Eumenes coarctatus lunulatus Fabricius, 1804

van Achterberg, Cornelis, Smit, John T. & Ljubomirov, Toshko, 2023, Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species, ZooKeys 1143, pp. 93-163 : 93

Eumenes coarctatus lunulatus Fabricius, 1804

Figs 22-30 , 31-39

Eumenes lunulata Fabricius, 1804: 290; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes lunulatus ; Tobias and Kurzenko 1978: 161.

Eumenes (Eumenes) lunulatus lunulatus ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 127 (literature before 1972); Castro 1992: 24-25, 1997: 4.

Eumenes lunulatus lunulatus ; Gusenleitner 1972: 78-79; Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995: 7; Castro and Sanza 2009: 265 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes coarctatus lunulatus ; Gusenleitner 1999: 565, 567, 570, 2013: 26; Schmid-Egger 2011: 44; Borsato and Turrisi 2004: 143.

Eumenes pomiformis ordubadensis Blüthgen, 1938: 493; Gusenleitner 1972: 80; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes (Eumenes) lunulatus ordubadensis ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 129 (literature before 1972).

Eumenes lunulatus ordubadensis ; Gusenleitner 1972: 80.

Eumenes coarctatus ordubadensis ; Gusenleitner 1999: 569, 2013: 26.

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus ordubadensis ; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Eumenes pomiformis limissicus Blüthgen, 1938: 493; Fateryga 2017: 181 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ).

Eumenes lunulatus limissicus ; Gusenleitner 1970: 163, 1972: 80-81.

Eumenes (Eumenes) lunulatus limissicus ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 128.

Eumenes coarctatus limissicus ; Gusenleitner 1999: 569, 2013: 26.

Eumenes (Eumenes) coarctatus limissicus ; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 14.

Eumenes lunulatus var. tenebricosus Gusenleitner, 1972: 79; Borsato and Turrisi 2004: 143 (as synonym of E. lunulatus ); Gereys 2016: 127 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.).

Eumenes lunulatus tenebricosus ; Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995: 7.

Eumenes lunulatus var. balcanicus Gusenleitner, 1972: 79; Gereys 2016: 127 (as synonym of E. coarctatus ); Fateryga 2017: 181 (id.). Note. The figured female from Cyprus (Figs 22-30 ) is incorrectly labelled as paratype of var. Eumenes coarctatus balcanicus , because Cyprus was not mentioned in the original description.

Eumenes coarctatus ; Arens 2012: 489-490; Gogala 2022: 26.

Notes.

The holotype female of E. lunulatus was digitally examined by using photographs kindly supplied by Sree Gayathree Selvantharan and Lars Vilhelmsen (NHMD). Unfortunately, the head is missing, but the remaining body parts agree with the current interpretation. Gusenleitner (1972) recognised E. lunulatus as a valid species; however, in 1999 he lowered its rank to subspecies because of observed intermediate variation ( Gusenleitner 1999). This variation in E. coarctatus sensu lato was one of the reasons to start this revision and thanks to the molecular data ( Schmid-Egger and Schmidt 2021; this paper) some provisional conclusions can be drawn. Obviously, Eumenes coarctatus sensu stricto has two forms in Europe: the dark typical one in boreo-alpine Europe and a paler one in C and SW Europe, both with comparatively robust first tergite and antennal hook (Figs 20 , 21 ). The SE (and partly C) European specimens belong to E. coarctatus lunulatus as defined in this paper often have a more slender first tergite (but variation is extensive) and a more slender antennal hook in the males (for lateral aspect see Fig. 37 ). Schmid-Egger and Schmidt (2021) did find differences in CO1 for E. c. coarctatus and E. c. lunulatus , but the latter consisted of a series from Cyprus (probably concerns Blüthgen’s ssp. Eumenes coarctatus limissicus ) and the remainder of E. coarctatus originated from Germany, France, and Italy. We analysed specimens from Finland, Netherlands and Bulgaria and we found the E. c. lunulatus from SE Europe to be different from both the dark (Finland) and pale (Netherlands) forms of E. c. coarctatus (Fig. 3 ).

Neumeyer and Praz (2015) did not find the differences of COI between Swiss specimens of E. coarctatus lunulatus and E. coarctatus sensu stricto substantial enough to recognise E. lunulatus as separate species or subspecies. Earlier Castro and Sanza (2009) came to the same conclusion on basis of Spanish material, but E. coarctatus lunulatus as defined in this paper may not occur on the Iberian Peninsula. An extensive survey is needed to reveal the extent of its distribution and whether or not its status as a valid subspecies is justified or that it is just a more punctate south-eastern form of E. coarctatus . The yellow dorsal part of the clypeus is more or less reversed U-shaped in f. Eumenes coarctatus balcanicus Gusenleitner, 1972. If the clypeus is entirely yellow, middle and hind coxae with a yellow patch and the third sternite largely yellow, see f. Eumenes coarctatus ordubadensis Blüthgen, 1938.

Distribution.

SE and C Europe, NW Asia. Examined specimens originating from Austria (type locality), Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia (but most specimens from these countries in collections belong to E. coarctatus sensu stricto), Italy, Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece (in Peloponnesus the most common species according to Arens (2012, listed as E. coarctatus ), Iran.

Figures

Figure 3. Neighbour-Joining tree for barcoded European Eumenes species. Both E. coarctatus specimens (sampled 5 y ago for another project and not available for examination) among E. coronatus are obviously misidentified and, therefore, in quotation marks. The numbers are RMNH unique identifiers except the Finnish numbers of both dark specimens of E. c. coarctatus from Finland.

Figures 22 - 30. Eumenes coarctatus lunulatus Fabricius, Cyprus, female 22 metasoma lateral 23 first metasomal tergite dorsal 24 first tergite ventral 25 mesosoma dorsal 26 hind tarsal claw 27 hind coxa dorsal 28 head anterior 29 head and propleuron lateral 30 head and mesosoma lateral.

Figures 31 - 39. Eumenes coarctatus lunulatus Fabricius, Bulgaria, male 31 metasoma lateral 32 first metasomal tergite dorsal 33 first tergite ventral 34 head and mesosoma dorsal 35 second metasomal tergite dorso-lateral 36 head anterior 37 head and propleuron lateral 38 apical hook of antenna lateral 39 hind coxa dorsal.

Figures 13 - 21. Eumenes coarctatus coarctatus (Linnaeus), Netherlands (Otterloo), male 13 metasoma lateral 14 first metasomal tergite dorsal 15 first tergite ventral 16 mesosoma dorsal 17 second metasomal tergite dorsal 18 head anterior 19 head and propleuron lateral 11 apical half of antenna 12 apical hook of antenna lateral.