Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

221. Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 375. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 375)

Convolvulus tiliaceus Willd. , Enum. Pl. 1: 203. 1809. (Willdenow 1809: 203). Type. BRAZIL. Hoffmansegg s.n. (holotype B-W03691-01).

Convolvulus indicus Miller, Gard. Dict. , ed. 8: 5. 1768 (Miller 1768: 5), nom. illeg., non Convolvulus indicus Burm. (1755) . Type. JAMAICA W. Houston (holotype BM000953181).

Ipomoea cymosa G. Mey. , Prim. Fl. Esseq. 99. 1818. (Meyer 1818: 99). Type. SURINAM. E.K. Rodschied 89 (GOET 002526).

Ipomoea surinamensis Miq. , Linnaea 18: 600. 1845. (Miquel 1845: 600). Type. SURINAM. H.C. Focke 816 (holotype U0001416).

Ipomoea alba Garcke , Linnaea 22: 66. 1849. (Garcke 1849: 66), nom. illeg., non. I. alba L. (1753). Type. SURINAM. H. Kegel 960 (GOET002527).

Ipomoea stenocolpa Garcke , Linnaea 22: 67. 1849. (Garcke 1849: 67). Type. SURINAM. Paramaribo, H. Kegel 987 (holotype GOET002528).

Ipomoea fastigiata var. vulgaris Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 267. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 267). Type. BRAZIL. Salzman 360 (lectotype P03538439, designated here).

Convolvulus umbellatus Sesse & Mocino , Pl. Nov. Hisp. 22 1887 [pub. 1888]. ( Sessé and Moçiño 1887-1890: 220), nom. illeg., non Convolvulus umbellatus L. (1753). Type. MEXICO. Sessé & Moçiño s.n. (MA5017).

Convolvulus biflorus Sesse & Mocino , Fl. Mex. 35. 1893. ( Sessé y Lacasta and Moçiño 1893: 35), nom. illeg., non Convolvulus biflorus L. (1763). Type. MEXICO. Sessé & Moçiño 5048 (probable holotype MA603862).

Ipomoea fastigiata var. pauciflora Meisn., Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 267. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 267). Type. BRAZIL. Raben 283 (lectotype BR00005306763, designated here).

Type.

Based on Convolvulus tiliaceus Willd.

Description.

Twining perennial herb to several metres in height, usually glabrous in all vegetative parts; stems woody below, herbaceous above. Leaves petiolate, 4-16 × 2.2-11 cm, ovate, shortly acuminate and mucronate (rarely retuse), base cordate with rounded (rarely acute or dentate) auricles, margin entire or (rarely) somewhat dentate, abaxially paler; petioles 1-13 cm. Inflorescence of axillary pedunculate cymes; peduncles 1.5-8 cm; bracteoles ovate, c. 1 mm, caducous; secondary peduncles 0.2-1.5 cm; pedicels 5-15 mm; sepals slightly unequal, glabrous, outer 6-10 × 3-4 mm, ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, strongly mucronate, margins scarious, inner 9-11 × 4-7 mm, elliptic to obovate, obtuse and mucronate, scarious; corolla 3.5-6 cm long, pink often with a dark centre, glabrous, funnel-shaped, limb 4.5-5 cm, undulate but midpetaline bands ending in small teeth; filaments thinly pubescent for half their length. Capsules c. 8 × 9 mm, depressed globose, glabrous; seeds c. 4 × 3 mm, black, glabrous or shortly pubescent on the angles.

Illustration.

Figure 112 ; Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 180).

Distribution.

Secondary forest and disturbed bushland, usually within a few kilometres of the coast. In South American along the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts south to Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. On the Pacific only confirmed from the Choco in Colombia northwards. Widespread and frequent on the Caribbean Islands and on the Caribbean coasts of Central America north to Veracruz but less common on the Pacific side. Reported as naturalised in the Old World but most, probably all, of these records are errors for Ipomoea littoralis or I. batatas .

BRAZIL. Amazonas: Dermini River, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. 8166 (NY). Bahia: Blanchet 1016 (BM); Glocker 330 (BM). Pará: Breves, Amazon estuary, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 30211 (NY). Paraná: Balneario de Canoas, Pontal de Paraná, E.L. Siquiera et al. 525 (MBM); Ilha dos Ihres, São Francisco do Sul, F. Vieira 974 (MBM). Pernambuco: Tapera, B. Pickel 128 (BM). Rio de Janeiro: J.F.Widgren 331 (S). Roraima: J.A. Ratter et al. 5900 (E). Rio Grande do Sul: P.P.A. Ferreira 126 (ICN), fide Ferreira and Miotto (2009: 449). São Paulo: Bertioga, 30 km E of Santos, A. Krapovickas & C. Cristóbal 33565 (CTES, MBM); Cananéia, M.G. Caxambu et al. 4124 (MBM).

FRENCH GUIANA. P. Sagot 371 (BM, S), 372 (BM); F. Billiet & B. Jadin 1609 (BM, BR).

SURINAM. W.R. Hostman 330 (BM, OXF); J. Lanjouw 1086 (S).

GUYANA. Jenman 4200 (BM); A.S. Hitchcock 16664 (S).

COLOMBIA. sine data, Linden 1591 (BM, OXF). Magdalena: H.H. Smith 1912 (BM), 1567 (K); E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 20917 (COL); J. Cuatrecasas 13354 (COL, US).

