Lachnophorini LeConte, 1853
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:86F76056-3B8B-49FB-9C86-FAD0DB0CBE8C |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23E80A2F-E3E9-527C-8E63-C399A87A3BA7 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Lachnophorini LeConte, 1853 |
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Lachnophorini LeConte, 1853: 370
Anchonoderides Lacordaire, 1854: 373
Eucaeri LeConte, 1861: 22
Egini G. Horn, 1881: 152
Diagnosis.
Body form ranges from Agonum -like in Anchonoderus Reiche adults ( Fig. 52 View Figure 49–52 ) to ant-like in those of Ega Laporte de Castelnau ( Fig. 56 View Figure 56 ), Selina Motschulsky ( Fig. 20 View Figure 19–22 ), and Stenocheila Laporte de Castelnau ( Fig. 21 View Figure 19–22 ). Mandibles are markedly falciform (subfalciform in Anchonoderus ). Subgena with patch of setae ventrad the eye, or entire venter of head with sparse short vestiture (except in Amphithasus, Aporesthus, Diplacanthogaster , Guatemalteca , Homethes , Lachnaces , and Quammenis ); antennomeres 2 and 3 fully setose (except in Aporesthus, Diplacanthogaster, Guatemalteca , Homethes , and Quammenis ); apical palpomeres inflated or fusiform; apical labial palpomere with short setae (except in Anchonoderus , Aporesthus , Guatemalteca , Homethes , Peruphorticus , and Pseudophorticus ); elytra obliquely truncate (and deeply sinuate in Aeolodermus , Quammenis , and Stenocheila ); abdominal sterna with scattered setae (except in Aporesthus , Diplacanthogaster , and Quammenis ); spermatheca bipartite, or derivable from a bipartite ground plan (cf. Liebherr 1988), but not yet checked in several genera. We note that the mentum is toothed or not in adults of lachnophorine genera; we have not used that here, but LSZ will do so in an upcoming phylogenetic study of the tribe.
Notes.
We have arrayed the lachnophorine genera in two subtribes based on vestiture and body form: Eucaerina LeConte contains Amphithasus , Aporesthus , Asklepia , Eucaerus , Guatemalteca , and Lachnaces , all of which have adults with little, or no general setation and except for Amphithasus are of planate body form; and Lachnophorina LeConte contains Anchonoderus , Calybe , Ega , Euphorticus , Lachnophorus , Pseudophorticus , Peruphorticus , and Selina , adults of which are richly invested with setae and/or pubescence and of a medium to markedly convex body form. Given that Selina is the only Eastern Hemisphere taxon in this group, its adult similarity to Ega adults may be convergence.
We note that Amphithasus is somewhat “forced” into the Eucaerina herein provisionally until such time that a major phylogenetic analysis can be undertaken either by a detailed morphological analysis, a molecular analysis, or desirably both. Attributes of the rarely collected adults of this genus are sufficiently distinctive that they may deserve a subtribe of their own (and that subtribe may also include three undescribed genera of which we have only six specimens and are reluctant to describe at present - one of these, with three species, has evolved somewhat parallel to the members of Rhadine LeConte, 1848, a platynine genus). In regard to Quammenis , we believe it to be closely associated with Diplacanthogaster Liebke, 1932 and Stenocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1832 of South America; and if so, then both Homethes Newman, 1842 and Aeolodermus Andrewes, 1929 of the Old World need to be reconsidered because adults of Aeolodermus have much in common with adults of Quammenis . For the present, we treat these five genera as incertae sedis within the Lachnophorini .
References.
Andrewes (1929), Ball and Hilchie (1983), Ball and Bousquet (2000), Bousquet (2012), Chaudoir (1872), Darlington (1956), Erwin (1991, 2000, 2004), Erwin et al. (2012), Liebke (1932, 1938), Jeannel (1948), Liebherr (1983, 1988, 1990), Louwerens (1952), Reichardt (1967, 1974).
