Andinobates bombetes (Myers & Daly, 1980) Brown & Twomey & Amézquita & Souza & Caldwell & Lötters & May & Melo-Sampaio & Mejía-Vargas & Perez-Peña & Pepper & Poelman & Sanchez-Rodriguez & Summers, 2011

Brown, Jason L., Twomey, Evan, Amézquita, Adolfo, Souza, Moisés Barbosa De, Caldwell, Jana- Lee P., Lötters, Stefan, May, Rudolf Von, Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto, Mejía-Vargas, Daniel, Perez-Peña, Pedro, Pepper, Mark, Poelman, Erik H., Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel & Summers, Kyle, 2011, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083, Zootaxa 3083 (1), pp. 1-120 : 36-39

Andinobates bombetes group

Figs. 3 , 4 , 6 (e–r), 7 (a–q), 8

Tables 4 –6

An assemblage of seven species: Andinobates abditus ( Myers & Daly 1976) comb. nov., A. bombetes ( Myers & Daly 1980) comb. nov., A. daleswansoni (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez & Quevedo-Gil 2006) comb. nov., A. dorisswansonae (Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez & Quevedo-Gil 2006) comb. nov., A. opisthomelas ( Boulenger 1899) comb. nov., A. tolimensis ( Bernal-Bautista, Luna-Mora, Gallego & Quevedo-Gil 2007) comb. nov. and A. virolinensis ( Ruiz-Carranza & Ramírez-Pinilla 1992) comb. nov.

Table 6A (continued on next page). Life History Traits. **= we recognise some of the observations may reflect actual deposition strategies, and could in some cases be the result of cannibalism. Black horizontal line depicts different genera.

Table 6B (continued from previous page). Life History Traits.

Definition and diagnosis. SVL 16–19 mm; black to bronze dorsum; conspicuous dorsolateral stripes absent (weak dorsolateral stripes present in A. bombetes ); head brightly spotted or uniformly yellow or red with identically colored labial stripe (except in A. abditus ); white, yellow, orange or red spots in groin (not upper surface of thigh as in Ranitomeya ) and between axilla and upper surfaces of forearms (sometimes extending to elbow); limbs uniformly dark (occasionally dorsal coloration extending to limbs, i.e., some populations of A. opisthomelas ); venter black, either uniform ( A. abditus ), with pale to bright spotting ( A. dorisswansonae , A. opisthomelas and A. tolimensis ), or marbled bluish-white ( A. bombetes , A. virolinensis ); LTRF either 2(2)/3 (known in A. bombetes and A. virolinensis ) or 2(2)/3(1) (known in A. abditus , A. opisthomelas and A. tolimensis ); larvae with medial gap in papillae on posterior labium (known only in A. abditus , A. bombetes , A. opisthomelas , A. virolinensis and A. tolimensis , Table 4); oral disc emarginated. Vocalizations of species in this group characterized as drawn-out buzz or rattle, consisting of notes 0.8–2.3 sec in length, repeated at approximately 6–17 notes per minute ( Fig. 8 , Table 5)

Figures

FIGURE 3. A consensus Bayesian phylogeny based on 1011 base pairs of aligned mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S (12s rRNA), 16S (16s rRNA) and cytb (cytochrome-b gene) regions. Thickened branches represent nodes with posterior probabilities 90 and greater, other values are shown on nodes. Taxon labels depict current specific epithet, number in tree, the epithet being used prior to this revision (contained in parentheses), and the collection locality. A. Top segment. B. Middle segment. C. Bottom segment of phylogeny.

FIGURE 4. Putative species tree for Andinobates, Excidobates, and Ranitomeya. Placement of species where molecular data were lacking (A. altobueyensis, A. viridis, A. abditus, A. daleswansoni and R. opisthomelas) was based on morphology. Andinobates altobueyensis and A. viridis were placed as sister taxa due to the absence of dark pigmentation on dorsal body and limbs and overall similar dorsal coloration and patterning. These species were placed as sister to A. fulguritus (sequenced) on the basis of similar dorsal coloration (bright green to greenish-yellow). Andinobates opisthomelas was placed in the bombetes group in a polytomy with A. bombetes and A. virolinensis (both sequenced) due to their similar advertisement calls and morphology, particularly their red dorsal pattern and marbled venter. Andinobates daleswansoni was placed as sister to A. dorisswansonae due to the absence of a well-defined first toe in both species. Andinobates abditus was placed in the bombetes group based on a larval synapomorphy which appears to be diagnostic of that group (wide medial gap in the papillae on the posterior labium). However, A. abditus was placed as the sister species to all other members of the bombetes group due to the absence of bright dorsal coloration and isolated geographic distribution. Andinobates abditus is currently the only species of its genus known to occur in the east-Andean versant, thus its placement remains speculative until molecular data become available. Photo credits: Thomas Ostrowski, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Victor Luna-Mora, Giovanni Chaves-Portilla.

FIGURE 6. Andinobates Plate 2. fulguritus group: A–D: Andinobates fulguritus (all from Risaralda, Colombia. photos DMV). bombetes group: E: Andinobates abditus type locality (photo W.E. Duellman). F–I: Andinobates daleswansoni and habitat (photos J. Mejía-Vargas); F & G: from type locality; H: type locality habitat; I: overview of habitat – human encroachment continues to threaten the habitat of this species. J–M: Andinobates dorisswansonae from Tolima, Colombia (photos DMV and T. Ostrowski). N–P: Andinobates tolimense from Tolima, Colombia (photos V. Mora-Luna). Q–R: Andinobates sp. aff. tolimense from Supatá, Colombia (photos G. Chaves-Portilla and T. Ostrowski).

FIGURE 8. Advertisement calls for species of Andinobates. A. Andinobates bombetes from Bosque Yotoco, Valle del Cauca, Colombia (type locality), recorded at 18-20° C; B. Andinobates claudiae from Isla Colón, Panama, recorded at 25° C (call courtesy Thomas Ostrowski); C. Andinobates fulguritus from Itauri, Colombia, unknown temperature; D. Andinobates fulguritus from Kuna Yala, Panama, recorded in captivity at 24° C (call courtesy T. Ostrowski); E. Andinobates dorisswansonae from “El Estadero”, Caldas, Colombia (type locality), recorded at 19-20° C; F. Andinobates minutus, unknown locality or temperature; G. Andinobates opisthomelas from Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia, unknown temperature.