VENEZUELA. Moritz 41 (BM). Delta Amacuro: J. Steyermark 87685 (K). Monagas: Paloma, H.H. Rusby & Squires 15 (BM, NY).

PANAMA. C. Hamilton et al. 1300 (FTG, MO)

COSTA RICA. Vera Blanca de Sarapiquí, A.F. Skutch 3672 (K, S); San José, A. Tonduz 7089 (K), 8622 (BM); Limon, Cahinta, P. Wilkin & S.B. Jennings 117 (BM).

NICARAGUA. L.O. Williams 42321 (BM, F); Jinotega, Mun. Wiwili, I. Coronado et al. 3120 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. La Mosquitia, C. Ashe 57 (BM); J. Saunders 709 (FTG); Ceiba, T.G. Yuncker 8561 (BM, K, MO).

BELIZE. Hector Creek, Sibun River, P. H. Gentle 1409 (K, S); M.E. Peck 664 (K); Stann Creek, W.A. Schipp 283 (BM, K).

GUATEMALA. Esquintla, J. Donnell Smith 1999 (K); ibid., 2222 (K)

MEXICO. Campeche: E. & H. de Cabrera 14469 (IEB). Chiapas: Esquintla, E. Matuda 2133 (K); San Pedro Nolasco, C. Jurgensen 592 (K). Guerrero: Atoyac, Galeana, G.B. Hinton 10900 (K, S). Yucatán: Izamal, G.F. Gaumer 915 (BM, K, S).

BAHAMAS. Great Bahama, L. Brace 3600 (NY).

CUBA. C. Wright 1648 (BM, S); Bayate, E.L. Ekman 10122 (NY, S); 6636 (BM, S); A.H. Curtiss 249 (HAC); J. Shafer s. n. [4/1903] (HAC). Camaguey: J.A Shafer 1846 (NY). Granma: La Anita, M. López Figueiras 781 (NY). La Habana: Santiago de las Vegas, H. Van Hermann 231 (BM). Pinar del Río: N.L. Britton et al. 9666 (NY). Villa Clara: Manicaragua, F. de la Puente 5324 (FTG); Camajuani, F. de la Puente 5347 (FTG).

CAYMAN ISLANDS. D.R. Stoddart 5057 (BM); M. Brunt 1716 (BM); W. Kings 299 (BM).

JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 8308 (BM), 21911 (BM); A.B. Rendle 152 (BM); A.D. Skelding 3534 (BM); W. Stearn 38 (BM, S); Maxon 10504 (S).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H9156 (S); Etang Saumatre, E.C. Leonard 3544 (NY).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Santo Domingo, E.L. Ekman H11152 (NY, S); La Vega, A.H. Liogier 24738 (NY); H.A. Allard 13192 (S); P. Fuertes 425 (E), 1156 (E).

PUERTO RICO. R.J. Wagner 457 (BM); Lajas, A.H. Liogier 31128 (NY); San Juan, F.S. Axelrod 3396 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. US Virgin Islands: fide Acevedo-Rodríquez (2005). Netherlands Antilles: St Eustatius: B.M. Boom et al. 11202 (NY). St Marten: I. Boldingh 2913 (NY). St Kitts: G.R. Proctor 18508 (BM). Antigua: H.E. Box 1049 (BM), 1362 (BM). Montserrat: G.R. Proctor 19015 (BM). Guadeloupe: R.P. Quentin 631 (P); Marie Galante, G.R. Proctor 20265 (BM). Dominica: C. Whitefoord 3961 (BM), 43411 (BM). Martinique: W. Hahn 80 (BM); C. Sastre 7691 (P). St Lucia: G.R. Proctor 18007 (BM). St Vincent: H.H. & G.W. Smith 1293 (BM); Bequia fide Powell (1979). Grenada: G.R. Proctor 17155 (BM); G.C. Druce s.n. (OXF). Barbados: fide Gooding et al. (1965).

TRINIDAD. A. Fendler 585 (BM). Tobago: Clement & Ryves 93/230 (BM); W.E. Broadway 4395 (S).

Typification.

Tropicos (www.tropicos.org) states that Nelson (1997: 393) designated Sessé and Moçiño 5048 as lectotype of Ipomoea biflora but this is doubtful as he merely cited it as the type and it may in any case be the de facto holotype in the absence of other possible types.

Notes.

Ipomoea tiliacea is quite variable in sepal and to a lesser extent corolla size. It is a perennial, which is nearly always completely glabrous and with unlobed leaves. In the neotropics it is only likely to be confused with rare forms of Ipomoea batatas combining glabrous sepals with entire leaves. From these it is best distinguished by the lax, clearly cymose inflorescence. Records of I. tiliacea from the Old World are all, or mostly, errors for the superficially similar I. littoralis , which is best separated by its rounded or obtuse, somewhat succulent leaves and 1-3-flowered cymes. The range of the two species appears not to overlap and molecular studies support their distinctiveness.

Records from Peru (McPherson 1993) are probably errors for Ipomoea batatas and require confirmation.

Figures

Figure 112. Ipomoea tiliacea. A habit B outer sepal C middle sepal D inner sepal E corolla opened out to show stamens F ovary and style G capsule H seed. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A-F from Curtiss 1293; G from Stearn 38; H from Proctor 18508.