Anaphothrips, Uzel, 1895

Mound, Laurence A. & Masumoto, Masami, 2009, Australian Thripinae of the Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera), with three new genera and thirty-three new species, Zootaxa 2042 (1), pp. 1-76 : 12-15

Key to species of Anaphothrips from Australia

1. Antennae clearly 8-segmented ( Figs 12 , 16 , 133 ), rarely with an indistinct incomplete suture in distal third of segment VI ( Fig. 144 ) .................................................................................................................................................. 2

-. Antennae 9-segmented, segment VI with complete transverse or oblique suture ( Figs 23 , 55, 88), but sometimes with oblique suture incomplete ( Fig. 120 ) ........................................................................................................................... 8

2. Abdominal tergite VIII without posteromarginal comb of microtrichia ( Fig. 14 ); antennal segment III sensorium simple; both sexes micropterous ............................................................................................................ aptilotus sp. n.

-. Abdominal tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb either of long fine microtrichia or of slender dentate lobes ( Figs 117 , 142 ); antennal segment III with forked sensorium; usually macropterous .......................................................... 3

3. Body of female strongly bicoloured, at least abdominal segments VIII–X dark brown; male usually bicoloured, sometimes yellow ........................................................................................................................................ sudanensis

-. Body dark or light, not strongly bicoloured ................................................................................................................ 4

4. Ocellar setae III arise within ocellar triangle ( Fig. 9 ); male without sternal pore plates; body pale with light brown shadings, antennal segments III–IV brown .................................................................................................... ambiguus

-. Ocellar setae III arise anterolateral to ocellar triangle ( Fig. 106 ); male with C-shaped sternal pore plates; body colour uniform yellow or brown, antennal segment III yellow............................................................................................... 5

5. Head wider than long ( Fig. 118 ); abdominal tergite II with sculpture lines medially ................................................ 6

-. Head at least as long as wide ( Fig. 106 ); tergite II with no sculpture medially .......................................................... 7

6. Head and pronotum boldly sculptured ( Fig. 130 ); lateral thirds of tergites with stout, dentate microtrichia on sculpture lines ( Fig. 129 ); wing setae weakly spatulate ( Fig. 132 ) ................................................... parsonsiae sp. n.

-. Head ( Fig. 118 ), also pronotum, with no sculpture medially; lateral thirds of tergites with about five weak transverse lines; wing setae setaceous ..................................................................................................................... nimbus sp. n.

7. Body and legs pale yellow; antennal segments I–II yellow; metascutal campaniform sensilla absent; postocular setae in single row ....................................................................................................................................................... swezeyi

-. Body and legs brown, including antennal segments I–II; metascutal campaniform sensilla present; postocular setal row with one seta displaced to posterior ........................................................................................................... incertus

8. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin simple, with neither craspedum nor comb of microtrichia ( Fig. 123 ) ....... 9

-. Tergite VIII usually with comb of microtrichia, at least laterally, sometimes weakly craspedate or with small teeth or lobes .......................................................................................................................................................................... 12

9. Female macroptera brown, fore wing pale with dark transverse band medially; male wingless, bicoloured, mainly yellow with head and abdominal segments VI–X dark brown .................................................................. occidentalis

-. Female colour yellow or brown with fore wing uniformly coloured, never banded; if wingless then body not sharply bicoloured ................................................................................................................................................................. 10

10. Female body brown, antennal segment I brown; sternal pore plates of male large C-shaped ........................... carlylei

-. Body yellow, with or without dark markings, antennal segment I almost white; sternal pore plates of male not Cshaped ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Antennal segments I–II pale, III–IX brown; metascutum without campaniform sensilla; tergite VIII spiracular area small; male with pore plates only on sternites III–IV ( Fig. 38 ) ................................................................ callani sp. n.

