Lithosia quadra dives ( Butler, 1877 )

Dubatolov, Vladimir V., Zolotuhin, Vadim V. & Witt, Thomas J., 2016, Revision of Lithosia Fabricius, 1798 and Conilepia Hampson, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), Zootaxa 4107 (2), pp. 175-196 : 182-183

Lithosia quadra dives ( Butler, 1877)

( Figs 9–11 )

OEeonisis dives Butler, 1877 ; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20: 398. TL: “Yokohama”. BMNH.

Type material studied. JAPAN: 1 ♂ ([holo] type of dives ), “ Type ” (on white ring banded with red), “ Japan / F. M. Jonas / 77-9.”, “OE. dives ♂ / Butler Type ” ( BMNH).

Material dissected. RUSSIA: Transbaikalia (Chita) Province: 1 ♂, Argun river basin, Gazimurskii Zavod District, river Budyumkan, 5 km above the mouth, 8.vii.2002, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); Primorskii Krai: 1 ♂, Yakovlevka, 13–19.vii.1981, P.Ya. Ustjuzhanin leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.400, 17.427, Sikhote-Alin, Kamenushka, 1–7.viii.1991, O. Gorbunov & V. Sytchjov leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, same locality, 14.vii.1993, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); Sakhalin Province, Kurile islands, Kunashir, Ivanovskii Cape, 3.viii.1989, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zintchenko & O. Rusanov leg. ( SZMN); NORTH KOREA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.405, 17.422, Haeju, Su-Jong-San, 18–19.vi.1985, E. Palik leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, Paektusan, 12–18.vii.1985, Z. Mráček leg. ( SZMN); JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♂, gen. prep. 17.369, Nara Pref., Kogigatake, 1200 m, 30.vi.1970, J. Razowski leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.406, 17.429, Tokyo Pref., Nippara, Okutama, 600 m, 13.ix.1980, A. Schintlmeister leg. (MWM); 1 ♂, gen. prep. 17.413, Tottori Pref., Mt. Daisen, 800 m, 25.vi.1977, S. Kinoshita leg. (MWM); Ryukyu: 1 ♀, gen. prep. 17.421, Okayama Pref., Mt. Hirusen, Giboshy-san, 760 m, 8.vii.1977, S. Kinoshita leg. (MWM).

