Lithosia yuennanensis ( Daniel, 1952 )

Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Zolotuhin, Vadim V. & Witt, Thomas J., 2016, Revision of Lithosia Fabricius, 1798 and Conilepia Hampson, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), Zootaxa 4107 (2), pp. 175-196 : 186-187

Lithosia yuennanensis ( Daniel, 1952)

( Figs 12–13 )

Oeonistis quadra yuennanensis Daniel, 1952 , Bonn. zool. Beitr. 3 (3–4): [319]–320. TL: “[Yuennan] … Likiang” (ZFMK). Lithosia yuennanensis in: Dubatolov 2010; Kishida 2011, Japan Heterocerist’s J. 261: 272.

Type material studied. CHINA: 1♂ (holotype), “♂ Type / Oenistis / quadra / ssp. yuennani [sic!] Daniel”, “ Typus / ♂”, “Li-kiang ca. 2000 m / Prov. Nord-Yuennan / 8.8.1934. H.Höne” ( ZFMK); 1 ♀, “♀ Type / Oenistis / quadra / ssp. yuennani Daniel”, “Allotypus / ♀”, “Li-kiang ca. 2000m / Prov. Nord-Yuennan / 6.8.1934.H.Höne” ( ZFMK); 1 ♂ (paratype), “ Paratype / Oen. Quadra / ssp. yuennanensis / Daniel”, “Li-kiang. ( China). / Provinz Nord- Yuennan. / 11.8.1934. H. Höne”, “Genital-Präparat / Heterocera / Nr. 17. 368 / Museum Witt München”; 7 ♂, 3 ♀ (paratypes), Li-kiang. ( China), Provinz Nord-Yuennan, leg. H. Höne, collected from 5 to 15.viii in 1935 and 1936 (MWM).

Material dissected. CHINA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.439–17.440, Sichuan, Qingchenghoushan Mts., 70 km NW Chengdu, 1400 m, 15–20.vi.2005, S., V., M. Murzin leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, Sichuan, Qingchenghou Shan, 70 km NW Chengdu, 1500 m, 7.vi.2005, S. V. Murzin leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.423, Shaanxi, Taibaishan Nat. Park, 33°35’ N, 107°43’E, 1300–1500 m, 20.viii–4.ix.1998, V. Murzin & V. Siniaev leg. (MWM); 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.370–17.371, 13.407–13.408, 13.424, prov. Shaanxi, Tapaishan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzbenzi, 33°51–53’ N, 107°49’ E, 1600 m, vi.1999, 1–12.viii.1999, Dr. Ronald Brechlin leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, gen. prep. 17.411, Beijing, 110 km NW Mentougou, Xiaolongmen Forest Stat., 1100 m, 39°56’ E.B., 116°05’ N.L., 1.viii.2000, Dr. A. Schintlmeister leg. (MWM).

Other material studied. CHINA: Sichuan: 10 ♂, 4 ♀, Qingchenghoushan Mts, 70 km NW Chengdu, 1500 m, 15–20.vi.2005, S. V. Murzin leg. (MWM); Shaanxi: 50 ♂, 11 ♀, Tapaishan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzbenzi, 33°51–53’ N, 107°49’ E, 1600 m, vi.1999, 1–12.viii.1999, Dr. Ronald Brechlin leg. (MWM); 4 ♂, Tai bai shan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, 1400 m, Houzbenzi, Sept. 1998, 33°51’ N, 107°49’ E, leg. local collector (MWM); 8 ♂, 7 ♀, Taibaishan Nat. Park, 33°35’ N, 107°43’ E, 1300–1500 m, 20.viii–4.ix 1998, leg. V. Murzin & V. Sinjaev (MWM); 6 ♂, Tapaishan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzbenzi, 33°53’ N, 107°49’ E, 1500 m, June 2000, leg. local collector (MWM); 2 ♂, Taibai Shan Mts, 33°53’ N, 107°49’ E, 1500 m, April 2000, leg. Siniaev & C (MWM); 1 ♀, Tapaishan Mts (S), Tsinling Mts, Houzbenzi, 33°53’ N, 107°49’ E, 1600 m, 15.viii–15.x 1999, leg. local collector (MWM); 2 ♀, Daba Shan, Shou-Man vill., 1000–1700 m, 32°14’ N, 108°34’ E, 15.vi–15.vii 2000, leg. Siniaev & Plutenko (MWM); Hubei: 1 ♀, NO Wuhan City, Tapieh Shan, mvi-eviii 1999, 900– 1600 m, leg. J. Li (MWM).

