Pyrrhalta lineatipes (Takei, 1916), resurrected

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Pyrrhalta lineatipes (Takei, 1916), resurrected Figs 45G-I , 47 , 48A-C

Galerucella lineatipes Takei, 1916: 35 (Japan: Gumma).

Galerucella humeralis Chen, 1942: 17 (China: Guanxi, Liaoning). syn. nov.

Pyrrhalta humeralis : Nakane & Kimoto, 1961: 21 (Japan: Okinawa island); Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 451 (China: Anhui, Hubei, Fujian, Guandong, Sichuan); Kimoto 1964a: 301 (Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Kimoto and Gressitt 1966: 477 (key), 520 (Ryukyus); Kimoto 1969: 28 (Taiwan); Kimoto and Hiura 1971: 15 (Japan); Kimoto 1985: 4 (catalogue); Lee 1990: 81 (larval description, Japan); Jiang 1992: 647 (China: Sichuan); Li 1992: 185 (China: Liaoning); Yang 1993: 332 (China: Hubei); Kimoto and Takizawa 1994: 234 (key), 306 (Japan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 55 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 373; Yang et al. 1997: 865 (China: Sichuan); Wang and Yang 1998: 65 (China: Fujian); Lee and An 2001: 119 (South Korea); Mikhailov and Hayashi 2002: 34 (Sakhalin); Yang 2002: 627 (China: Fujian); Park and Lee 2004: 229 (larval description, Korea); Lee and Ho 2006: 82 (host plants); Wang and Yang 2006: 112 (China: Gansu); Beenen 2010: 452 (catalogue); Xue and Yang 2010: 123 (catalogue); Takahashi 2012: 323; Yang et al. 2015: 117 (China: Helongjiang, Jiangxi, Jilin, Gansu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guanxi); Matsumura et al. 2017: 85 (female reproductive system); Cho and An 2020: 22 (catalogue, South Korea).

Pyrrhalta (Pyrrhalta) humeralis : Wilcox 1971: 86 (catalogue).

Types.

Gallerucella lineatipes . Lectotype ♂ (SEHU) (Fig. 45A, C ), here designaed: "Japan / Matsumura [p, w] // 群馬 [= Gumma] 5 / 15/VII 1913 [h, on the back of the same card] // Galerucella / Galerucella lineatipes / n. sp. [h, w]". Paralectotype. 1♂ (SEHU) (Fig. 45B ), same data as holotype. Both specimens glued on separated cards but pined with the same pine originally. Now both are separated and the paratype mounted with copies of the labels.

Galerucella humeralis . Presumably deposited at the IZAS based on the original description ( Chen 1942). However, the type seems to be lost (Ruie Nie, pers. comm., 26 Nov 2018).

Other material.

China. Fujian: 1♀ (CAS), Shaowu, Tachulan , 14.VII.1946, leg. T. C. Maa ; Guangdong: 1♂ (CAS), Taiyong , 5.VIII.1936 , leg. K, Gressitt , det. Gressitt and Kimoto, 1961 ; Heilongjiang: 1♀ (TARI), Dailing (岱岭), 23.VII.1958, leg. S. X. Zhou ; Hubei: 1♀ (KMNH), Leong-Ho-Kow to Wang-Ga-Ying, 18.IX.1948, leg. Gressitt & Djou ; Japan. Honshu: 1♀ (TARI), Nagano-Ken, Noziri , 10.VIII.1940, leg. T. Nakane ; 2♀ (TARI), Yamaguchi, Tokusa , 16.VII.1922, leg. T. Shiraki ; Kyushu : 1♂ (TARI), Mt. Korasan ( Chikugo ), 8.VIII.1934, leg. K. Yamauchi ; Sikoku : 2♂, 2♀ (TARI), Kochi-Ken , 7.XI.1935, leg. I. Okubo ; Ryukyu Islands : 1♂, 1♀ (CAS), 1♂ (NHMUK), Okinawa I., Nakijin , 26.IV.1964, leg. T. Takara ; South Korea. 2♀ (TARI), Suigen , 11.VIII.1936, leg. K. Saito ; Taiwan. Hualien: 4♂, 1♀ (TARI), Liyutan (鯉魚潭), 27.VIII.2016, leg. H.-F. Lu ; 6♂, 10♀ (TARI), same but with “17.IV.2017”; Nantou : 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 5-9. X.1980, leg. C. C. Chen & C. C. Chien ; Taichung: 2♂ (TARI), Wuleng (武陵), 25.VII.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 13.IX.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 6♂, 9♀ (TARI), same locality, 6.XI.2016, leg. J.-C. Chen.