-. Antennal segment II darker than segment III; metascutum with paired campaniform sensilla; tergite VIII spiracular areas greatly enlarged, occupying at least half of lateral margin of tergite (Fig. 59); male with pore plates on sternites III–VII (Fig. 57) ............................................................................................................................................... cucurbiti

12. Abdominal tergite VIII with narrow craspedum, weakly lobed or toothed ( Fig. 115 ) but scarcely longer than diameter of nearest campaniform sensilla; yellow apterous species; antennal segment III with sensorium simple... 13

-. Tergite VIII posterior margin with distinct microtrichia or teeth ( Fig. 51 ), rarely reduced to a few either medially or laterally ( Fig. 161 ); usually macropterous; sensorium on segment III forked (rarely simple) .................................. 14

13. Craspedum on tergite VIII of small or minute pointed lobes ( Fig. 115 ); tergites IV–VII posterior margins laterally with row of very small tubercles; antennal segment VI brown; male with large irregular C-shaped pore plate on sternites III–VIII ( Fig. 114 )................................................................................................................................ moundi

-. Craspedum on tergite VIII smooth and entire or with small rounded lobes; tergites IV–VII posterior margins smooth laterally; antennal segment VI usually pale at base; male with curved pore plates on sternites III–VII ( Fig. 163 ) ...... .............................................................................................................................................................................. woodi

14. Tergite VIII posterior margin with pointed microtrichia arising from broad bases on small craspedum ( Fig. 51 ); lateral thirds of tergites IV–VII with prominent dentate microtrichia arising from sculpture lines ..... chortinus sp. n.

-. Microtrichia on tergite VIII arising not from distinct craspedum, usually separate or only partially fused at base; tergites rarely with prominent microtrichia ............................................................................................................... 15

15. Tergite VIII posterior margin medially without microtrichia, but laterally with several microtrichia in both sexes ( Figs 139 , 161 ) ........................................................................................................................................................... 16

-. Tergite VIII with microtrichia medially on posterior margin ( Figs 84 , 98 ).............................................................. 18

16. Large species with head dark brown; ocellar setae III inside ocellar triangle with bases scarcely further apart than width of fore ocellus ( Fig 159 ); tergite IX setae S1 and S2 capitate ( Fig. 161 ), tergite X with S1 capitate .................. .................................................................................................................................................................. whyalla sp. n.

-. Small, light brown species; ocellar setae arise outside ocellar triangle .................................................................... 17

17. Antennal segments III–IV largely pale; metascutal campaniform sensilla apparently absent; comb on tergite VIII represented by only a few teeth laterally; male sternal pore plates not visible..................................................... keatsi

-. Antennal segments III–IV largely brown; metascutal campaniform sensilla present; comb on tergite VIII represented by only 2 or 3 teeth laterally; male with curved to C-shaped pore plates on sternites III–VII ( Fig. 138 )...................... ............................................................................................................................................................ pultenaeae sp. n.

18. Abdominal tergites V–VII sculptured at middle ( Figs 82 , 121 ) ................................................................................. 19

-. Abdominal tergites V–VII without sculpture medially ............................................................................................. 22

19. Tergite VIII spiracular area occupying at least 0.5 of margin ( Figs 113 , 148 ); antennal segment I brown............... 20

-. Tergite VIII with spiracular area small, not occupying more than 0.3 of lateral margin; antennal segment I almost white, much paler than II ........................................................................................................................................... 21

20. Micropterous species: microtrichia of comb on tergite VIII irregular, broadly based, sometimes fused ( Fig. 113 ); antennal segment III with forked sensorium ............................................................................................ monga sp. n.

-. Macropterous species; comb on tergite VIII of long slender microtrichia ( Fig. 148 ); antennal segment III with sensorium simple ................................................................................................................................................. varii

21. Body largely yellow with brown markings; metascutum with pair of campaniform sensilla; tergal sculpture reticulate medially............................................................................................................................................... obscurus [in part]

-. Body largely brown, tergites uniformly brown; metascutum without campaniform sensilla; tergal sculpture lines transverse medially, not reticulate ................................................................................................... eremophilae sp. n.

22. Compound eye each with 6 pigmented facets ventrolaterally ( Fig. 11 )..................................................................... 23

-. Compound eyes without any clearly defined pigmented facets ................................................................................ 37

23. Tergite VIII posterior margin of female with 6–12 long microtrichia medially, but lateral microtrichia progressively shorter and/or absent ( Fig. 156 ) .................................................................................................................................. 24

-. Tergite VIII comb with microtrichia equally long across most of posterior margin................................................... 25

24. Tergal lines of sculpture with irregular strongly dentate microtrichia ( Fig. 156 ); male with small curved pore plate on sternites III–VII ( Fig. 157 ).................................................................................................................. westringiae sp.n

-. Tergal lines of sculpture with regular weakly dentate microtrichia ( Fig. 87 ); male with large C-shaped pore plate on sternites III–VII................................................................................................................................ geleznowiae sp. n.