Description. Male. Forewing length 20–21 mm. Forewing ground colour brown or greyish-brown, orange at basal 1/5; basal part of costal margin black. Outer 1/4 dark brown or dark grey. Hindwings light yellow, with greyish costal area. Cilia colouration like in adjacent part of wing. Male genitalia ( Figs 39–41 ). Uncus moderate in width, downturned at apex, with a small spine at tip. Cucullus oval, extended at apex, membranous, covered with hairs. Sacculus sclerotized, constricted to apex; with a spine at tip. Harpe short, broad, like a simple process with a rounded crest apically. Juxta triangular. Saccus short, apically concave. Aedeagus moderate in length, stout, cylindrical. Vesica long, with long narrow finger-like lobe and a sclerotized blunt claw at its tip. Female. Forewing length 24 mm. Head and thorax light yellow. Abdomen yellow with a noticeable mixture of dark gray hair-like scales. Wing ground colour yellow, but forewings brighter (darker). Forewing with two black spots: one between costa and fore angle of discal cell, another between discal cell and anal vein at middle part of the wing. Cilia colouration like an adjacent part of wing, but at forewing apex marked with black scales. Female genitalia ( Fig. 44 ). Antevaginal plate forms two rugose folds on sides of vaginal sinus; a sclerotized ring is not presented proximally. Ductus bursae broad, sclerotized, covered with more or less visible spines in central and proximal parts. Bursa copulatrix globular, without signi.

Diagnosis. In spite of the dark grey external fore wing area, which can be narrower in some males of L. yuennanensis , this species can be reliably separated from L. quadra by characters of the genitalia: males present a simple harpe, lacking teeth, a long vesica, with a long narrow finger-like lobe and a sclerotized blunt claw at its tip; females present two folds around a rugous vaginal sinus, and lack a proximal sclerotized ring; the ductus bursae is covered with small spines in central and proximal parts.

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Beijing). All these records have been formerly cited as Lithosia quadra ( Daniel, 1952; Fang, 1982, 1985, 2000). Although we have studied specimens from Beijing, Shaanxi and Sichuan, we extrapolate its distribution on neighboring territories of Yunnan and Hubei. However, the species might be found in southern part of Dunbei provinces of China, as well as South Korea. Newly found in southern part of Gifu Prefecture in Japan (Honshu) ( Miyano, 2011; Kishida, 2011b), based on Dubatolov’s specific determination, but without marking “stat. nov.”.

Bionomics. Probably bi- or trivoltine, with moths on the wings in April, from June to Early July, and from August to mid September, depending on the altitude, which ranges from 900 to 1600 m. Hosts unknown. Caterpillars are probably hibernating in submature stage.

Taxonomic remarks. In spite of the isolated island status of the Japanese population, these moths do not differ from the continental ones by morphological or DNA characters. The same similarity exists between isolated populations in different mountain systems in the continental China. So the species is treated here as consisting of the single nominotypical subspecies within the whole area.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Lithosia moths: 1 – 11 — L. quadra Linnaeus; 12 – 13 — L. yuennanensis Daniel. 1 — Phalaena quadra Linnaeus [L. quadra quadra], lectotype, female (above), male, paralectotype, female (below), coll. Linnaean Society; 2 — Phalaena deplana Linnaeus [L. quadra quadra], type, male, coll. of the Hunterian Museum of London; 3 — female, Russia, Daghestan, 8 km S Makhachkala, Talgi; 4 — male, Nordspanien, prov. Gerona, Besalu, Nr. 17402; 5 — male, Russia, Daghestan, 8 km S Makhachkala, Talgi, h = 200 m; 6 — Oeonistis dives Butler [L. quadra dives], type, male, Japan, coll. BMNH; 7 — L. quadra dives, male, N. Korea, Haeju, Su Jong San, Nr. 17405; 8 — L. quadra dives Butler, female, Primorsky Kraj, Kamenushka, GenPräp. Nr. 17427; 9 — L. quadra soligena ssp. n., holotype, male, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Dizin, GenPräp. Nr. 17417; 10 — L. quadra soligena ssp. n., paratype, male, Krasnodarsky Kray, Kropotkin circ., 20. VI. 2004; 11 — L. quadra soligena, paratype, female, Iran, Elburs, Kendevan 2300 – 2800 m, GenPräp. Nr 17420; 12 — L. yuennanensis Daniel, male (holotype) and female (paratype), China, Yunnan, Likiang, coll. ZFMK; 13 — L. yuennanesis Daniel, female, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, Nr. 17423.

FIGURES 33 – 45. Male (33 – 41) and female (42 – 45) genitalia of Lithosia species: 33 — L. quadra, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts., gen. prep. Nr. 17425; 34 — L. quadra, Uzbekistan, Amu-Darja, gen. prep. Nr. 17409; 35 — Lithosia quadra, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., gen. prep. Nr. 17410; 36 — L. quadra soligena, holotype, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Dizin, gen. prep. Nr. 17417; 37 — L. quadra dives, North Korea, gen. prep. Nr. 17405; 38 — L. quadra dives, Japan, Tokyo, gen. prep. Nr. 17406; 39 — L. yuennanensis, China, Yunnan, gen. prep. Nr. 14367; 40 — L. yuennanensis, China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, gen. prep. Nr. 17407; 41 — L. yuennanensis, China, Beijing, gen. prep. Nr. 17411; 42 — Lithosia quadra, Bulgaria, gen. prep. Nr. 17425; 43 — L. quadra soligena, paratype, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Kendevan, gen. prep. Nr. 17420; 44 — L. quadra dives, Japan, Okayama Pref., Mt. Hirusen, gen. prep. Nr. 17421; 45 — L. yuennanensis, China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, gen. prep. Nr. 17423.