Glyptapis densopunctata, Engel, 2001

ENGEL, MICHAEL S., 2001, A Monograph Of The Baltic Amber Bees And Evolution Of The Apoidea (Hymenoptera), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (259), pp. 1-1 : 1-

Glyptapis densopunctata , new species Figure 37 Plate 3b

DIAGNOSIS: This species is most similar to G. disareolata ; both species have the deep, crater­like punctures of the scutellum restrict­ ed to the posterior two­thirds and dense punctures on the metanotum. These characters serve to separate both G. densopunctata and G. disareolata from G. fuscula . Glyptapis densopunctata differs from G. disareolata by the presence of areolae in the precoxal triangle.

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 6.29 mm; forewing length 4.30 mm. Head slightly wider than long (length 1.72 mm, width 1.84 mm). Upper interorbital distance 1.19 mm; lower interorbital distance 0.88 mm. Interocellar distance 0.38 mm; ocello­ cular distance 0.31 mm; median to lateral ocellus 0.13 mm. Intertegular distance 1.38 mm. Basal vein confluent with cu­a; first submarginal cell longer than second; 1m­cu enters second submarginal cell about four times vein width distad of second abscissa of Rs; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by two times vein width; second submarginal cell gently narrowed anteriorly; 2rs­m gently curved; cu­a long; inner margin of pterostigma in first submarginal cell longer than width of pterostigma; inner margin of pterostigma in marginal cell gently convex; marginal cell apex acutely rounded, offset from wing margin by width of vein, not appendiculate (fig. 37); eight distal hamuli, arranged in a single, evenly spaced series.

Integument generally shining. Mandible with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times a puncture width, integument between smooth. Clypeus with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times puncture width, integument between smooth. Supraclypeal area sculptured as on clypeus. Face and vertex with minute punctures, more well­defined than those of clypeus and supraclypeal area, punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Gena and postgena with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Pronotum with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, also with minute, transverse striae running along posterior edge of lateral ridge, integument between smooth. Mesoscutum strongly punctured; punctures moderately large (ca. 1/3 OD) and deep, separated by less 0.5–2 times puncture width, integument between such punctures smooth, with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times their own diameter; anterior border of mesoscutum with deeper punctures closely packed. Tegula with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Scutellum sculptured as on mesoscutum except deep punctures restricted to posterior two­thirds. Metanotum with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between (where evident) smooth. Preëpisternal area (here used for anterior­facing surface of mesepisternum anterior to omaular carina: preepisternal suture is absent, as in other long­tongued bees) with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Mesepisternum coarsely reticulate­areolate, integument inside areolae smooth; precoxal triangle anteriorly separated from remainder of mesepisternum by narrow glabrous margin that is less than 0.5 times areola diameter in width, precoxal triangle with weak transverse striae forming dorsoventral row of areolae. Metepisternum transversely striate, integument between striae smooth. Basal area of propodeum strongly areolate, areolae 1 OD or more in diameter, basal area two areolae in length and eight areolae wide; lateral surface of propodeum dorsoventrally striate, integument between striae smooth. Metasomal terga and sterna faintly imbricate.

Color not entirely preserved; however, where evident, dark brown and without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins strong and dark brown.

Mandible with minute, simple, subappressed setae, longer on ventral border. Clypeus with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument, such setae also on face below level of antennal sockets. Widely scattered, longer, erect setae on face, clypeus, supraclypeal area; appressed, minute setae disappearing by supraclypeal area; face with longer erect setae intermixed with short, suberect setae; vertex with long, erect setae, each bearing a few minute branches. Gena with similar setae as those of vertex, although shorter, subappressed (not obscuring integument), and simple. Postgena with long, erect, widely scattered setae. Pronotum with scattered, minute, simple setae, appressed but not obscuring the integument except on pronotal lobe setae dense and short and along dorsal carina setae short, erect, and each with a few minute branches. Mesoscutum with short, plumose setae arising out of large, deep punctures, also with minute, sparse setae in interspaces between punctures. Tegula with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument. Scutellum with pubescence as on mesoscutum except setae slightly longer. Metanotum with minute, erect, simple setae widely scattered. Preëpisternal area without pubescence; setae of mesepisternum (posterior to omaular carina) as on mesoscutum; metepisternum with scattered, short, simple setae. Basal area and posterior surface of propodeum without pubescence; lateral surface of propodeum with pubescence as described for metepisternum. Pubescence of legs generally simple and short except those setae on tarsi long; inner surface of metafemur without pubescence, outer, anterior, and posterior surfaces with short, branched setae; metatibia with numerous, somewhat long setae on all surfaces, most of those on inner surface simple but a few with minute branches, those of outer surface with several short branches. Central discs of metasomal terga with sparse, minute, simple, appressed setae, setae longer and erect to suberect on lateral borders; sternal scopa composed of dense, long, erect, simple setae.