25. Major setae broadly spatulate on head, pronotum and fore wings ( Figs 101–102, 105 ); median setae on tergites IV–VI closer together than their length ( Fig. 104 ); sensorium simple on antennal segment III; male with no sternal pore plates .............................................................................................................................................. glenysae sp. n.

-. Major setae setaceous or only slightly thickened; length of median setae on tergites IV–VI less than distance between their bases; sensorium forked on antennal segment III .............................................................................. 26

26. Body, legs and antennae dark brown, including antennal segments I–III ( Fig. 125 ); antennal segments VII–IX clearly longer than VI; tergites with no lines of sculpture extending mesad of setae S2 ......................... orchis sp. n.

-. Body, legs and antennae light brown, head often with yellowish markings, antennal segment I almost white; antennal segments VII–IX shorter than VI; tergites usually with sculpture lines extending slightly mesad of setae S2 ....... 27

27. Pronotal posteromarginal setae S2 unusually long, 1.5 times as long as setae S1 (Fig. 61); male without sternal pore plates .......................................................................................................................................................... dalbyi sp. n.

-. Pronotum with all posteromarginal setae equally short; males with or without pore plates medially on one or more sternites ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28

28. Head slightly longer than wide, ocellar triangle weakly reticulate; longest fore wing setae about 0.25 as long as wing width .................................................................................................................................................. obscurus [in part]

-. Head transverse, clearly wider than long; ocellar triangle with no reticulation; longest fore wing setae often more than 0.3 as long as median wing width ...................................................................................................................... 29

29. Ocellar setae III arise inside ocellar triangle, their bases no further apart than diameter of first ocellus ( Figs 44 , 152 ) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

-. Ocellar setae III arise further apart, their bases separated by distance at least equal to that between posterior ocelli... .................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

30. Lateral thirds of tergites IV–VI with closely spaced sculpture lines bearing fine and regular microtrichia ( Fig. 45 ); tergite VI setae S3–S4 equally large, S3 on VII variable but usually smaller than S4; metascutal reticulation usually with internal markings ( Fig. 42 ); male sternites III–VI with small C-shaped pore plates ( Fig. 41 ) ..................... cecili

-. Lateral thirds of tergites IV–VI with transverse reticulation bearing weakly dentate microtrichia on sculpture lines ( Fig. 151 ); tergites VI–VII setae S3 much smaller than S4; metascutal reticulation without internal markings; male without sternal pore plates ...................................................................................................................... walchae sp. n.

31. Major setae thickened and weakly spatulate, including median metascutal setae ( Fig. 21 ); abdominal tergites with small dentate microtrichia on sculpture lines; male sternites with small C-shaped pore plates ............ atriplicis sp. n.

-. Major setae all finely acute; tergites with or without microtrichia; male sternal pore plates, if present, not C-shaped. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 32

32. Body and legs mainly brown; abdominal tergite sculpture lines with microtrichia weak or absent (Fig. 54); male sternite III with weakly transverse pore plate medially (Fig. 53) ............................................................. cobari sp. n.

-. Body and legs extensively yellow; abdominal tergite sculpture lines with many microtrichia ( Fig. 170 ); male sternite III with pore plate not as above.................................................................................................................................. 33

33. Abdominal tergites extensively brown, pleurotergites yellow; tergal sculpture with numerous microtrichia clearly extending mesad of setae S2 ( Fig. 170 ); male sternites with no pore plates ........................................... yalgooi sp. n.

-. Abdominal tergites largely yellow; tergal sculpture scarcely extending mesad of setae S2 ( Fig. 25 ); at least male sternite III with 1 or 2 small pore plates .................................................................................................................... 34

34. Tergites III–VI with brown antecostal ridge, sometimes with brown area medially; male sternite III with pair of small circular pore plates ( Fig. 28 ) ....................................................................................................... augustae sp. n.

-. Tergal antecostal ridge pale; male sternite III with transverse pore plate.................................................................. 35

35. Male tergite IX with two pairs of short stout setae posteromedially, sternites III–VII with transverse weakly curved pore plates ........................................................................................................................................................ newmani

-. Male tergite IX without stout setae medially ( Fig. 34 ), sternites IV–VII with no pore plates .................................. 36

36. Male sternite III with pore plate slender and close to antecostal ridge .................................................. barrowi sp. n.

