Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834)

Yefremova, Z. & Mishchenko, A., 2012, The preimaginal stages of Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees) and Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids associated with Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), Journal of Natural History 46 (21 - 22), pp. 1283-1305 : 1285-1286

Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees ab Esenbeck 1834)

Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees) : Graham & LaSalle 1991, p. 89.

Type material

Neotype ♀, designated by Graham and LaSalle (1991) ( Naturhistorisches Museum , Vienna; not examined).

Material examined

171 ♀♀, 84 ♂♂, M. frontalis : Ul’yanovsk, Park Vinnovskay Roshcha , 54 ◦ 16 ′ N; 48 ◦ 20 ′ E, 16 June–4 September 2009 (A. Mishchenko) .

Comparative notes

Anterior margin of clypeus with two teeth, clava with terminal spine much shorter than third segment, fore wing about 1.9× as long as broad, submarginal vein with 2–4 setae, medial lines on mesoscutum absent, body black with yellow markings.

Distribution

Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, UK, USA ( Noyes 2010).

Biology

Larval-pupal gregarious ectoparasitoid.