Key to the genera of the Lachnophorini
| 1 | Specimens from Australia, the Malay Archipelago, and/or the Philippines | 17 |
| 1' | Specimens from Africa, Vietnam, and the Indian subcontinent (Habitus, Fig. 20 View Figure 19–22 ) | Selina Motschulsky, 1858 |
| 1 ’’ | Specimens from the Western Hemisphere | 2 |
| 2(1 ’’) | Antennomeres 3 and 4 markedly elongate, length more than combined length of scape and pedicel combined and testaceous, antennomeres 5-11 markedly broad, flattened, and black (Habitus, Fig. 21 View Figure 19–22 ) | Stenocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1832 |
| 2' | Antennomeres 3 and 4 moderately elongate or not, length coequal to, or less than combined length of scape and pedicel, antennomeres 5-11 not broadened, cylindrical and color various | 3 |
| 3(2') | Pronotum with transverse rugae on disc and laterally with a setiferous dentiform projection; elytron with sutural apex obliquely truncate (Habitus, Fig. 8 View Figure 7–10 ) | Diplacanthogaster Liebke, 1932 |
| 3' | Pronotum without transverse rugae on disc, or if so then laterally without a setiferous tooth; elytron with sutural apex rounded or acute | 4 |
| 4(3') | Elytron with 3 large ocellate fossae; apex deeply sinuate. Dorsal surface matte metallic green, fovea purple. Head and pronotum with numerous micro-rugosities (Habitus, Fig. 22 View Figure 19–22 ) | Quammenis Erwin, 2000 |
| 4' | Elytron without ocellate fossae; apex obliquely truncate. Dorsal surface not green. Head and pronotum not rugose, but may be densely punctate | 5 |
| 5(4') | Elytron glabrous, with few fixed setae | 6 |
| 5' | Elytron pubescent or densely setigerous | 9 |
| 6 (5) | Elytron with dorsal surface dull or shiny - no trace of iridescence | 7 |
| 6' | Elytron with dorsal surface moderately to markedly iridescent | 14 |
| 7(6) | Form robust and convex. Elytral interneurs striate, or striatopunctate. Ultimate labial palpomere glabrous, fusiform, pointed, not acuminate (Habitus, Fig. 4 View Figure 3–6 ) | Amphithasus Bates, 1871 |
| 7' | Form planate. Elytral interneurs punctate, punctures without connecting striae | 8 |
| 8(7') | Elytron bicolored, Pattern with dark pattern. Interneurs of discontinuous punctures, shallowly impressed; punctures slightly more impressed in basal and apical third of elytron. Ultimate labial palpomere pubescent, globose, subulate. Abdomen finely setose (Habitus, Figs 29 View Figures 29–32 - 56 View Figure 56 ) | Asklepia Liebke, 1938 |
| 8' | Elytron concolorous, black or infuscated, or with paler sutural interval. Interneurs of continuous punctures to apex, markedly impressed, “appearing” striatopunctate but fine punctures not connected with striations. Palpomeres fusiform, glabrous. Abdomen with only fixed ambulatory setae (Habitus, Fig. 6 View Figure 3–6 ) | Aporesthus Bates, 1871 |
| 9(5') | Pronotal disc with scattered supplemental robust black setae | 10 |
| 9' | Pronotal disc without supplemental robust setae (Habitus, Fig. 5 View Figure 3–6 ) | Anchonoderus Reiche, 1843 |
| 10(9) | Elytron with deep transverse depression across basal third; pronotum cylindrical with barely developed lateral bead | 11 |
| 10 ' | Elytron without transverse depression, but disc may be broadly fossate at basal third | 12 |
| 11(10) | Neck markedly constricted, narrower than dorsal diameter of eye from a dorsal aspect. Pronotum and head smooth and glabrous with few fixed setae, surface shiny and smooth (Habitus, Fig. 9 View Figure 7–10 ) | Ega Laporte de Castelnau, 1835 |
| 11' | Neck not much constricted, broader than dorsal diameter of eye from a dorsal aspect. Pronotum and head pubescent, surface dull (Habitus, Fig. 7 View Figure 7–10 ) | Calybe Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 |
| 12(10') | Head and pronotum multipunctate, these markedly impressed and dense. Elytron with interneurs striatopunctate, rows of punctures markedly impressed, and with three shallow fossae in third interval (Habitus, Fig. 16 View Figure 15–18 ) | Peruphorticus Erwin & Zamorano, gen. n |
| 12' | Head and pronotum smooth, with scattered punctures or densely pubescent; intervals with fossae or not | 13 |
| 13(12') | Ultimate palpomeres fusiform, pointed ( Fig. 28 View Figures 23–28 ), not acuminate or subulate. Pronotum surface densely pubescent, feebly rugose and punctate (Habitus, Fig. 19 View Figure 19–22 ) | Pseudophorticus Erwin, 2004 |
| 13' | Ultimate labial palpomeres basally globose, apically acuminate or subulate. Pronotum smooth, surface densely and finely pubescent, or with scattered long setae | 16 |
| 14(6') | Pronotum broad, rectangulate, apical and basal margin as wide as base of elytron, lateral margins slightly rounded. Maxillary palpus elongate, basal palpomere slim, longer than scape ( Fig. 26 View Figures 23–28 ). Ultimate labial palpomere acuminate (Habitus, Fig. 14 View Figure 11–14 ) | Lachnaces Bates, 1872 |
| 14' | Pronotum narrowed at the base, more or less trapezoidal. Maxillary palpus not elongate, basal palpomere robust, about coequal in length with scape. Ultimate labial palpomere fusiform or subulate | 15 |
| 15(14') | Pronotum surface iridescent and smooth. Ultimate labial palpomere fusiform ( Fig. 25 View Figures 23–28 ) (Habitus, Fig. 12 View Figure 11–14 ) | Guatemalteca Erwin, 2004 |
| 15' | Pronotum surface with numerous micro-punctures densely distributed; dull. Ultimate labial palpomere globose, subulate ( Fig. 23 View Figures 23–28 ) (Habitus, Fig. 10 View Figure 7–10 ) | Eucaerus LeConte, 1853 |
| 16(13') | Elytron with three fossae, basal fossa larger and spread across interneurs 2 and 3, mid and apical fossae centered on interneur 2. Ultimate labial palpomere subulate ( Fig. 27 View Figures 23–28 ) (Habitus, Fig. 15 View Figure 15–18 ) | Lachnophorus Dejean, 1831 |
| 16' | Elytron without fossae. Ultimate labial palpomere acuminate ( Fig. 24 View Figures 23–28 ) (Habitus, Fig. 11 View Figure 11–14 ) | Euphorticus Horn, 1881 |
| 17(1) | Abdominal sterna and dorsal surface of tarsomeres glabrous (Habitus, Fig. 13 View Figure 11–14 ) | Homethes Newman, 1842 |
| 17' | Abdominal sterna and dorsal surface of tarsomeres with fine vestiture (Habitus, Fig. 3 View Figure 3–6 ) | Aeolodermus Andrewes, 1929 |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Lachnophorini LeConte, 1853
| Erwin, Terry L. & Zamorano, Laura S. 2014 |
Lachnophorini
| LeConte 1853 |