Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835

Li, Yang, Achterberg, Cornelis van & Chen, Xue-xin, 2020, A new genus and eight newly recorded genera of Braconinae Nees (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from China, with descriptions of fourteen new species, ZooKeys 1038, pp. 105-178 : 105

Genus Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835 Figures 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835: 22; Szépligeti 1904: 21; Telenga 1936: 343; Watanabe 1937: 21; Tobias 1971: 210; Shenefelt 1978: 1676; Marsh 1979: 170; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Ichneumon flavator Fabricius, 1793 (Monobasic).

Ipobracon Thomson, 1892: 1787 (as subgroup of Bracon Fabricius, 1804); Shenefelt 1978: 1808; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Bracon nigrator Zetterstedt, 1838 (Original designation). Synonymised by Quicke 1985: 46.

Bracambus Thomson, 1892: 1787 (as subgroup of Bracon Fabricius, 1804); Shenefelt 1978: 1676; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Vipio longipalpis Thomson, 1892 (Monobasic and Original designation) (= Ichneumon flavator Fabricius, 1804). Synonymised by Szépligeti 1904: 21.

Bracomorpha Papp, 1971: 276; Quicke 1985: 358, 1987: 104. Type species: Bracomorpha torkai Papp, 1971 (Monobasic). Syn. nov.

Cyanopteridea Viereck, 1911: 476; Shenefelt 1978: 1677; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Iphiaulax clypeolus Szépligeti, 1905 (Original designation). Synonymised by Watanabe 1937: 21.

Coeloidimorpha Viereck, 1913: 558; Shenefelt 1978: 1677; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Bracon (Melanobracon) webbi Viereck, 1909 (Original designation) (= Bracon laevis Provancher, 1880). Synonymised by Muesebeck and Walkley 1951: 159.

Atanycolimorpha Viereck, 1913: 557; Shenefelt 1978: 1436; Quicke 1987: 109. Type species: Atanycolimorpha winnemanae Viereck, 1913 (Original designation) (= Bracon provancheri Dalla Torre, 1898). Synonymised by Quicke 1987: 109.

Notaulobracon Fahringer, 1929: 237; Shenefelt 1978: 1809. Type species: Bracon nigrator Zetterstedt, 1838 (Original designation). Synonymised by van Achterberg 1997: 30.

Diagnosis.

Body medium-sized; terminal antennomere often strongly acute apically; in lateral view scapus without double margin at inner side apically and concave apico-laterally, ventrally longer than dorsally; eye glabrous, weakly emarginated; face smooth or superficially granulate, sometimes with a few sparse punctures; clypeus moderately narrow, often flattened and without dorsal carina; malar suture moderately developed, often with long and dense setae; labio-maxillary complex normal, not elongate; frons weakly depressed, with some setae and a median groove; mesosoma largely smooth and shiny; notauli present only anteriorly; scutellar sulcus narrow and crenulate; propodeum largely smooth, without medio-longitudinal carina or groove; angle between veins 1-SR and C+SC+R of fore wing more than 75°; fore wing vein 1-SR+M straight or slightly curved subbasally; fore wing vein cu-a interstitial or slightly postfurcal; hind wing vein SC+R1 longer than vein 1r-m; basal lobes of claws largely rounded; metasoma often largely smooth and shiny; length of T I less than 1.5 × its apical width; T II usually with a large medio-basal area, and with oblique lateral grooves connected to wide sublateral grooves; antero-lateral grooves of T III often wide and short; T III-V with or without antero-lateral areas; ovipositor with dorsal nodus and ventral serrations subapically.

Biology.

Most species are larval ectoparasitoids of Coleoptera (especially Cerambycidae and Curculionidae , but also some species of Buprestidae and Bostrichidae ), and of Lepidoptera (mainly Sesiidae , Pyralidae , Erebidae , and Tortricidae ) ( Webb 1909; Viereck 1912; Fahringer 1926, 1934; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1928; Myers 1932; Watanabe 1937; Györfi 1941; Grobler 1957; De Santis and Esquivel 1966; Fulmek 1968; Papp 1971; Tobias 1971, 1976, 1986; Uhthoff-Kaufmann 1990; Campadelli and Scaramozzino 1994; Cordo et al. 1995; Papp 2009; Wang et al. 2009; Yu et al. 2016).

Distribution.

Cosmopolitan.

Note.

Tobias and Belokobylskij (2000) divided this genus into three subgenera: Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835, Ipobracon Thomson, 1892, and Paravipio Papp, 1967; in this paper we include Bracomorpha Papp, 1971, as a subgenus; in China we have not yet found Ipobracon and Cyanopterus s. s.; and Paravipio is new to China. Bracomorpha may be easily confused with Acampyloneurus van Achterberg, 1992, but the latter has the lower ovipositor valve without teeth and the upper valve without nodus, T II with slightly converging sublateral depressions and the dorsal carina of the clypeus present. In addition, the type species has the first subdiscal cell of the fore wing distinctly (ca. 1.5 ×) higher than length of vein m-cu and scapus without apical ledge at inner side. In Bracomorpha the lower ovipositor valve has minute apical teeth and the upper valve has a minute nodus, the dorsal carina of the clypeus absent, T II with nearly parallel sublateral depressions or depressions largely absent, the first subdiscal cell is narrower than length of vein m-cu or subequal and scapus with more or less developed narrow apical ledge at inner side.

Figures

Figure 5. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) lucidus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 6. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) lucidus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of antenna l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Figure 7. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) transversus sp. nov., ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 8. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) transversus sp. nov., ♀, holotype a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k apex of ovipositor, lateral view.

Figure 9. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) tricolor (Ivanov, 1896), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 10. Cyanopterus (Bracomorpha) tricolor (Ivanov, 1896). ♀ a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of antenna.

Figure 11. Cyanopterus (Paravipio) jakuticus (Tobias, 1973), ♀, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 12. Cyanopterus (Paravipio) jakuticus (Tobias, 1973). ♀. a fore wing b hind wing c mesosoma, lateral view d mesosoma, dorsal view e metasoma, dorsal view f hind leg, lateral view g head, anterior view h head, dorsal view i head, lateral view j first metasomal tergite, dorsal view k scapus outer side, lateral view l apex of ovipositor, lateral view.