Glyptapanteles alejandrovalerioi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles alejandrovalerioi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 5 , 6

Female.

Body length 2.72 mm, antennal length 2.17 mm, fore wing length 2.55 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 89-SRNP-670A DHJPAR0000057; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal; 280 m; 10.85827, -85.61089; 15.vii.1989; gusaneros leg.; cocoons formed on 28.vii.1989 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.viii.1989; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 21 (4♀ + 2♂) (9♀ + 6♂); 89-SRNP-670A DHJPAR0000057; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo : • 26 (0 ♀, 2♂) (0 ♀, 24♂); 90-SRNP-1146, DHJPAR0001443; dry forest; 290 m, 10.85145, -85.60801; 29.vi.1990; Daniel H Janzen leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 13.vii.1990 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 19.vii.1990. • 23 (0 ♀, 2♂) (0 ♀, 21♂); 90-SRNP-1146A, DHJPAR0001500; same data as for preceding except: 29.vi.1990 ; gusaneros leg.; white cocoons separated but tightly attached and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 18.vii.1990. • 30 (0 ♀, 2♂) (0 ♀, 28♂); 90-SRNP-1146B, DHJPAR0000058; same data as for preceding except: 29.vi.1990 ; gusaneros leg.; cocoons white and separate and tightly attached to larval cuticle. • 17 (0 ♀, 2♂) (0 ♀, 15♂); 04-SRNP-12126.2, DHJPAR0001516; same data as for preceding except: 20.vi.2004, Ruth Franco leg. ; cocoons formed on 06.vii.2004 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004. • 13 (0 ♀, 3♂) (0 ♀, 10♂); 04-SRNP-12126.3, DHJPAR0001526; same data as for preceding except: 20.vi.2004, Ruth Franco leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons massed among the scoli of the larva, formed on 06.vii.2004 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004. • 12 (0 ♀, 2♂) (0 ♀, 10♂); 04-SRNP-12126.1, DHJPAR0000286; same data as for preceding except: 20.vi.2004, Ruth Franco leg. ; parasitoid cocoons formed on 06.vii.2004 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.vii.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal : • 17 (3♀ + 1♂), (11♀ + 2♂); 93-SRNP-2506, DHJPAR0000072; 280 m; 10.85827, -85.61089; 12.vi.1993 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; white fluffy cocoons formed on 26.vi.1993 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.vii.1993. • 11 (3♀ + 2♂) (4♀ + 2♂); 93-SRNP-2507, DHJPAR0000073; same data as for preceding except: white fluffy cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle; date of cocoons not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.vii.1993 .

Diagnosis.

Mesoscutum proximally convex distally flat with punctation distinct proximally ranging to satiny distally ( Figs 5D , 6D ), scutellar punctation peripherally distinct, absent centrally ( Figs 5D , 6D ), antenna shorter than body, phragma of the scutellum widely visible ( Figs 5B, D , 6D ), T3 longer than T2 ( Fig. 5E ), fore wing with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Fig. 6I ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 5C ), petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally ( Figs 5E , 6E ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 5D , 6D ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 5E , 6E ).

Coloration

( Fig. 5A ). General body coloration dark brown, except clypeus, labrum and mandibles yellow-brown; glossa, labial and maxillary palps yellow; all antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown); propleuron, pronotum, proximal middle area and distal corners of mesoscutum, scutellum, BS, lunules, BM and propodeum lighter than body coloration. Eyes dark gray and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs brown, except apex of femur, tibiae and the four tarsomeres yellow, telotarsus with yellow-brown tints and claws brown; hind leg brown except proximal 1/3 of tibiae yellow-brown, tibial spurs yellow and tarsi yellow-brown. Petiole on T1 yellow-red/reddish with contours darkened, sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median area and lateral ends brown; T3 and beyond completely brown. In lateral view, T1-2 yellow-brown; T3 and beyond brown. S1-2 yellow-brown, S3 and beyond brown, although hypopygium medially yellow-brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 5C ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.11:0.06; 0.13:0.06; 0.14:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.09:0.05, 0.07:0.05), antenna shorter than body (2.17, 2.72); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face with punctate-lacunose sculpture, interspaces wavy, laterally with depression and longitudinal median carina present. Fronto-clypeal suture absent or at least indicated by a groove/dark coloration. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09:0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 5B, D, F ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat with punctation distinct proximally ranging to satiny distally and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum long and slender, distally sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct peripherally, absent centrally, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum widely visible; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune proximally with undulate carinae and distally smooth; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM with little and incomplete parallel carinae proximally. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina; proximal half relatively polished and weakly curved and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a defined smooth band only proximally; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny, shallow, but visible. Epicnemial ridge convex and teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, proximally narrow and distally wide; fore telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.05). Hind coxa medially smooth, dorsally with scattered punctation, ventrally with dense punctation; dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present. Inner spur of hind tibia slightly longer than outer spur (0.16, 0.12); surface of hind tibia with strong spines only on distal half; hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.08).

Wings. Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; shape of 2M vein straight; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell proximal half smooth; veins 2CUa absent and 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as spectral vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken, not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 5E, C ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 fine-sculptured only distally; virtually parallel-sided over most of length but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.25; maximum width 0.17; minimum width 0.07) with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third and apex truncate. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the dorsal edge (length median area 0.14, length T2 0.14); edges of median area polished, median area broader than long (length 0.14, maximum width 0.16; minimum width 0.07); T2 with a distinctive row of pubescence only at the distal margin. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.14) and with a distinctive row of pubescence only at the distal margin. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.

Cocoons. White oval cocoons with silk fibers messy/disordered/fluffy. Fluffy cocoons separated, but tightly attached and adhered to the larval cuticle.

Comments.

The mesopleuron is elongated and rectangle-shaped, the precoxal groove is shallow, the telotarsus on fore leg is twice the length of fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.05) and with a comb in the claw, the fifth tarsomere proximally is narrow, but it expands distally, the head in dorsal view is rectangular, and the petiole and the median area with the edges clearly distinct.

Male

( Fig. 6 A–K ). The body coloration is darker than females and the antennal flagellomeres are shorter than females.

Etymology.

Alejandro A. Valerio is a Costa Rican entomologist; as a graduate student at UIUC, IL, USA he worked with Parapanteles and Hypomicrogaster ( Microgastrinae) from ACG. Currently, he works at the Central American Institute of Biological Research and Conservation ( CIBRC), Costa Rica.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa (Cafetal and Bosque Humedo), during June-July 1990, June 1993, and June 2004, at 280-290 m in dry forest and coffee plantations.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Periphoba arcaei (Druce) ( Saturniidae , Hemileucinae) feeding on Hymenaea courbaril ( Fabaceae ) and Combretum farinosum ( Combretaceae ). Caterpillars were collected at second and third instar.

Figures

Figure 5. Glyptapanteles alejandrovalerioi sp. nov. female 89 - SRNP- 670 A DHJPAR 0000057 A Habitus B Mesosoma, lateral view C Head, frontal view D, F Mesosoma D Dorsolateral view F Ventrolateral view E T 1 - 3, dorsolateral view G Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view.

Figure 6. Glyptapanteles alejandrovalerioi sp. nov. male 89 - SRNP- 670 A DHJPAR 0000057 A Habitus B, C Head B Lateral view C Dorsal view D, H Mesosoma D Dorsolateral view H Lateral view E Propodeum, T 1 - 3, dorsolateral view F Hind coxa, lateral view G Flagellomeres I, J Wings I Fore J Hind K Metasoma, lateral view.