Redescription.

Length 6.0-7.9 mm, width 2.9-4.1 mm. Body color (Fig. 45G-I ) yellowish brown; vertex with one longitudinal black spot at middle, antennae blackish brown; pronotum with three large black spots, one spot at center, elongate, extending from near apex to near base; two wide spots along lateral margins; scutellum dark brown or blackish brown; elytra with longitudinal black stripe from humerus to middle; legs yellowish brown, but apices of femora, outer sides of tibiae, and apical 2/3 of tarsi black. Eyes relatively small, interocular space 2.88-2.91 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 47A ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.7: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.5: 2.4: 3.7: 3.2: 3.2: 3.4: 3.4: 3.4: 3.5: 3.1: 3.7; similar in females (Fig. 47B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 1.0: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.7: 2.1: 3.3: 3.1: 3.2: 3.1: 3.1: 3.1: 3.2: 3.0: 3.8. Pronotum and elytra moderately convex. Pronotum 2.1-2.3 × wider than long, disc with transverse ridge along apical margin deflexed at antero-lateral angles, with dense, extremely coarse punctures, and long pubescence, punctures reduced on ridge; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins medially broadened, apical margin slightly concave, basal margin straight. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided, 1.5-1.6 × longer than wide; disc rough, with sparse fine punctures, and long, extremely dense pubescence. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg small (Fig. 47E ), tarsomere I of middle leg not modified in males. Aedeagus (Fig. 47C, D ) broad in dorsal view, 4.5 × longer than wide, sides slightly asymmetric, strongly broadened from apex to apical 1/10, slightly narrowed towards base, apex truncate; strongly curved at base in lateral view, moderately broadened from apex to basal 2/5, apex acute; ostium not covered by membrane; single endophallic sclerite long, 0.5 × as long as aedeagus, with several apical small teeth. Gonocoxae (Fig. 47G ) longitudinal, base membranous, disc with sparse, short setae, several long setae along apical margin. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 47F ) extremely transverse; disc with extremely dense, short setae along apical area; spiculum short. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 47H ) very swollen; pump short and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with rounded depression at middle, followed by shallow notch in males (Fig. 47I ); only with shallow depression in females (Fig. 47J ).

Remarks.

Adults of P. lineatipes (Takei) (Fig. 45G ), X. aenescens (Fairmaire) (Fig. 1D ), and P. jungchani sp. nov. (Fig. 38A ) are easily recognized by the three black spots on the pronota. This species (Fig. 45I ) is most similar to P. jungchani sp. nov. (Fig. 38C ) based on the brown elytra with black stripes arising from humeral calli and convex pronotum and elytra (entirely metallic green elytra and dorso-ventral flattened pronotum and elytra in X. aenescens (Fig. 1F )). It differs from P. jungchani sp. nov. by the more dense pubescence, sparse punctures on elytra (sparse pubescence and extremely dense punctures on elytra in P. jungchani sp. nov.), and normal tarsomere I of middle leg in males (Fig. 39H ) (modified tarsomere I of middle leg in males of P. jungchani sp. nov. (Fig. 39H )). In addition, the aedeagus (Fig. 47C, D ) and abdominal ventrite VIII in females (Fig. 47F ) are diagnostic.

Mr. Takei sent specimens to Dr. Matsumura for identification. He wrote a new species name on the identification card, Galerucella lineatipes sp. n., but that name was never published. Later, Takei (1916) described this new species collected by him as Galerucella lineatipes Mats. (n. sp.). Thus, the correct authorship is Takei. Two types at the SEHU fit the original description well; it is a distinct species that differs from Galerucella calmariensis and is regarded as a senior synonym of P. humeralis .