Other material studied. RUSSIA: Transbaikalia (Chita) Province: 1 ♂, Argun river basin, Gazimurskii Zavod District, river Budyumkan, 5 km above the mouth, 8.vii.2002, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); Amurskaya Province: 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Zeya, 22–31.vii.2009, 29–30.vi.2010, 14–15.vii.2011, 19–27.vii.2013, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); Zeya Nature Reserve: 1 ♂, kordon Km 62nd (Kamenushka), 54° 07' N, 126° 43' E, 23–24.vii.2013, 8 ♂, 2 ♀, kordon Km 52nd (river Bolshaya Erakingra), 54° 05' N, 126° 52' E, 11–13.vii.2011, 15–16.vii.2012, 24–25.vii.2013, 5 ♂, 3 ♀, kordon Km 34th, 53° 59' N, 127° 04.5' E, 12–13.vii, 24–26.vii.2013, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, kordon Km 20th, 53° 52' N, 127° 07' E, 22–23.vii.2013, 46 ♂, 39 ♀, Zeya storage, Tyoplyi Klyuch, 53° 51' N, 127° 22' E, 28–30.vii.2009, 6–8.vii, 14–15.ix.2010, 16–19.vii.2013, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); 4 ♀, rivers Malaya Pera and Bolshoi Ergel interfluves, ex larvae, 15–20.vii.1958, Sukhareva & Kuznetsov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, Blagoveshchensk vic., Verkhneblagoveshchenskoe, agrobiostation, 6.vii.1998, V. V. Dubatolov & A. N. Streltzov leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♂, Kundur, 23.vii.1990, A. N. Streltzov leg. ( SZMN); Jewish Autonomous Region: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Obluch’e, 16.vi.1990, 14.vii.1994, A. N. Streltzov leg. ( SZMN); Khabarovsk Province: 1 ♂, Chegdomyn, 21.vii.2004, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♂, Lidoga, 49° 30' N, 136° 55' E, 24.ix.2009, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); 1 m $, 1 ♀, Komsomolsk-na-Amure, Silinskii Park, 20–21.vii.2007, V. V. Dubatolov & A. Syachina leg. ( SZMN); 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Pivan, 50° 31' N, 137° 03.5' E, 18.vii, 12–13.viii.2007, 14–15.vii.2009, 24–25.vii.2010, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); 6 ♂, 8 ♀, Kiselevka, 51° 24' N, 139° E, 26–30.vii.2007, 13–14.vii.2008, 26.vii–4.viii.2010, V. V. Dubatolov & A. Syachina leg. ( SZMN); 3 ♂, 9 ♀, North-Eastern slope of Sikhote-Alin Mts., Nature Reserve “Botchinskii”, Kordon Tyoplyi Klyuch, 48° 17.8' N, 139° 34.5 E, by light, 30.vii–4.viii.2014, 11–12.ix.2015, V. V. Dubatolov leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chabarovka, [1882], Graeser leg. ( ZISP); Bolshekhekhtsyrskii Nature Reserve: 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Kordon Chirki at the river Chirki mouth, 48° 16.8' N, 134° 41' E, 14.vii.2005, 25–26.viii.2011, 25–26.vi, 1–2.viii.2012, 3–4.vii.2013, 14–15.vii.2014, 63 ♂, 74 ♀, Kazakevichevo, 17.vii–10.ix.2007, 7.vii–21.ix.2008, 13–22.viii.2009, 6.viii–12.ix.2010, 4–8.viii, 4–5.ix.2011, 22.vii–9.viii, 8–11.ix.2012, 16–26.vii.2014, 46 ♂, 23 ♀, rivulet Sosninskii, 48° 16.2' N, 134° 46.3' E, 26.vii.2007, 19–20.viii.2010, 18–19.vii, 6–7.viii.2011, 1.vii–9.viii.2012, 2–3.vii.2013, 20 ♂, 12 ♀, kordon Sosninskii, 48° 14.3' N, 134° 46.8' E, 450 m, 15–16.vii, 18–19.viii.2010, 25–26.vii.2011, 1 ♂, rivulet Sosninskii headwater, 48° 13.45' N, 134° 46.75' E, 800 m, 25–26.vii.2011, 206 ♂, 136 ♀, Bychikha, 48° 18' N, 134° 49' E, 9.vii–15.viii, 15–18.ix.2005, 5.vii–4.viii, 24.viii–1.ix.2006, 29.vi–10.ix.2007, 30.vi–21.ix.2008, 16.vii–24.viii.2009, 6.vii–20.ix.2010, 17.vii–28.ix.2011, 1.vii–29.ix.2012, 1.vii–11.ix.2013, 7.vii–9.viii, 13–23.ix.2014, 21.vii–1.ix.2015, 5 ♂, 3 ♀, Chirki bog, 48° 09' N, 135° 08' E, 4– 5.vii, 24–25.vii, 5– 6.viii, 9–10.ix.2012, 22–23.vii.2014, 2 ♀, kordon Odyr, 48° 07' N, 134° 52' E, 19.ix.2006, 16–17.vii.2009, V. V. Dubatolov & A. M. Dolgikh leg. ( SZMN); Primorskii krai: 1 ♀, river Lefu (Ilistaya), Khalkidon, 2.vii.1980, Nagomatullin leg. ( SZMN); 3 ♂, Tjutiche, 