Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum (Weber, 1801)

Chamorro, William, Marin-Armijos, Diego, senjo, Angelico & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2019, Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records, ZooKeys 826, pp. 1-343 : 200-202

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum (Weber, 1801) Plate 45B

Copris conspicillata Weber, 1801: 36 (original description. Type locality: Brafilia [= Brazil]).

Copris conspicillatus : Fabricius 1801: 32 (redescription); Schönherr 1806: 35 (cited); Hope 1837: 51 (comment).

Phanaeus conspicillatus : Macleay 1819: 132 (trasnferred to the genus Phanaeus Macleay, 1819); Erichson 1847: 107 (redescription); Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1017 (list, distribution); Harold 1880a: 28 (distribution for Nueva Granada [= Colombia]).

Oxysternon conspicillatum : Nevinson 1892: 8 (transferred to the genus Oxysternon Weber, 1801); Gillet 1911a: 87 (complete list of species); d’ Olsoufieff 1924: 47 (characters in key), 113 (redescription, distribution); Balthasar 1941: 351 (cited for Peru); Pessôa and Lane 1941: 486 (characters in key), 487 (comment); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (list of species from Latin America); Contreras 1951: 222 (cited for Colombia); Balthasar 1951: 337 (cited for Peru); Guêrin 1953: 261 (diagnosis); Vulcano and Pereira 1967: 568 (characters in key); Howden and Young 1981: 146 (characters in key, redescription); Vitolo 2000: 599 (characters in key); Medina et al. 2001: 140 (cited for Colombia); Ratcliffe 2002: 16 (cited for Panama); Krajcik 2012: 191 (complete list of species); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197 (cited for Peru).

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum var. conspicillatum : Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (cited for Brazil); Arnaud 2002a: 68 (diagnosis); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 17 (list of species from Bolivia); Carvajal et al. 2011: 322-323 (cited for Ecuador).

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum : Arnaud 2002a: 67 (diagnosis); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 10 (characters in key), 18 (diagnosis); Vitolo 2004: 287 (diagnosis); Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 62 (distributional records from Bolivia); Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011: 64 (figure 137); Figueroa et al. 2014: 131 (figure 11), 132 (distributional records from Peru); Chamorro et al. 2018: 83 (figure 6H), 84 (figure 7A), 97 (cited for Ecuador).

Type specimens.

Copris conspicillata Weber, 1801. Type material not examined.

Distribution.

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.

Records examined.

CARCHI: Tobar Donoso 300 m (5 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Chugchilán, 2600 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). EL ORO: San Roque (1 specimen MQCAZ); Salvias, Río San José, 1200 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, 5 m, Estación Forestal La Chiquita (8 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (7 specimens MGO-UC; 21 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Colón del Onzole (16 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Majua (1 specimen MGO-UC; 14 specimens MQCAZ; 19 specimens MECN); Pajonal (15 specimens MQCAZ; 12 specimens MECN); Palma Real (10 specimens MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (5 specimens MGO-UC; 33 specimens MQCAZ; 23 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, 150 m (2 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL; 45 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (4 specimens MGO-UC; 8 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (10 specimens MGO-UC; 36 specimens MQCAZ; 19 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Pistolas (2 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Pote (2 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MGO-UC; 18 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Río Santiago, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Salto del Bravo (9 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Tsejpi (19 specimens MGO-UC; 22 specimens MQCAZ; 12 specimens MECN); Tsejpi río Zapallo (3 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (7 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN). LOJA: Cariamanga (1 specimen MQCAZ); Catamayo (1 specimen MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: Estación Biológica Río Palenque, 220 m (33 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: sector El Mono, 245 m, Reserva Ecológica Mache Chindul (1 specimen MGO-UC). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300-1700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Comunidad Unsuants, 700-1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (5 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Macas (9 specimens MQCAZ); San Antonio, Limon Indazo, Centro Shuar Wuarints; San Pedro de Apondio, 1600 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Wisui road to Taisha, 650 m (1 specimen MUTPL). NAPO: Archidona (3 specimens MCQAZ); Comunidad Rumiñahui, sector Kuriurko, 1070 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Parahuacu (2 specimens MECN); Tena (15 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MECN); Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180-250 m (24 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden Yuturí, 225 m, Bloque 15 (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT; 15 specimens MQCAZ); SCYASUNI [= Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, Parque Nacional Yasuní], 250 m (2 specimens CEMT; 54 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 285 m, Río Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL; 2 specimens MGO-UC); Ines Arango Pre-Cooperativa Andina, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Loreto (1 specimen MQCAZ); Parque Nacional Yasuní, 1220 m (1 specimen CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuní, 250 m (4 specimens CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Yasuní (1 specimen MGO-UC). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660-950 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Llandia 17 km N del Puyo, 1000 m (4 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Chespi, 1140 m, Hacienda El Rosario (1 specimen MGO-UC); Estación Biológica La Hesperia (2 specimens MUTPL); Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, 520 m, Manduriacus (1 specimen MGO-UC); Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Mangaloma, 720 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (3 specimens MUTPL); Nanegal (5 specimens MQCAZ); Nono (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Roque Río Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL; 1 specimen MGO-UC). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Alluriquín, 800 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Río Toachi (11 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 275 m, 16 km de Lago Agrio (1 specimen MGO-UC); Cuyabeno (12 specimens MQCAZ); Laguna Grande Cuyabeno, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT; 19 specimens MQCAZ); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Paña Cocha Sendero Playas del Cuyabeno, 260 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Sansahuari, 260 m, Pozo Singüe (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE: Bombuscaro, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 1100 m (5 specimens MECN); San Andres, 1850 m (2 specimens CEMT); Valladolid, 1645 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Zamora (5 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN, 2 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN; 3 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).

Literature records.

COTOPAXI: Las Palmas ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Chugchilán, 2600 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). ESMERALDAS: Estación Biológica Bilsa, 500 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); 11 km SE San Lorenzo, Estación Forestal La Chiquita, 5 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Palma Real ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Pajonal ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Charco Vicente ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Salto del Bravo ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Majua ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). GUYAS: Guayaquil ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). LOJA: Catamayo ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); 40 km N Quevedo, Estación Biológica Río Palenque, 150-220 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). MANABÍ: Palmar, 200 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). NAPO: Río Jatunyacu, 700 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Archidona ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Zatzayacu ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Cosanga, 2150 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Loreto ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Estación CIentífica Yasuní ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). NAPO [= SUCUMBÍOS]: Limoncocha, 260 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). PASTAZA: Puyo, 1000 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); 25 km N Puyo ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Cusuimi, Río Cusuimi 150 km SE Puyo ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Ashuara on Río Macuma, 10 km from Río Morona, 300 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Santa Clara ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Loracachi, 220 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Kapawi, 350 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Bosque Villano ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). PICHINCHA: Nono ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Nanegal, 1280 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: km 27 old Santo Domingo Road, 3200 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20); Alluriguin [= Alluriquín], 800 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 20). Tinalandia, 12 km E Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 750 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 21). SUCUMBÍOS: Cuyabeno ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 21). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Zamora ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 21); Valladolid, 1645 m ( Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 21).

Temporal data.

Collected every month of the year.

Remarks.

Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen, coastal lowland semi-deciduous, and coastal foothill evergreen forests from 5-1140 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the montane cloud and high montane evergreen forests from 1800-2600 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded from the lowland evergreen, varzea, foothill evergreen, and lower montane evergreen forests from 1380-1700 m a.s.l. Collected manually using flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.