MATERIAL: Four specimens. Holotype. Female, B­W 161 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Holotype, Glyptapis densopunctata Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, B­JH 89 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Glyptapis densopunctata Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, Nr. 2623 (CCGG) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 2623’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Glyptapis densopunctata Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, Nr. 857 (CHFG) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 857, Balt. Bernstein’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Glyptapis densopunctata Engel’’.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin words densus (meaning ‘‘dense’’) and punctatum (meaning ‘‘punctures’’) and is a reference to the dense punctures of the metanotum.

Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell

Figures 36 , 38 , 39

Plate 3a

Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell, 1909b: 17 .

Glyptapis reticulata Cockerell, 1909b: 16 . NEW SYNONYMY.

Glyptapis reducta Cockerell, 1909b: 18 . NEW SYN­ ONYMY.

Glyptapis neglecta Salt, 1931: 136 . NEW SYNONY­ MY.

Dasypoda sp. Gerlach, 1989: 253 . [misidentification; = G. reducta Cockerell ]

DIAGNOSIS: This species is similar to G. densopunctata and G. disareolata but has the deep, crater­like punctures not restricted to the posterior two­thirds of the scutellum and the punctures of the metanotum more widely spaced.

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 7.04 mm; forewing length 4.32 mm. Head slightly wider than long (length 1.76 mm, width 1.80 mm). Upper interorbital distance 1.20 mm; lower interorbital distance 0.84 mm. Interocellar distance 0.40 mm; ocellocular distance 0.28 mm; median to lateral ocellus 0.16 mm. Intertegular distance 1.64 mm. Basal vein confluent with cu­a; first submarginal cell longer than second; 1m­cu enters second submarginal cell about eight times vein width distad second abscissa of Rs; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by vein width; second submarginal cell gently narrowed anteriorly; 2rs­m gently curved; inner margin of pterostigma in first submarginal cell longer than width of pterostigma; inner margin of pterostigma in marginal cell gently convex; marginal cell apex acutely rounded, offset from wing margin by width of vein, not appendiculate; six distal hamuli, arranged in a single, evenly spaced series.

Integument generally shining. Mandible with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times a puncture width, integument between smooth. Clypeus with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times puncture width, integument between smooth. Supraclypeal area sculptured as on clypeus. Face and vertex with minute punctures, more well­defined than those of clypeus and supraclypeal area, punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Gena and postgena with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Pronotum with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, also with minute, transverse striae running along posterior edge of lateral ridge, integument between smooth. Mesoscutum strongly punctured; punctures moderately large (ca. 1/3 OD) and deep, sep­ arated by less 0.5–2 times puncture width, integument between such punctures smooth, with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times their own diameter; anterior border of mesoscutum with deeper puncture closely packed (fig. 38). Tegula with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Scutellum sculptured as on mesoscutum, deep, crater­like punctures on all parts of scutellum (not restricted to posterior two­thirds). Metanotum with minute punctures separated by 2–3 times puncture width, integument between smooth. Preëpisternal area (here used for anterior­facing surface of mesepisternum anterior to omaular carina: preepisternal suture is absent, as in other long­tongued bees) with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Mesepisternum coarsely reticulate­areolate, integument inside areolae smooth; precoxal triangle anteriorly separated from remainder of mesepisternum by narrow glabrous margin that is less than one­half times areola diameter in width, precoxal triangle without strong areolae, instead with weak longitudinal striae that extend only one­half of precoxal triangle. Metepisternum transversely striate, integument between striae smooth. Basal area of propodeum strongly areolate, areolae easily 1 OD in diameter, basal area two areolae in length and eight areolae wide; metapostnotum smooth and impunctate, bordered by areolae (0.5 OD in diameter) that converge ventrally just below propodeal pit; small glabrous zone of about 1 OD in width appearing outside of areolate borders of metapostnotum on posterior propodeal surface; lateral and ventral borders of posterior surface strongly areolate; lateral surface of propodeum dorsoventrally striate, integument between striae smooth. Metasomal terga and sterna faintly imbricate.

Color dark brown without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins dark brown.

