Euselasia eugeon ( Hewitson, 1856 )

Santos, Fabio Luis Dos, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2014, Taxonomic notes on some species of Euselasia Hübner, [1819] from the " Uriiformes " group, with the description of the immature stages of Euselasia satyroides Lathy, 1926, stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Euselasiinae), Zootaxa 3869 (5), pp. 501-522 : 506-508

Euselasia eugeon ( Hewitson, 1856)

( Figs 5–8 , 19–20 )

Eurygona eugeon Hewitson, 1856 . pl. [60] Eurygona 7, fig. 62 (male ventral).— Ménétriés, 1857. p. 80.— Herrich-Schäffer, 1867. p. 123.— Kirby, 1879. p. 188.

Eurygona eugaeon [sic]; Bates, 1868. p. 424.— Sharpe, 1890. p. 571.

Euselasia eugeon ; Kirby, 1871. p. 298.— Mengel, 1905. pp. 37, 134.— Weeks, 1905. pp. 18, 110.— Seitz, 1916. pp. 617, 628.—Seitz, [1918]. p. 732—Seitz, 1924. p. 1087—Seitz, 1924. p. 1091; syn.: geon —Seitz, 1924. p. 1141; syn.: geon — Stichel, 1925. p. 264.— Hering & Hopp, 1925. p. 195.—d’Almeida, 1937. p. 264.— Lamas, 1994. p. 167.—D’Abrera, 1994. p. 895 (male dorsal, ventral, female dorsal).—Lamas et al. 1996. p.66.—Robbins et al., 1996. p. 234.— Brévignon & Gallard, 1997. p. 270, 272, 274—275.— Callaghan & Lamas, 2004. p. 143.— Garwood et al., 2009. p. 62, fig. [2] (male live).

Euselasia geon Seitz, 1913 . pl. 122f [4, 5] (male dorsal, ventral).— Stichel, 1919. p. 305.— Stichel, 1927. p. 390.— Stichel, 1928. p. 270, fig. 171 (male ventral).— Stichel, 1930. p. 184.— Stichel, 1935. p. 100.— Callaghan & Lamas, 2004. p. 143; syn. rev.

Euselasia eugeon (?) [sic]; Emmel & Austin, 1990. p. 8.

Diagnosis. This species is most likely to be confused with E. brevicauda . Most specimens of E. eugeon can be readily distinguished from every other species in the “Uriiformes” group by a distinctive spot at the end of the discal cell, resulting from an enlargement of the post discal band on the underside of the forewing. Euselasia eugeon can be further distinguished from E. brevicauda by the shape of the outer margin of the forewing, which is almost straight in E. eugeon , while convex in E. brevicauda ; the apex, somewhat angled; by the oblique post discal band in the underside of the forewing; the strongly irregular and curved post discal band in the underside of the hind wing; the appendix angularis, which is wider and partially covers the gnathos; the valva, which is slightly curved dorsally and inwards in the distal part in E. brevicauda , and strongly curved dorsally and inwards in the distal part in E. eugeon ; and the longer signa of the female genitalia in E. eugeon .

Taxonomic comments. Hewitson (1856) described E. eugeon from an unknown number of specimens from the “Amazon” in his and W. W. Saunders collections. Kirby (1879) found five specimens identified as E. eugeon in Hewitson’s collection, from Pará, Brazil, Cayenne, French Guiana, and Ecuador. Dayana Bonfantti (pers. comm.) found three out of the five specimens cited by Kirby (1879) at the BMNH: a male and a female from Pará, Brazil, and one male from Ecuador. The unidentified female of Euselasia considered closely related to E. eugeon by Bönninghausen (1901: 10) and cited by Zikán (1928: 7) is in fact the female of E. thucydides . To secure the identity of E. eugeon we designate as the lectotype of Eurygona eugeon Hewitson, 1856 the male specimen from Pará, Brazil (ICZN 1999; Art. 74.7.), also figured by Warren et al. (2013) and misleadingly indicated as holotype at the BMHN. This specimen is not exactly identical to the illustration provided by Hewitson (1856: pl. 60, fig. 62) and is labeled “Pará” instead of “Amazon”, however, Hewitson’s illustrations are frequently inaccurate and his concept of “Amazon” was very loose and certainly included the Brazilian state of Pará.