17.vii.1914, Kotshubej leg. ( ZMKDU); 6 ♂, 5 ♀, Yakovlevka, 13–31.vii.1981, 7–8.viii.1983, P. Ya. Ustjuzhanin leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♀, Chernyshevka, 21.vii.1981, V. Bakurov leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 20 km NNW from Chernyshevka, rivulets Tyoplyi & Kamenistyi, 14.vii, 6.viii.1993, V. V. Dubatolov & V. K. Zintchenko leg. ( SZMN); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Vinogradovka, 11.vii–5.viii.1929, Djakonov & Filipjev leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♀, river Suputinka (now—Komarovka) middle flow, 12.vii.1935, A. I. Kurentzov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, river Suputinka, 29–30.vii.1971 ( SZMN); 1 ♀, 20 km SE Ussuriisk, dendrarium, 8.vii. [1]982, M. V. Kozlov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♀, river Maikhe, 24.vii.1972, V. Prasolov leg. ( ZISP); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Suchanskii Rudnik (now—Partizansk), 2–27.viii.1934, Palshkov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, Tigrovoe, 21.vii. [19]29, A. I. Kurentzov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, Fridman, 18.viii.1993, Dubatolov & Zintchenkjo leg. ( SZMN); 2 ♂, Lazo District, Preobrazhenie, 16–17.vii.2007, A. Ovchinnikov leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, Razdolnaya, 18.vii. [19]24, Dulkeit leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Vladivostok, Sedanka, 18.vii–7.viii.1918, K. G. Kriger-Voinov.[skii] leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♀, Vladivostok vic., Chernaya Rechka (Okeanskaya), viii.1931, Moltrecht leg. ( ZISP); 1 ♂, Kedrovaya Pad’ Nature Reserve, 17–20.viii.1953, A. S. Lisetskii leg. ( ZISP); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Gamov peninsula, Vitjaz bay, 21–25.vii.1979, V. V. Dubatolov leg. ( SZMN); Sakhalin: 8 ♂, 15 ♀, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 14.viii.1989, 2 ♂, Urozhainoe, 15–16.viii.1989, Dubatolov, Zintchenko & Rusanov leg. ( SZMN); KUNASHIR: 1 m $, Ivanovskii Cape, 3.viii.1989, V. V. Dubatolov, V. K. Zintchenko & O. Rusanov leg. ( SZMN); CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 ♀, Harbin, vi.[1]903 ( ZISP); KOREA: 3 ♀, Paektusan, 12–18.vii.1985, Z. Mráček leg. ( SZMN); JAPAN: Hokkaido: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Asahi-Mura, 21–28.vii 1957, coll. Murayana (MWM); 1 ♀, Asahi-Mura, 21.viii 1956, coll. Murayana (MWM); 1 ♀, Obihiro, 16.viii 1960, coll. Murayana (MWM); 1 ♂, Shibecha, 2–4.viii 1975, leg. R. Sato (MWM); Honshu: 1 ♂, Aomori Pref., Tazawako City, Tazawako-See, 500 m, 3.x 1980, leg. Schintlmeister (MWM); 1 ♂, Iwate Prov., Morioka, 1.vii 1954 (MWM); 1 ♂, 1♀, Nagano, Usuitoga b. Karutzawa, 1100 m, 27.vii 1960, leg. Murayama (MWM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Nagano, Sigakogen, 10.vii 1953, leg. Mutuura (MWM); 1 ♂, Nagano Pref., Karuitzawa-Tsuigoi, 700 m, 8.ix 1980, leg. Schintlmeister (MWM); 3 ♂, Mt. Nagano, Tokakushi, 9–26.viii 1964, coll. H. Nashimoto (MWM); 1 ♂, Nagano, Hakubamura, 30.viii 1982, leg. Y. Kishida (MWM); 1 ♂, Gifu, 13.vi 1915 (MWM); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Tokyo Pref., Nippara, 13.ix 1980, Okutama, 600 m, leg. Schintlmeister (MWM); 1 ♀, Yokohama, 25.ix 1911, leg. H. Hoene (MWM); 1 ♂, Kyoto, Berg Hi-ei; 800 m, 5.vii 1954, leg. Murayama (MWM); 1 ♂, Pref. Kyoto, Kibune, 30.vi 1956, leg. S. Murayama (MWM); 1 ♂, [ Hyogo Perf.,] Rokkosan bei Kobe, 1000 m, Ende vii 1934, leg. H. Hoene (MWM); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Nara Pref., Hogigatake, 30.vi 1970, leg. J. Razowski (MWM); Kyushu: 1 ♀, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hikosan, 800 m, 21.viii 1980, leg. Schintlmeister (MWM); 2 ♂, [Nagasaki pref.], [Mt.] Unzen, 20.vii. [1]907, Chersky leg. ( ZISP).

