Torleya nepalica ( Allen & Edmunds, 1963 )

Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Vasanth, M., Sinha, Bikramjit & Jacobus, Luke M., 2021, Overview of Indian Hyrtanellini (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with new species and records from related regions, Zootaxa 4975 (3), pp. 451-482 : 472-473

Torleya nepalica ( Allen & Edmunds, 1963)

( Figs 15–17 )

Ephemerella nepalica Allen & Edmunds, 1963

Ephemerella wahensis Ali, 1971 (junior synonym, Jacobus & McCafferty 2003)

Torleya glareosa Kang & Yang, 1995 (junior synonym, Jacobus et al. 2004)

Serratella tumiforceps Zhou & Su, 1997 (junior synonym, Jacobus et al. 2004)

Torleya arenosa Tong & Dudgeon, 2000 (junior synonym, Jacobus et al. 2004)

Material examined: Holotype, larva, NEPAL, Pelung , 5850’ elev., 17-iv-1957, EI Coher — IN PERC 0064041 [ PERC] . Other material: NEPAL: 2 larvae, Bagmati zone, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, small stream (3 km Northwards of the village Mulcharka ), 27.806097°N, 85.435522°E, h ~ 1800 m a.s.l., 28.ii.2007, Chertoprud M. V . leg.— IN Nepa 3 Tornep [ NMNH NASU] ; 2 larvae, Bagmati Zone, East Rapti River , 27.571631, 84.668756, h— 230 m a.s.l., 27.i.2014, Chertoprud M. V . leg.— IN Nepa 16 Torsp 2 [ NMNH NASU] ; 2 larvae, Bagmati Zone, Dhading District, stream in valley of Malekhu River , 27.742472, 84.807750, h— 564 m a.s.l., 23.i.2014, Chertoprud M. V . leg.— IN Indi 17 Torsp 1 [ NMNH NASU] . INDIA: one larva, Karnataka, Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, Authi , 13.57431°N, 75.12207°E, h ~ 639 m a.s.l., 16.xi.2015, Coll. S. Ramya Roopa — Reg. No. 5351/H13 [ ZSI] ; 1 larva, Meghalaya, East Garo Hills, Upper Rongbu Village , 25.91615°N, 90.83157°E, h ~ 101 m a.s.l., 26.vi.2016, Coll. E. Eyarin Jehamalar — Reg. No. 5340/H13 [ ZSI] ; 7 larvae, INDIA, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Talley Valley , 27.537201°N, 93.959883°E, h ~ 2370 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2015, Coll. K.A. Subramanian — Reg. No. 5610/H13 [ ZSI] ; one larva, Tamil Nadu, Theni, Kurangani stream, 10.083611°N, 77.248611°E, h ~ 1744 m a.s.l., 21.i.2010, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. 5611/H13 [ ZSI] ; one larva, Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, Gundar river , 10.226692°N, 77.451117°E, h ~ 2323 m a.s.l.; 31.iii.2012, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. 5351/H13 [ ZSI] ; 3 larvae, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli District, Papanasam , 8.710278°N, 77.367500°E, h ~ 108 m a.s.l., 18.vii.2009, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. MCDZ /E-52 [ MCDZ]; 1 larva, Karnataka, Nandini hole, 13.389722°N, 77.179722°E, h ~ 640 m a.s.l., 3.v.2013, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. MCDZ /E-53 [ MCDZ]; one larva, Meghalaya, East Jaintia Hills, Umpung village stream, 25.30767°N, 92.63658°E, h ~ 1010 m a.s.l., 12.iii.2016, Coll. E. Eyarin Jehamalar — Reg. No. 5339/ H13 [ ZSI] ; one larva, Nagaland, Intanki National Park, Intanki River , 25.39883°N, 93.30686°E, h ~ 181 m a.s.l., 23.iii.2016, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. 5535/H13 [ ZSI] ; one larva, Nagaland, Intanki National Park, Intanki River , 25.39048°N, 93.31913°E, h ~ 206 m a.s.l., 24.iii.2016, Coll. C. Selvakumar — Reg. No. 5542/H13 [ ZSI] ; one larva (in slide number 633) Uttarakhand, Almora district, 2-nd left tributary of the river Ramganga-left (in Dwarahat forest , 10.1 km North-Eastwards of the Chaukhutia town ), 29.925608°N, 79.445983°E, h ~ 1200 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2011, Palatov D.M. leg.— IN Indi 1 Tornep [ NMNH NASU] .