As first noted by Stichel (1919), E. geon was unintentionally described by Seitz (1913) through a printing error on the plate 122f [4, 5] (Seitz 1913). Seitz mentioned the name “ E. eugeon ” several times in different parts of the “ Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde ” ( Seitz 1916: 617; 1916: 628; [1918]: 732; 1924: 1087), not addressing to that error. Only after 1924 Seitz recognized that E. eugeon and E. geon are the same species (Seitz 1924: 1091), and that the label in the plate 122f [4, 5] was a printing error (Seitz 1924: 1141). However, Stichel (1919) recognized the specimen illustrated by Seitz (1913) in the plate 122f [5] as a different species, and since there was not any direct or indirect evidence by then that the label in Seitz’s (1913) plate was an error, Stichel (1919) accepted and correctly attributed the name E. geon to Seitz (1913). Only eleven years later Seitz (1924: 1091, 1141) offered evidence that “ geon ” was an incorrect spelling of “ eugeon ”, but Stichel (1919) had already accepted E. geon as an available and valid name. Therefore, the article 32.5.1. of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) is inapplicable. Stichel (1919) had in his possession for comparison specimens of what he called “ E. geon ” from Pará, Brazil, and listed a number of constant differences in the external morphology and male genitalia between what he called “ E. geon ” and “ E. eugeon ”. These differences were further detailed and illustrated in his revision of the “Neomibiidae” ( Stichel 1928). However, the identification of what Stichel (1919; 1927; 1928; 1930; 1935) called “ E. eugeon ” probably was based in the inaccurate illustration presented by Hewitson (1856), and the illustration presented by Staudinger (1887), which in fact represents E. brevicauda . Although Stichel (1919) correctly recognized the existence of two different species, the names E. eugeon and E. geon are subjective synonyms. This is confirmed by examination of the types and specimens probably examined by Hewitson (1856) and Seitz (1913). Clearly, Stichel (1919; 1927; 1928; 1930; 1935) applied the valid name E. eugeon to another species, undescribed by that time and described later by Lathy (1926) as E. brevicauda . This supposition is further corroborated by the fact that E. brevicauda was promptly considered a synonym of E. eugeon by Stichel (1927; 1928; 1930). D’Abrera (1994) acknowledged that he did not know E. geon , which indicates that he did not find any specimens identified as E. geon at the BMNH. Probably there are specimens of E. eugeon misidentified as E. geon and/or mixed with E. brevicauda in many collections elsewhere, as E. eugeon is sympatric with and more common than E. brevicauda . To ensure future nomenclatural stability, we designate as the lectotype of E. geon a specimen taken from the series examined by Seitz (1913) likely used to prepare the illustrations on the plate 122f, fig. [5] (G. Lamas, pers. comm.) (ICZN 1999; Art. 74.7.). The lectotype, from Pará, Brazil, agrees perfectly with both Seitz’s (1913) plate and Stichel’s (1919; 1928) descriptions and photographs, and is illustrated by Warren et al. (2013).

Distribution. Widespread in forest areas of the Amazon basin, under 500m of altitude; most of the examined specimens are from the northeastern region of the Amazon. Records of E. eugeon in the Atlantic forest in localities such as Argentina, Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (e.g. Seitz 1916; Biezanko et al. 1979), most likely represents E. satyroides (see taxonomic comments under E. satyroides ).

Type material. The lectotype of Eurygona eugeon Hewitson, 1856 , here designated, has the following labels: / LECTOTYPUS / LECTOTYPE Euselasia eugeon Hewitson, 1856 Dias, Dolibaina, Santos, Leite, Mielke & Casagrande, 2013 / Type HT/ B.M. TYPE No.Rh 1192/ Hewitson Coll. 79–69. Eurygona eugeon Para [Pará, Brazil]/ ( BMNH).

The lectotype of Euselasia geon Seitz, 1913 , here designated, has the following labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Tapajóz [river, Pará, Brazil]/ LECTOTYPE ♂ Euselasia geon Seitz, 1913 By G. Lamas 2000 [unpublished]/ LECTOTYPE Euselasia geon Seitz, 1913 Dias, Dolibaina, Santos, Leite, Mielke & Casagrande, 2013 / ( SMF). The characteristic lectotype labels will be sent to the curators of the collections.