Although Pyrrhalta lineatipes feed on leaves of Viburnum spp., it does not belong to the P. shirozui species group due to a number of apomorphies in adults and arrangement of eggs. Pyrrhalta lineatipes differs from members of the P. shirozui species group with its symmetrical aedeagus (Fig. 47C ) lacking a secondary endophallic sclerite (asymmetrical aedeagi (Figs 39C , 42C , 43C ) and with the second endophallic sclerite in P. shirozui species group), the extremely transverse ventrite VIII in females, and with short speculum (Fig. 47F ) (vs. narrow ventrite VIII in females and with long speculum in P. shirozui species group (Figs 39E , 42E , 43F ), and egg mass on small twigs (Fig. 48A ) (the single egg on small twigs in P. shirozui (Fig. 44A, B ). Interestingly, females of P. viburni also deposited egg masses ( Hilker 1992) on small twigs as those of P. lineatipes , and larvae and adults fed on leaves of Viburnum spp., so both might belong to the same species-group.

Host plants.

Viburnum sp. ( Gressitt and Kimoto 1963), V. odoratissimum Ker. in Japan ( Lee 1990), V. sargentii Koehne in the laboratory, Korea ( Park and Lee 2004), V. betulifolium Batalin (present study), V. parvifolium Hayata (present study), V. taitoense Hayata (present study), V. dilatatum Thunb, V. awabuki Koch, V. opulus , V. phlebotrichum , V. sieboldii ( Lee and Cho 2006), Salix sp. ( Gressitt and Kimoto 1963; Lee and Cho 2006; need further confirmation).

Biology.

The overwintering eggs of P. lineatipes were deposited into the twigs of the hostplants (Fig. 48A ), Viburnum sp., as observed by Mr. His-Feng Lu, 15 November 2016, in Liyutan, eastern Taiwan. Each egg mass was covered with feces and small fragments of chewed plant material. young larvae were found on 5 March of the following year. They were transferred to the laboratory for rearing and fed on leaves. mature larvae (Fig. 48B ) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The newly emerged adults crawled out soil (Fig. 48C ) April 7.

Distribution.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guandong, Guanxi, Helongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejian; Yang et al. 2015), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; Okinawa island), Korea, Taiwan. It is only found in a few localities from lowlands to mid-altitudes in eastern Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 1. Habitus of Xanthogaleruca aenescens (Fairmaire) and X. yuae sp. nov. A X. aenescens, female, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D X. yuae sp. nov., female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view.

Figure 38. Habitus of Pyrrhalta jungchani sp. nov. and P. shirozui Kimoto A P. jungchani sp. nov., male, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. shirozui, female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view G Same species, color variation H Same species, color variation I Same species, color variation.

Figure 39. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta jungchani sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F apex of tibia of middle leg, male G gonocoxae H tarsi of middle leg, male I abdominal ventrite V, female J abdominal ventrite V, male K spermatheca.

Figure 42. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta lui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.

Figure 43. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E apex of tibia of middle leg, male F abdominal ventrite VIII G gonocoxae H spermatheca I abdominal ventrite V, female J abdominal ventrite V, male K tarsi of middle leg, male.

Figure 44. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta shirozui Kimoto on host plant A egg at crevice of small twig B egg at hole prepared by the female C Resting site (hole) prepared by larva D Larva E pupa F adult.

Figure 45. Habitus of Pyrrhalta kobayashii Kimoto and P. lineatipes (Takei) A P. kobayashii, female, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. lineatipes, lectotype, dorsal view E P. lineatipes, paralectotype, dorsal view F P. lineatipes, type labels G P. humeralis, from Taiwan, female, dorsal view H ditto, ventral view I ditto, lateral view.

Figure 47. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta lineatipes (Takei) A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E apex of tibia of middle leg, male F abdominal ventrite VIII G gonocoxae H spermatheca I abdominal ventrite V, male J abdominal ventrite V, female.

Figure 48. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta lineatipes (Takei) and P. ohbayashii Kimoto on host plant A P. lineatipes, egg masses B same, third-instar larvae C same, adults D P. ohbayashii, adult.