-. Male sternite III with pore plate broader and weakly curved ( Fig. 30 ) ............................................. barringtoni sp. n.

37. Body uniformly brown, antennal segments III–IV slightly paler. .......................................................... geijerae sp. n.

-. Body colour not uniformly brown, usually yellow or with brown markings ............................................................ 38

38. Abdominal tergites II–VII yellow with brown median area and paired lateral dark areas ( Fig. 73 ); male tergite IX posterior margin with pair of exceptionally long but fully recurved “setae” ( Fig. 70 ) ....................................... dubius

-. Abdominal tergites III–VII with different brown pattern, or yellow and sometimes with pair of more or less distinct dark areas laterally ..................................................................................................................................................... 39

39. Abdominal tergites II–VII yellow medially with pair of brown areas laterally ( Fig. 100 ); antennal segment III sharply yellow in contrast to dark brown IV ( Fig. 97 ) ......................................................................... gillespiei sp. n.

-. Abdominal tergites II–VII yellow or light brown but without distinctive brown areas laterally; antennal III not sharply different from IV ........................................................................................................................................... 40

40. Major setae on head, thorax and fore wings, also antennal segment II, slightly to strongly spatulate ( Fig. 78 ); tergite IX setae S2 stouter and shorter than S1 ........................................................................................................... exocarpi

-. Major setae on head, thorax and fore wings setaceous ( Fig. 83 ); tergite IX setae S1 and S2 equally setaceous .... 41

41. Abdominal sternite VII posteromarginal setae S2 arise slightly in front of posterior margin ( Fig. 85 ); ocellar setae III just within ocellar triangle ............................................................................................................. exocarpoides sp. n.

-. Abdominal sternite VII posteromarginal setae S2 arise at margin; ocellar setae III arise well outside triangle or close to anterior margins ..................................................................................................................................................... 42

42. Pore plates of males almost confluent around margins of sternites III–VII ( Fig. 20 ); tergite IX of males with two pairs of stout thorn-like setae medially ( Fig. 18 ); females with up to 9 marginal setae on clavus ................ astrolomi

-. Pore plates broadly C-shaped on sternites III–VII of males, but not close to sternite margins; tergite IX of males with only one pair of stout thorn-like setae medially; females with fewer marginal setae on clavus ............................... 43

43. Male tergite IX posterior margin with pair of dark conical “setae”, stouter and thicker than median pair of discal thorn-like setae ( Fig. 75 ) ........................................................................................................................ epacrida sp. n.

-. Male tergite IX posterior margin with pair of slender spine-like processes, much thinner than median pair of discal thorn-like setae ( Fig. 66 ) ........................................................................................................................ desleyae sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 6–12. Anaphothrips genus-group. (6) Aptinothrips rufus, head. Caprithrips moundi, 7–8: (7) head & pronotum. (8) thoracic sternites. Anaphothrips ambiguus 9–12: (9) head & pronotum; (10) tergites VI–X; (11) head ventral surface with pigmented facets; (12) antenna.

FIGURES 13–23. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. aptilotus 13–16: (13) pterothorax and tergites I–II; (14) tergites VI–VIII; (15) male tergite IX; (16) antenna. A. astrolomi 17–20; (17) male tergite VIII–IX (Nomarski); (18) male tergite VIII–IX (phase-contrast); (19) antenna; (20) male sternites. A. atriplicis 21–23: (21) meso & metanotum; (22) tergites VI–VIII; (23) antenna.

FIGURES 130–139. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. parsonsiae 130–132: (130) head & pronotum; (131) meso & metanotum; (132) clavus. (133) A. sudanensis antenna. A. pultenaeae 134–139: (134) antenna; (135) head & pronotum; (136) meso & metanotum; (137) tergites VII–VIII; (138) male sternites; (139) male tergites VIII–IX.

FIGURES 140–147. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. sudanensis 140–142: (140) head; (141) male sternites; (142) tergites VII–VIII. A. swezeyi 143–146: (143) tergites VII–VIII; (144) antenna; (145) male sternites; (146) male tergites VIII–IX. (147) A. varii head.