Mandible with minute, simple, subappressed setae, longer on ventral border. Clypeus with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument, such setae also on face below level of antennal sockets. Widely scattered, longer, erect setae on face, clypeus, supraclypeal area; appressed, minute setae disappearing by supraclypeal area, replaced on upper face by aforementioned longer, erect setae although now more numerous, such setae long on vertex and each bearing a few minute branches. Gena with similar setae as those of vertex although shorter, subappressed (not obscuring integument), and simple. Postgena with long, erect, widely scattered setae. Pronotum with scattered, minute, simple setae, appressed but not obscuring the integument except on pronotal lobe setae dense and short and along dorsal carina setae short, erect, and each with a few minute branches. Mesoscutum with short, plumose setae arising out of large, deep punctures, also with minute, sparse setae in interspaces between punctures. Tegula with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument. Scutellum with pubescence as on mesoscutum except setae slightly longer. Metanotum with minute, erect, simple setae widely scattered and a medial patch of long, erect setae, each with a few minute branches. Preëpisternal area without pubescence; setae of mesepisternum (posterior to omaular carina) as on mesoscutum; metepisternum with scattered, short, simple setae. Basal area and posterior surface of propodeum without pubescence; lateral surface of propodeum with pubescence as described for metepisternum. Pubescence of legs generally simple and short except those setae on tarsi long; inner surface of metafemur without pubescence, outer, anterior, and posterior surfaces with short, branched setae; metatibia with numerous, somewhat long, setae on all surfaces, most of those on inner surface simple but a few with minute branches, those of outer surface with several, short branches. Central discs of metasomal terga with sparse, minute, simple, appressed setae, setae longer and erect to suberect on lateral borders; sternal scopa composed of dense, long, erect, simple setae.

MATERIAL: Nine specimens. Holotype ( fuscula ). Female, K66 ( IMGP) labeled: ‘‘ Holotype, Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell’’ // ‘‘ Holotype, K66, Glyptapis fuscula n. sp. Cockerell, Geologisch­Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Göttingen‘‘ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula ’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cock. [=Cockerell], K66’’.

Neotype ( reticulata ; here designated). Female, B­JH 78 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Neotype, Glyptapis reticulata Cockerell’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Holotype ( reducta ). Female, G4668 ( IMGP) labeled: ‘‘ Holotype, Glyptapis reducta Cockerell’’ // Holotype, G4668, Glyptapis reducta n. sp. Cockerell’’ // Reservierte Registiernummer, Dasypoda : G4668 [Gerlach handwriting]‘‘ // ‘‘ Dasypoda sp. indet., Gerlach, J., 1987’’ // ‘‘ Glytapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’. The eye setae are difficult to see but present. The coarse sculpturing, although also difficult to view through the fine layer of Schimmel on the specimen, can be seen.

Neotype ( neglecta ; here designated). Female B­JH 78 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘ Neotype, Glyptapis neglecta Salt , desig. M. S. Engel’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’ (see Comments below). This is the same specimen designated as the neotype of G. reticulata and thus all other labels are identical with those listed above.

Non­type. Female ( ZMUC) labeled: ‘‘ Apoidea , A. Henningsen, 9–9, 1974’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’. This is the specimen figured by Poinar (1994: 75).

Non­type. Female, B­W 155 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula? Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, MB. I.1936 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, Inv. Nr. MB. I.1936 (No. 18) // ‘‘18’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel, 1999’’.

Non­type. Female, MB. I.1937 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, Inv. Nr. MB. I.1937, Slg. Berendt’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, Nr. 1015 ( CHMG) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 1015’’ // ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female ( CFEG) labeled: ‘‘ Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

COMMENTS: Salt’s description of G. neglecta agrees with G. fuscula in every respect, particularly the sculpturing of the mesoscutum. Salt considered the distinguishing feature between his specimen and G. fuscula to be the hyaline wing membrane in his species; however, the surviving holotype of G. fuscula does not actually have fuscous wing membranes. I therefore consider G. neglecta and G. fuscula to be conspecific. The holotype of G. neglecta , however, has since become lost (it was originally in the ill­fated Königsberg collection). I, therefore, here designate a neotype of a specimen from the AMNH collection which agrees with Salt’s description. Acting as first reviser (ICZN, 1999b: Art. 24.2) I have chosen G. fuscula as the valid name for this taxon and consider G. reducta and G. reticulata , both published in the same article, to be junior synonyms.

Gerlach (1989) misidentified the holotype of G. reducta as a species of the melittid genus Dasypoda ( Melittidae : Dasypodainae). There is a thin layer of mold over most of the specimen but the punctures of the mesosoma can be easily seen through and within gaps of the mold. There is absolutely no resemblance between G. reducta (nor any Glyptapis for that matter) and species of Dasypoda .

Figures

Fig. 37. Forewing of holotype female of Glyptapis densopunctata, new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 35–36. Leg structures of Glyptapis species. 35. Claw and arolium of Glyptapis disareolata, new species. 36. Metafemur, metatibia, and metatarsus of female of Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (a), 0.25 mm (b); (a = fig. 36; b = fig. 35).

Fig. 38. Dorsolateral view of mesosoma of holotype female of Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell.

Fig. 39. Lateral view (posterior portion of head in lower right­hand corner) of mesosoma of holotype female of Glyptapis fuscula Cockerell. Mesepisternum sculpturing in focus; precoxal triangle cannot be seen in this image.