Description. Male. Forewing length 15–21 mm. Similar to that of the nominate subspecies but rather darker and generally larger. Male genitalia ( Fig. 37–38 ). As in the nominate subspecies, with appendages rather heavier. Female. Forewing length 18–25 mm. Wing pattern also slightly darker than in the nominotypical subspecies. Female genitalia ( Fig. 44 ). As in the nominate subspecies.

Diagnosis. In spite of weak morphological differences we propose to keep the name L. quadra dives for the Far Eastern population of the species because of a distinct gap widely separating West Palearctic and East Asiatic populations. This decision is supported by low, but obvious differences in COI for most specimens investigated (0.12–0.25%). Larger size and darker ground coloration are also generally typical for island Japanese populations; the harpe in male genitalia is also somewhat heavier built.

Distribution ( Fig. 56 ). The subspecies occurs from Eastern Transbaikalia via Amur basin (excluding the river Amur lower reaches), Primorye and Sakhalin to Southern Kurile Islands in South-Eastern Russia; it is also distributed in North Eastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaonin), Korea and Japan.

Bionomics. L. quadra dives occurs mainly in broad leaved and mixed forests. In the middle part of Amur basin (Khabarovsk suburbs) this subspecies flies from late June or early July till early or middle August; but every year moths of the second (probably not complete) generation appear in late August or early September and fly till the end of September. Hosts are unknown; just ‘lichens’ are given on http://www.jpmoth.org/

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Lithosia moths: 1 – 11 — L. quadra Linnaeus; 12 – 13 — L. yuennanensis Daniel. 1 — Phalaena quadra Linnaeus [L. quadra quadra], lectotype, female (above), male, paralectotype, female (below), coll. Linnaean Society; 2 — Phalaena deplana Linnaeus [L. quadra quadra], type, male, coll. of the Hunterian Museum of London; 3 — female, Russia, Daghestan, 8 km S Makhachkala, Talgi; 4 — male, Nordspanien, prov. Gerona, Besalu, Nr. 17402; 5 — male, Russia, Daghestan, 8 km S Makhachkala, Talgi, h = 200 m; 6 — Oeonistis dives Butler [L. quadra dives], type, male, Japan, coll. BMNH; 7 — L. quadra dives, male, N. Korea, Haeju, Su Jong San, Nr. 17405; 8 — L. quadra dives Butler, female, Primorsky Kraj, Kamenushka, GenPräp. Nr. 17427; 9 — L. quadra soligena ssp. n., holotype, male, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Dizin, GenPräp. Nr. 17417; 10 — L. quadra soligena ssp. n., paratype, male, Krasnodarsky Kray, Kropotkin circ., 20. VI. 2004; 11 — L. quadra soligena, paratype, female, Iran, Elburs, Kendevan 2300 – 2800 m, GenPräp. Nr 17420; 12 — L. yuennanensis Daniel, male (holotype) and female (paratype), China, Yunnan, Likiang, coll. ZFMK; 13 — L. yuennanesis Daniel, female, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, Nr. 17423.

FIGURES 33 – 45. Male (33 – 41) and female (42 – 45) genitalia of Lithosia species: 33 — L. quadra, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts., gen. prep. Nr. 17425; 34 — L. quadra, Uzbekistan, Amu-Darja, gen. prep. Nr. 17409; 35 — Lithosia quadra, East Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., gen. prep. Nr. 17410; 36 — L. quadra soligena, holotype, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Dizin, gen. prep. Nr. 17417; 37 — L. quadra dives, North Korea, gen. prep. Nr. 17405; 38 — L. quadra dives, Japan, Tokyo, gen. prep. Nr. 17406; 39 — L. yuennanensis, China, Yunnan, gen. prep. Nr. 14367; 40 — L. yuennanensis, China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, gen. prep. Nr. 17407; 41 — L. yuennanensis, China, Beijing, gen. prep. Nr. 17411; 42 — Lithosia quadra, Bulgaria, gen. prep. Nr. 17425; 43 — L. quadra soligena, paratype, Nordiran, Elbursgebirge, Kendevan, gen. prep. Nr. 17420; 44 — L. quadra dives, Japan, Okayama Pref., Mt. Hirusen, gen. prep. Nr. 17421; 45 — L. yuennanensis, China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan, gen. prep. Nr. 17423.

FIGURES 56 – 57. Distribution maps of Lithosia (56) and Conilepia (57): 56 — L. quadra (black rings) and L. yuennanensis (green rings); 57 — C. nigricosta (black rings, larger rings show the province locality without exact data), C. sikkima (red rings), C. cao (blue rings).