Salvia miltiorrhiza subsp. root

Chen, Haimin, Chen, Jialing, Qi, Yao, Chu, Siyuan, Ma, Yao, Xu, Linna, Lv, Shiyi, Zhang, Haihua, Yang, Dongfeng, Zhu, Yonghong, Mans, Dennis Ra. & Liang, Zongsuo, 2022, Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF 11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots, Phytochemistry (113021) 194, pp. 1-10 : 3

2.2. Colonization of S. miltiorrhiza root by DF11

Eight weeks after DF11 inoculation, DF11 had colonized the root tissues of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings to form a stable symbiotic relationship with the host plant. The main roots of DF11-inoculated seedlings were obviously thicker, bright red and had fewer lateral roots, while the plantlets were more robust. In contrast, the control roots were longer and thinner, with more fibrous roots, their main roots were not obvious, and their colour did not change obviously ( Fig. 3 ). Healthy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were taken to prepare paraffin sections, and then immunofluorescence staining was carried out to observe the colonization and distribution of strain DF 11 in the root tissue. The DF11 hyphae (red triangle marker) were mainly distributed in the intercellular spaces or cell wall surface of root tissue. A few mycelia could enter the cells, while the host cell contour was still clear ( Fig. 4 ). This means that strain DF11 could grow and propagate in the intercellular space of root tissue, while some hyphae could enter the cells and form a stable companion relationship.

Figures

Fig. 3. Root phenotypes of S. miltiorrhiza seedlings 8 weeks after strain DF11 inocculation. (a)the control group inoculated with PDA liquid, (b) the treatment group inoculated with DF11 fungal suspension, (c) and (d) Red boxed areas of (a) and (b) are enlarged in (c) and (d) respectively. Scale bar = 1.0 cm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4. The colonization of DF11 in the root of aseptic seedling of S. miltiorrhiza after immunofluorescence staining (8 weeks). Magnify 400x; Green: ConA-FITC; Blue: DAPI. Control: PDA sterile liquid medium. Red arrow: DF11 is located within the root cell; Red triangle: DF11 is located in the root cell space. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)