Paratemnoides parvus Hou, Zhao & Zhang, 2024

Hou, Yanmeng, Zhao, Lingchen & Zhang, Feng, 2024, Five new species of the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 124585-e 124585 : e124585-

Paratemnoides parvus Hou, Zhao & Zhang sp. nov.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 3248D9E3-FADC-5225-B70E-2722132E534A; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides parvus ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081301

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 46B7C7EA-9482-5E8B-9205-063B681D382A; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides parvus ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081347 –48

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yannan Mu; individualCount: 12; sex: 12 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 0A6DF39C-89A3-50AA-8797-C923EB352E00; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides parvus ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden ; verbatimElevation: 567 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21 ° 55.416 ′ N, 101 ° 16.097 ′ E; Event: year: 2019; month: 8; day: 13; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-YNML 19081349 –60

Description

Males (holotype and paratypes) (Fig. 4 A, Fig. 5 A – D, F – I, Fig. 6 A – C, E – H and J – M). Colour: pedipalps reddish-brown, remainder yellowish-brown, but paler in posterior half of carapace.

Carapace (Figs 5 , 6 A): 1.13–1.17 × longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with seven or eight setae, 41–42 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 6 B – C and E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; bs shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one slightly curved galeal seta; bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute. Fixed finger with four or five large retrorse teeth and three small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly dentated subapical lobe and two or three small sub-terminal teeth; galea present, shorter and with two small terminal branchlets and two small lateral dentations (Fig. 6 C). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 22–26 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 6 E).

Pedipalp (Fig. 5 B – D and Fig. 6 F – G): stout, trochanter 1.34–1.39 ×, femur 2.11–2.36 ×, patella 1.74–1.84 ×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.54–2.66 × (2.43–2.52 ×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.66–1.68 × (1.46–1.47 ×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.65–0.71 × (0.74–0.82 ×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.40–0.45 × (0.43–0.48 ×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Only prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist slightly proximal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb further from that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 6 G). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 32–34 teeth; movable chelal finger with 41–42 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 6 G). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 5 B and Fig. 6 G).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long, acuminate and biseriate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I – Ⅱ and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 8: 8: 3–4: 5–5: 6–7: 5–7: 5–6: 5–6: 5–6: 5–6 + (4 T): 13 (2 T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 4–4: 7–8: 5–8: 5–7: 6–8: 6–8: 4–6 (4 T): 11 (4 T). Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with eight or nine setae on each side, posterior margin with seven setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 5 F, Fig. 6 H and J): lateral apodemes (a) relatively small; the hooked branch (br) well-developed, bowed distally and terminated in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a nearly pale sclerotised bar (c), distinctly curved; the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) vestigial; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) short and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.

Legs (Fig. 5 G – I and Fig. 6 K – M): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.68–2.69 × longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.06 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.17–3.25 × longer than deep (TS = 0.15–0.16); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Adult females (Fig. 4 B, Fig. 5 E and Fig. 6 I): Mostly same as the males, but a little smaller and darker. Chelicera: hand with four setae; galea with six branchlets; serrula exterior with 22–23 blades. Pedipalps: stout, trochanter 1.54, femur 2.23–2.29, patella 1.87–1.90, chela (with pedicel) 2.71–2.75, chela (without pedicel) 2.55–2.57, hand (without pedicel) 1.51 × longer than broad, movable chelal finger 0.71–0.75 × longer than hand without pedicel; dorsal tubercle on trochanter not as well developed as that of males. Opisthosoma: tergites I – Ⅲ and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 8: 8: 9: 10–12: 12–13: 6–8: 6–8: 6–8: 6–7: 5–7 (4 T): 10–11 (2 T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV – XI: 4–5: 8–9: 6–9: 6–7: 5–9: 6–8: 5–6 (4 T): 10–11 (4 T). Female genitalia: simple, spermathecae provided with separated median cribriform plates; anterior genital operculum with ten setae, posterior margin with nine setae; with two or three lyrifissures on both operculums. Legs: femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.68 × longer than deep; tibia 2.95–3.00 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.23 × longer than deep.

Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males (females in parentheses): body length 3.39–3.49 (3.17–3.26). Carapace 0.81 / 0.72–0.69 (0.84–0.85 / 0.77 – 0.78). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.39 / 0.28–0.29 (0.43 / 0.28), femur 0.73–0.78 / 0.32 – 0.33 (0.78–0.80 / 0.35), patella 0.66–0.70 / 0.37 – 0.38 (0.73–0.74 / 0.39), chela (with pedicel) 1.26–1.33 / 0.47 – 0.50 (1.38–1.40 / 0.51), chela (without pedicel) 1.19–1.26 (1.30–1.31), hand (with pedicel) 0.76–0.81 (0.70), hand (without pedicel) 0.69–0.74 (0.77), movable finger length 0.51–0.60 (0.55–0.58). Leg I: trochanter 0.15–0.19 / 0.14 (0.16–0.17 / 0.15), femur 0.24–0.26 / 0.18 – 0.22 (0.25–0.27 / 0.20), patella 0.39–0.42 / 0.17 – 0.19 (0.44 / 0.20), tibia 0.35–0.39 / 0.12 – 0.13 (0.40–0.41 / 0.13), tarsus 0.33 / 0.09–0.10 (0.34–0.35 / 0.09). Leg IV: trochanter 0.28–0.30 / 0.16 – 0.17 (0.31–0.33 / 0.21), femoropatella 0.83–0.86 / 0.31 – 0.32 (0.91 / 0.34), tibia 0.54–0.55 / 0.18 (0.59–0.60 / 0.20), tarsus 0.38–0.39 / 0.12 (0.42 / 0.13).

