages (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad; femoropatella of leg IV 2.61 × vs. 2.30 × longer than deep); from P. plebejus by the trait of rallum (♂ ♀) (rallum with three dentated blades vs. with one dentated blade only), stouter pedipalps (♂ ♀) (e. g. palpal femur (♂) 2.39 ×, (♀) 2.17–2.20 × vs. (♂) 2.11 ×, (♀) 2.00 × longer than broad) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. body length 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.77–0.78 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.58 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. redikorzevi by slightly larger body size and slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 2.10–2.30 × longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.64 × vs. 2.30–2.40 × longer than broad); from P. robustus by smaller body length (e. g. body length (♂) 3.47 mm vs. 3.80 mm, (♀) 2.87–3.65 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) 2.39 × vs. 2.28 × longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.57 mm vs. 0.66 mm) and stouter leg IV (♂) (e. g. femoropatella 2.61 × vs. 2.40 × longer than deep; tibia 3.17 × vs. 3.30 × longer than deep) and the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 23), slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 2.10 × longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad); from P. sinensis by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal patella 1.76 × vs. 1.90 × longer than broad; chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.40–2.50 × longer than broad) and the arrangement of trichobothria (distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. nearly equal to that of ist and isb); from P. sumatranus by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and larger body size (♂) (e. g. body length 3.47 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur 2.39 × vs. 2.26 × longer than broad, length 0.79 mm vs. 0.61 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.57 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.83 × vs. 2.63–2.64 × longer than broad) and relative position of trichobothria t and it (t basal to it vs. distal to it) ( With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935 a, Beier 1935 b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Figures

Figure 10. Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 11. Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov., holotype male (A – D, F – I), paratype female (E) A carapace (dorsal view); B right chelal fingers (lateral view); C tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); D right pedipalp (dorsal view); E female genital area (ventral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G right chela (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (A, D – I); 0.10 mm (B, C).

Figure 12. Paratemnoides trisulcus sp. nov., holotype male (A – C, E, G – I, K, M, N), paratype female (D, F, J, L) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E male rallum; F female rallum; G right pedipalp (dorsal view); H right chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; I left leg I (lateral view); J female genital area (ventral view); K male genital area (ventral view); L spermatheca; M male genital organ; N left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (G, I – K, N); 0.10 mm (A – F, H, L, M).

Figure 16. Type localities of Paratemnoides species in China.