Philonthus samoensis, Bernhauer, 1922

Taphylininae, Iochini, Aorothiini, Thiini, Latyprosopini, Taphylinini, Mblyopinina, Nisolinina, Yptiomina, Hilonthina & Herman, Lee H., 2001, Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2441 (265), pp. 2435-3021 : 2951-2954

samoensis Bernhauer, 1922 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

sanamus Tottenham, 1955: 163 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; replacement name for nitidicollis Klug. Also cited from South Africa and Rhodesia).

— Tottenham, 1956: 227 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Ruanda).

— Byrne, 1993 ( Philonthus ; egg, larval, pupal, and adult characters; South Africa).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonymy).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Rwanda.

nitidicollis Klug, 1855: 644 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Mossambique: Sena).

— Fauvel, 1891: 115 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

placatus Tottenham, 1955: 163 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; form of sanamus ;

Type locality: Not cited).

klugi Bordoni, 1984: 344 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for nitidicollis Klug ).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanamus ).

sanguineus Fauvel, 1907: 46 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Meru ; Ikutha; Natal; Senegal;

Sierra Leone; Congo).

— Eichelbaum, 1913: 130 ( Philonthus ; Tanzania).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1915n: 319 ( Philonthus ; German Southwest Africa).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 347 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Cameron, 1952e: 832 ( Philonthus ; Dahomey).

— Tottenham, 1961: 204, 209 ( Philonthus ; notes; Senegal).

— Tottenham, 1962: 139 ( Philonthus ; Tanganyika).

— Scheerpeltz, 1974c: 24 ( Philonthus ; Sudan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Benin, Congo, Sudan, Tanzania.

sanguinicollis Fauvel, 1877 , see: subcingulatus W. J. MacLeay, 1873 .

sanguinipennis Quedenfeldt, 1882: 182 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Marocco: flumen Tenfift prope urbem Marocco; Urica in monte Atlante).

— Quedenfeldt, 1884: 373 ( Philonthus ; characters; Morocco).

— Fauvel, 1886: 55 [= 1886a: 47] ( Philonthus ; notes; Morocco).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 110 ( Philonthus ; Morocco; Algeria).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 417 ( Philonthus ; characters; Morocco; Algeria).

— Coiffait, 1974: 216 ( Philonthus ; characters; Algeria; Morocco).

— Maachi, 1991: 250 ( Philonthus ; Morocco).

- DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, Algeria.

sanguinipennis Reitter, 1898 , see: eriwanensis Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914 .

sanguinithorax Scheerpeltz, 1965: 211 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Burma: Rangoon).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

sanguinolentus Gravenhorst, 1802: 36 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Not cited, but presumably Brunsvigae; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]).

— Latreille, 1804: 320 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 64 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany; France).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 338 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 326 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 30 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 444 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden).

— Stephens, 1832: 238 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Runde, 1835: 8 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 399 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 97 ( Philonthus ; Europe).

— Holme, 1837: 63 ( Philonthus ; Scilly Islands).

— Erichson, 1839a: 464 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 265 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Stephens, 1839: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 467 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Laporte, 1840: 178 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 698 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 704 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Küster, 1854: 8 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Hardy, 1851: 29 ( Philonthus ; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 525 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 600 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 194 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Thomson, 1860: 161 ( Philonthus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Fauvel, 1874: 225 [= 1874a: 451] ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Algeria).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 213 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 276 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 464 [= 1877: 320] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 19 ( Philonthus ; Finland).

— Fauvel, 1878: 123 [= 1878a: 43] ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Fauvel, 1886: 54 [= 1886a: 46] ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Fowler, 1888: 272 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 452 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Mediterranean region).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 109 ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Reitter, 1909: 129 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 407 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Portevin, 1929: 362 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Paulian, 1941: 227 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 66 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1958: 177 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 155 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Palm, 1963b: 83 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 181 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Horion, 1965: 153 ( Philonthus ; Algeria; Siberia; Scotland; Lapland; Russia; Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Bosnia; Croatia; Germany; Austria).

— Pototskaia, 1966: 156 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 57 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 417 ( Philonthus ; characters; Siberia).

— Raianu, 1968a: 464 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 729 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Coiffait, 1974: 208 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Britain; Scandinavia; Siberia; Armenia; north Africa).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 292 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Hinton, 1981: 661 ( Philonthus ; characters of egg).