Examined material. BRAZIL— Acre: Mâncio Lima —Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Porção Norte, 7º26’50”S 73º39’52”W, 10–21-IX-2011, 200– 400 m, 2 males, D. Dolibaina & D. Moura leg., DZ 26.797*, DZ 23.488* ( DZUP); Senador Guimard —Reserva Catuaba, 10º4’27”S 67º37’17”W, 27-VIII-5-IX- 2011, 200 m, 1 male, D. Dolibaina & D. Moura leg., DZ 23.398 ( DZUP). Amazonas: Manaus —47 Km NO, Reserva ZF2, 2º35’S 60º12’W, 17–20- VIII-2010, 5 males and 1 female, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 26.820*, DZ 23.438, DZ 23.458, DZ 23.358, DZ 23.468, DZ 23.378 ( DZUP), Reserva Ducke, 3- IX-1987, 4 males and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.782* ( DZUP), 2º53’S 59º57’W, 10–13- VIII-2010, 10 males and 1 female, Dias & Bonfantti leg. DZ 26.786*, DZ 26.811*, DZ 23.029, DZ 23.069, DZ 23.368, DZ 22.999, DZ 23.039, DZ 22.989, DZ 23.428, DZ 23.338, DZ 23.528 ( DZUP); Presidente Figueiredo —Estrada de Balbina Km 24, 2º02’S 59º48W, 28–29- VIII- 2010, 3 males, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 23.388, DZ 23.318, DZ 23.049 ( DZUP). Maranhão: Açailândia, 26- VIII-1974, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 23.308 ( DZUP). Pará: Acará —Alça Viária Km 18, 5m, 20- VII-2007, 1 male and 1female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.755*, DZ 23.019 ( DZUP); Belém, 20 m, I-1984, 1 male, V. O. Becker leg., OM 64.746 (OM), Utinga, 4–6- VIII-1992, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., OM 29.860 (OM); Óbidos, no date, 1 male, DZ 23.328 ( DZUP); 1- VIII-1982, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 23.059 ( DZUP), 4- VIII-1982, 1 male, H. Miers leg., OM 67.778 (OM); Oriximiná —Rio Cuminá, Cachoeira do Mel, 9- IX-1936, 1 male, d’Almeida leg. ( DZUP); Rio Cuminá, Cachoeira do Breu, 14- IX-1936, 1 male, d’Almeida leg., DZ 23.348 ( DZUP), 22- IX-1936, 2 females, d’Almeida leg., DZ 23.508, DZ 23.518 ( DZUP), 25- IX-1936, 1 male, d’Almeida leg., DZ 22.979 ( DZUP), 26- IX-1936, 1 female, d’Almeida leg., DZ 23.498* ( DZUP); Paragominas —Água Azul, 16- VIII-1974, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 23.009 ( DZUP); Santarém, 6- VIII-1982, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 23.408 ( DZUP); no locality, 1958, 1 male, Spring leg., DZ 23.478 ( DZUP). Rondônia: Ariquemes, 5- X-1987, 1 male, C. Mielke & Miers leg., OM 61.837 (OM), Linha 105 Km, 50Km N Ariquemes, 10–22- VII-1991, 1 male, C. Mielke & Miers leg., OM 61.536 (OM), Linha 25, 10–20- VII-1989, 2 males, Mielke & Miers leg., OM 61.753, OM 61.816 (OM); Cacaulândia, 11- VII-1986, 1 male, H. Miers leg., OM 67.142 (OM), Fazenda Rancho Grande, 27–28- VII- 1991, 1 male, C. Mielke & Miers leg., OM 61.494 (OM), 19- XI-1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 27.293 (OM), 20, XI-1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 28.065 (OM), 21- XI-1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 27.690 (OM); Ouro Preto d’Oeste, 16–22- IX-1987, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 23.418 ( DZUP). ECUADOR— Morona-Santiago: Macas, XI- 2011, 1 male, no collector, OM 73.377* (OM).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 16. Habitus of species of Euselasia Hübner, [1819] belonging to the " Uriiformes " group. 1 – 4. E. brevicauda. 1 – 2. Male dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Acre, Xapuri). 3 – 4. Female dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Rondônia, Ariquemes). 5 – 8. E. eugeon. 5 – 6. Male dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo). 7 – 8 Female dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Pará, Óbidos). 9 – 12. E. satyroides, stat. rev. 9 – 10. Male dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Catuípe). 11 – 12 Female dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Catuípe). 13 – 14. E. modesta, male dorsal and ventral (French Guiana, Saint- Laurent-du-Maroni, Saül). 15 – 16. E. uria, male dorsal and ventral (Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus). Arrowheads indicate characters cited in the taxonomic key. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 17 – 22. Genitalia of species of Euselasia Hübner, [1819] belonging to the " Uriiformes " group. 17 – 18. E. brevicauda. 17. Male genitalia, lateral. 18. Female genitalia, ventral. 19 – 20. E. eugeon. 19. Male genitalia, lateral. 20. Female genitalia, ventral. 21 – 22. E. satyroides, stat. rev. 21. Male genitalia, lateral. 22. Female genitalia, ventral.