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Torleya species by the following combination of characters. Larva: (i) maxilla without palp ( Fig. 16G ; fig. 26 in Allen & Edmunds 1963); (ii) head with one pair of distinct protuberances each bearing a few short, stout setae ( Fig. 16B, C ; fig. 21 in Allen & Edmunds 1963); (iii) both prothorax and mesothorax with two pairs of distinct protuberances, all of them and dorsal surface of thorax bearing short and elongated, stout setae ( Fig. 16D ); (iv) dorsal surface of forefemur with transverse row of long, pointed, stout setae; outer margin of forefemur with one chalaza bearing a long, pointed, stout seta ( Fig. 17C ; fig. 20 in Allen & Edmunds 1963); (v) outer margin of middle and hind femora with two or three chalazae each bearing a long, pointed, stout seta, and long, hair-like setae; dorsal surface of middle and hind femora with scattered spatulate, stout setae and long, hair-like setae ( Fig. 17D–F ); (vi) claw with 6–8 denticles, two denticles arranged somewhat separately (subdistal), distinct distal palisade of denticles absent ( Fig. 17G, H ; fig. 22 in Allen & Edmunds 1963); (vii) posterior margins of terga III–IX with submedian protuberances bearing spatulate, stout setae; terga V–VII with the largest protuberances ( Figs 15A, B , 16A , 17A, B ); (viii) gills distinctly elongated, but not covering following gills entirely ( Figs 15B, C , 16I ; fig. 23 in Allen & Edmunds 1963); (ix) distinct abdominal gill chamber absent ( Figs 15B , 17A ; fig. 23 in Allen & Edmunds 1963). Male imago: (x) penis elongated, lobes apically rounded (fig. 5 in Zhou & Su 1997); (xi) dorsal projection of penis protrude beyond the lateral margins of penis shaft (fig. 5 in Zhou & Su 1997) (xii) genital forceps segment II elongated, expanded apically; segment III subovoid (fig. 5 in Zhou & Su 1997).

Distribution. Indomalayan [southern mainland China ( Zhou & Su 1997) including Hong Kong ( Tong & Dudgeon 2000), Taiwan ( Kang & Yang 1995), India (Jacobus et al. 2004, new data), India-China border region (new data), Japan [Okinawa] ( Ishiwata 2018), Malaysia (Jacobus et al. 2004), Nepal ( Allen & Edmunds 1963; Jacobus et al. 2004, new data), Pakistan (Jacobus et al. 2004), Thailand (Jacobus et al. 2004) and Vietnam (Jacobus et al. 2004)].

Remarks. The larvae of this species were described from Nepal by Allen & Edmunds (1963). Adults were described as Torleya tumiforceps from China by Zhou & Su (1997). Discussions of larval and adult variability were provided by Jacobus et al. (2004). The complete mitogenome of this species (as Torleya tumiforceps ) was recently reported by Xu et al. (2020). This species was reported earlier from Karnataka ( India) by Jacobus et al. (2004). Jacobus et al. (2004) reported a wide range of morphological variation for this species, some of which may prove to correlate with geography; it is possible this species represents a cryptic species complex, requiring evaluation of its junior synonyms.

Figures

FIGURE 15. Larva of Torleya nepalica (Allen & Edmunds, 1963). A.—total view of larva; B.—abdomen, dorsal view; C.—gill III.

FIGURE 16. Larva of Torleya nepalica (Allen & Edmunds, 1963). A.—total view of larva; B.—head, dorsal view; C.— protuberance of head with stout setae; D.—thorax, dorsal view; E.—stout setae of dorsal surface of prothorax; F.—labium; G.—maxilla; H.—labrum; I.—gill III. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Larva of Torleya nepalica (Allen & Edmunds, 1963). A.—abdomen, dorsal view; B.—submedian protuberances of tergum VI; C.—fore femur; D.—middle femur; E.—hind femur; F.—stout setae on dorsal surface of hind femur; G, H.— tarsal claws; I.—caudal filaments.