— Frank, 1982: 43 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Tóth, 1984: 65 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden). — Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia). — Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy). — Smetana, 1995e: 251 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation; characters; British Columbia; Idaho; Oregon; Washington). — Kashcheev, 1999a: 57 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan). - DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Europe, Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Canada, USA.

contaminatus Gravenhorst, 1802: 174 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Brunsvigae; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]). — Latreille, 1804: 325 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany). — Gravenhorst, 1806: 64 ( Staphylinus ; variety of sanguinolentus Gravenhorst ). — Runde, 1835: 9 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany). — Erichson, 1840: 467 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Redtenbacher, 1849: 704 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Küster, 1854: 8 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Kraatz, 1857d: 600 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Fauvel, 1874: 226 [= 1874a: 452] ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Ganglbauer, 1895: 452 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1958: 178 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Coiffait, 1974: 209 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1995e: 251 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation; synonym of sanguinolentus ).

aciculatus Stephens, 1832: 238 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: London). — Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain). — Stephens, 1839: 397 ( Philonthus ; characters; England). — Hardy, 1851: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varians ). — G. Waterhouse, 1858: 25 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Tottenham, 1937a: 190 ( Philonthus ; according to the description by Stephens the species may have been varians but the specimens labelled as types in the collection are sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1958: 178 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1959: 155 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters). — Coiffait, 1967a: 417 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters). — Coiffait, 1974: 209 ( Philonthus ; variety of sanguinolentus ). — Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1995e: 251 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Hodge and Jones, 1995: 40 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters; Britain).

unicolor Seidlitz, 1875: 276 ( Philonthus ; variety of sanguinolentus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Not cited). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1359 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1958: 178 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1959: 155 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters). — Coiffait, 1967a: 417 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters). — Coiffait, 1974: 209 ( Philonthus ; variety of sanguinolentus ). — Tóth, 1984: 65 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1995e: 251 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ).

ater Ragusa, 1892: 167 ( Philonthus ; variety of sanguinolentus ; Type locality: Sicilia: Palermo). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1958: 178 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Coiffait, 1974: 209 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ). — Smetana, 1995e: 252 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ).

suturamonus Tottenham, 1939a: 201 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5)]; cited from England: Bagley Wood).

— Smetana, 1959: 155 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1958: 178 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 417 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1974: 209 ( Philonthus ; variety of sanguinolentus ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 252 ( Philonthus ; synonym of sanguinolentus ).

— Hodge and Jones, 1995: 40 ( Philonthus ; aberration of sanguinolentus ; characters; Britain). sanguinosus Fauvel, 1889b: 265 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Marais de l’Anse Vata).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 271 ( Philonthus ; synonym of thermarum ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Caledonia.

saphyreus Schillhammer, 2000: 149 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: China: Sichuan: Daxue Shan, Hailuogou Glacier Park [ Gongga Shan ] Camp , 2100 m, 29.38N, 102.04E).

- DISTRIBUTION: China.

sarawakensis Bernhauer, 1915f: 141 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sarawak: Mt. Matang ,

1000 Fuss).

— Cameron, 1930b: 162 ( Philonthus ; British North Borneo).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1937: 5 ( Philonthus ; Java).

- DISTRIBUTION: Borneo, Indonesia.

satanus Cameron, 1942b: 327 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Chyulu Hills, altitude 5200 feet).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.

saxatilis Schrank, 1781 , see: nitidus Fabricius, 1787 .

scansor Gistel, 1857: 70 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Tyrolis).

- DISTRIBUTION: Austria.

schaeuffelei Scheerpeltz, 1961: 25 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Iran: Khuzistan , Shadegan).

— Coiffait, 1974: 296 ( Philonthus ; cited as schaeuffeli; characters; Iran).

— Coiffait, 1981b: 236 ( Philonthus ; cited as schaeuffeli; Saudi Arabia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Iran, Saudi Arabia.

schawalleri Coiffait, 1982: 62 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Inde: Cachemire , Sonamarg, Himalaya-Hauptkette, 3000 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

schoutedeni Bernhauer, 1928 g: 115 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Belgisch-Kongo: Mongende). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 300 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthoblerius ; characters; Belgian Congo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

schroederi Eichelbaum, 1912: 174 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Parehberge, 1100 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1360 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

schwarzi Horn, 1884: 201 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Cambridge, Massachusetts; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]. Originally cited from Massachusetts; Detroit).

— Blatchley, 1910: 385 ( Philonthus ; characters; Indiana).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 421 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Cambr. [presumably Cambridge , Massachusetts]; characters; notes; Manitoba; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Ontario; Quebec; Colorado; Connecticut; Illinois; Indiana; Maine; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Montana; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania; Vermont; Wisconsin) .

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 379 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.