Turbo lugubris, Ferussac, 1821

Cowie, Robert H., Héros, Virginie, Yeung, Norine W. & Hayes, Kenneth A., 2016, Annotated catalogue of types of Hawaiian land and freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, with lectotype designations, Zoosystema 38 (2), pp. 245-266 : 251

lugubris Férussac, 1821 , Helix

( Fig. 1F )

Helix (Cochlogena) lugubris Férussac, 1821a: 60 ; 1821b: 56.

Turbo apex fulva [sic] Dixon, 1789: 354, fig. 1.

Turbo lugubris Chemnitz, 1795 : pl. 209, figs 2059, 2060 [unavailable name].

CURRENT TAXONOMIC STATUS. — Achatinellinae, Achatinella (Achatinella) apexfulva ( Dixon, 1789) , synonym.

TYPE MATERIAL. — Possible syntypes MNHN IM-2000-30811 (4 spms), MNHN IM 2000-30810 (2 spms, Fig. 1F ).

TYPE LOCALITY. — “Les îles Sandwich” (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, as the genus is endemic to Oahu).

REMARKS

The name lugubris is available from Férussac (1821a: 60) by indication ( ICZN 1999, art. 12.2.7) as Férussac provided bibliographic references to illustrations (apertural and abapertural views of a sinistral shell) of Turbo lugubris (unavailable) by Chemnitz (1795: pl. 209, figs 2059, 2060) and to an illustration of “ Turbo apex fulva ” by Dixon (1789: 354, fig. 1). The two specimens illustrated are therefore syntypes. No other specimens were mentioned. Férussac in Quoy & Gaimard (1825: 479) provided a description but no illustrations. The specimen illustrated by Chemnitz was from Spengler (“Ex Museo Spengleriano”), who had obtained it in London ( Chemnitz 1795: 278) and it may have been derived from Dixon’s material ( Pilsbry & Cooke 1914 [in 1912-1914]: 321). The two specimens in MNHN IM-2000-30810 have holes in them that indicate that they were used to make necklaces or other ornamentation, as described by Dixon (1789: 354) and Chemnitz (1795: 278) but not noted by the Freycinet expedition (Férussac in Quoy & Gaimard 1825: 479), suggesting that the MNHN specimens may also have been part of Dixon’s material, which was from a necklace. A typical black-bordered Férussac collection label is associated with them. The four specimens in MNHN IM-2000-30811 do not have holes, but a label associated with them says “Coll. Férussac 1837” (Férussac died in 1836, Coan & Kabat 2014: 331), the date perhaps referring to when the catalogue of Férussac’s collection was being put together ( Tomlin 1944: 71); the specimens may well therefore have been from the Freycinet expedition. Whether Férussac had any of these six specimens in hand when he wrote the original description is not known. All six specimens are considered here as possible syntypes only. The species was treated and illustrated by Deshayes (1851: 194-195, pl. 155, fig. 8), but the MNHN specimens do not closely match his illustrations.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Achatinellidae Gulick, 1873: A, Tornatellina cincta Ancey, 1904, syntype MNHN IM-2000-20012, 3.8 mm, fig. 5 of Ancey (1904a); B, Helicter compta Pease, 1869, lectotype MNHN IM-2000-30805, 24.7 mm; C, Helix decora Férussac, 1821, possible syntype MNHN IM-2000-30806,18.0 mm, fig. 3015 of Chemnitz (1795); D, Auriculella expansa Pease,1868, lectotype MNHN IM-2000-30807, 6.4 mm, fig. 8 of Pease (1868); E, Helix lorata Férussac, 1825, lectotype MNHN IM-2000-30808, 14.2 mm, fig. 8 of Férussac in Quoy & Gaimard (1825); F, Helix lugubris Férussac, 1821, possible syntype MNHN IM-2000-30810, 17.2 mm, fig. 2062 of Chemnitz (1795). Scale bars: A, D, 1 mm; B, C, E, F, 10 mm. Dimensions given are shell height; reproductions of original illustrations not to scale.