Diagnosis

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): with smaller body size (3.39–3.49 (♂) mm, 3.17–3.26 (♀) mm); anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half; with two distinct eyespots; palpal femur 2.28–2.36 (♂), 2.23–2.29 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 (♂), 2.71–2.75 (♀) × longer than broad, chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52 (♂), 2.55–2.57 (♀) × longer than broad; prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb; galea simple, short and simple branch.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective parvus (- a, - um), meaning small and referring to the characters of smaller body size.

Distribution

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 16 ).

Taxon discussion

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. is similar to P. guangdongensis sp. nov., but differs by stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.54–2.66 × vs. 2.73 × longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 54–56).

Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (7–8 vs. 6), the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 21) and slightly stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel 1.62 × vs. 1.88 × longer than broad, length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.94 mm); from P. borneoensis by smaller body size and the slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus by the arrangement of trichobothria (e. g. distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. shorter than that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 × vs. 2.19 × longer than broad, length 1.26–1.33 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. indicus by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 4.02 mm, (♀) 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.23–2.29 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad, length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.72 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent); from P. japonicus by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 18) and larger body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. body length 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal femur 2.28–2.36 × vs. 2.40 × longer than broad, length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.81 mm); from P. laosanus by smaller body length (♂ ♀) (3.17–3.49 mm vs. 3.50–4.00 mm) and stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52 × vs. 2.20–2.30 × longer than broad; hand with pedicel 1.62 × vs. 1.70–1.80 × longer than broad, length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.95 mm); from P. mahnerti by the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus by smaller body size (♀) (e. g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.30 mm) and slender chela (♀) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.71–2.75 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad); from P. philippinus by slightly smaller body size and stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel length 0.76–0.81 mm vs. 0.90 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. without eyespots); from P. plebejus by smaller body size (♀) (e. g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.00– 5.70 mm; palpal femur 2.23–2.29 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki by smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. body length 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.55–0.58 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.11–2.36 × vs. 1.94–2.00 × longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 48–50); from P. redikorzevi by the number of serrula exterior blades (22–26 vs. 20) and slightly larger body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.23–2.29 × vs. 2.18–2.19 × longer than broad, length 0.78–0.80 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm); from P. robustus by smaller body length (e. g. body length (♂) 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 3.80 mm, (♀) 3.17–3.26 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.51–0.60 mm vs. 0.66 mm) and stouter leg IV (e. g. femoropatella 2.68–2.69 × vs. 2.40 × longer than deep; tibia 3.00–3.06 × vs. 3.30 × longer than deep); from P. salomonis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), slightly smaller body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.28–2.36 × vs. 2.10 × longer than broad, length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.43–2.52 × vs. 2.40 × longer than broad); from P. sinensis by smaller body size (e. g. palpal patella (♂) 1.78–1.84 × vs. 1.90 × longer than broad, length 0.66–0.70 mm vs. 0.74–0.80 mm; tibia of leg IV (♂) 3.00–3.06 × vs. 3.20 × longer than deep) and the arrangement of trichobothria (distance between est and esb further than that of ist and isb vs. nearly equal to that of ist and isb); from P. sumatranus by larger body size (♂) (e. g. body length 3.39–3.49 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.73–0.78 mm vs. 0.61 mm; chela with pedicel 2.66–2.68 × vs. 2.80–2.90 × longer than broad; movable chelal finger length 0.51–0.60 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.54–2.66 × vs. 2.83 × longer than broad) and fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 46); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by fewer movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (41–42 vs. 46–48) and relative position of trichobothrium ist (i. e. ist situated basal to est vs. distal to to est) ( With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935 a, Beier 1935 b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Figures

Figure 4. Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 5. Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov., holotype male (A – D, F – I), paratype female (E) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelal fingers (lateral view); C left chela (lateral view); D left pedipalp (dorsal view); E female genital area (ventral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view); H left leg I (lateral view); I left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (D, I); 0.20 mm (A – C, E – H).

Figure 6. Paratemnoides parvus sp. nov., holotype male (A – C, E – H, J – M), paratype female (D, I) A carapace (dorsal view); B left chelicera (dorsal view); C male galea; D female galea; E rallum; F left pedipalp (dorsal view); G left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; H male genital area (ventral view); I female genital area (ventral view); J male genital organ; K left leg I (lateral view); L left leg IV (lateral view); M tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (F); 0.50 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B, G, J); 0.20 mm (H, I, K – M); 0.10 mm (C – E).

Figure 16. Type localities of Paratemnoides species in China.