FIGURES 120–129. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. obscurus 120–121: (120) antenna; (121) tergites VII–VIII left margins. A. occidentalis 122–124: (122) antenna; (123) tergites VII–VIII; (124) male sternites. A. orchis 125–127: (125) antenna; (126) head; (127) tergites VII–VIII. A. parsonsiae 128–129: (128) antenna; (129) tergites VII–VIII.

FIGURES 114–119. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. moundi 114–116: (114) male sternites; (115) tergites VIII–IX; (116) antenna. A. nimbus 117–119: (117) tergites VII–VIII; (118) head; (119) antenna.

FIGURES 106–113. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. incertus 106–108: (106) head & pronotum; (107) antenna; (108) male sternites. A. monga 109–113: (109) head & pronotum; (110) male sternites; (111) antenna; (112) pterothorax and tergites I–II; (113) tergite VIII–IX.

FIGURES 32–43. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. barrowi 32–35: (32) head; (33) tergites V–VII; (34) male tergite IX; (35) antenna. A. callani 36–38: (36) antenna; (37) tergites V–VII; (38) male sternites II–V. A. carlylei 39–40: (39) antenna; (40) male sternites. A. cecili 41–43: (41) male sternites; (42) meso & metanotum; (43) antenna.

FIGURES 44–52. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. cecili 44–45: (44) head & pronotum; (45) tergites VI–VIII. A. chortinus 46–51: (46) male sternites; (47) male tergite IX; (48) meso & metanotum; (49) head; (50) antenna; (51) tergites VII–VIII. (52) A. cobari meso & metanotum.

FIGURES 157–165. Anaphothrips of Australia. (157) A. westringiae male sternites. A. whyalla 158–162: (158) antenna; (159) head; (160) pro, meso & metanotum; (161) tergites VIII–X; (162) forewing base. A. woodi 163–165: (163) male sternites; (164) antenna; (165) meso & metanotum.

FIGURES 83–91. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. exocarpoides 83–85: (83) meso & metanotum; (84) tergites VI–VIII; (85) sternites VI–VII. A. geleznowiae 86–87: (86) antenna; (87) tergites VII–VIII. A. geijerae 88–91: (88) antenna; (89) tergites VI–VIII; (90) clavus with meso & metanotum; (91) head & pronotum.

FIGURES 92–99. Anaphothrips of Australia. (92) A. geleznowiae head & pronotum. A. gillespiei 93–99: (93) male tergite IX; (94) meso & metanotum; (95) forewing base; (96) head & pronotum; (97) antenna; (98) tergites VII–VIII; (99) male sternites.

FIGURES 73–82. Anaphothrips of Australia. (73) A. dubius tergites VI–VIII. A. epacrida 74–77: (74) male sternites; (75) male tergite IX; (76) antenna; (77) forewing base. A. exocarpi 78–79: (78) forewing base with meso & metanotum; (79) antenna. A, eremophilae 80-82: (80) antenna; (81) head; (82) tergites VI–VIII.

FIGURES 148–156. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. varii 148–149: (148) tergites VII–VIII; (149) antenna. A. walchae 150–152: (150) antenna; (151) tergites VII–VIII; (152) head & pronotum. A. westringiae 153-156: (153) antenna; (154) meso & metanotum; (155) head & pronotum; (156) tergites VII–VIII.

FIGURES 100–105. Anaphothrips of Australia. (100) A. gillespiei tergites V–VII. A. glenysae 101–105: (101) meso & metanotum with forewing base; (102) head & pronotum; (103) antenna; (104) tergites V–VIII; (105) pronotum.

FIGURES 166–171. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. woodi 166–167: (166) head; (167) tergites VII–VIII right margins. A. yalgooi 168–171: (168) head; (169) pronotum; (170) tergites V–VI; (171) antenna.

FIGURES 24–31. Anaphothrips of Australia. A. augustae 24–28: (24) head; (25) tergites V–VII; (26) antenna; (27) meso & metanotum; (28) male sternites II–IV. A. barringtoni 29–31: (29) tergites V–VII; (30) male sternites III–IV; (31) antenna.

FIGURES 64–72. Anaphothrips of Australia. (64) A. dalbyi antenna. A. desleyae 65–68: (65) clavus with meso & metanotum; (66) male tergite IX; (67) tergites VI–VIII; (68) male sternites. A. dubius 69–72: (69) male sternites; (70) male tergite IX; (71) larva II tergites VII–IX; (72) meso & metanotum.