Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831)

Kočí, Tomáš & Jäger, Manfred, 2015, Sabellid And Serpulid Worms (Polychaeta, Canalipalpata, Sabellida, Sabellidae, Serpulidae) From The Rocky Coast Facies (Late Cenomanian) At Předboj Near Prague, Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae Series B 71 (1 - 2), pp. 31-50 : 33-34

Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831)

Pl. 1, Fig. 6

1831 Serpula cincta nobis – Goldfuss, p. 237, pl. 70, fig. 9a–c.

1983 Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831) – Jäger, p. 68–71, pl. 8, fig. 8–13.

1996 Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831) – Radwańska, p. 71, pl. 8, fig. 1–6.

2005 Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831) – Jäger, p. 151, pl. 2, fig. 10–13.

2007b Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS) – Kočí, p. 112– 113, fig. 1–2.

2011 Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS, 1831) – Jäger, p. 686, pl. 4, fig. 1.

2012b Filogranula cincta (GOLDFUSS) – Kočí, p. 122, fig. 1F.

M a t e r i a l: One specimen.

S u b s t r a t e: No substrate is preserved.

D e s c r i p t i o n. The tube is 7 mm long. The tube diameter is 1.8 mm at the posterior trapezoidal cross-section and 1.2 mm at the aperture. The upper side of the tube bears three cocks‘ comb-like longitudinal ridges. The lumen is circular.

R e m a r k s a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p s. Filogranula cincta resembles three Late Cretaceous species: Vermiliopsis fluctuata (J. DE C. SOWERBY, 1829) , Metavermilia (Vepreculina) fimbriata REGENHARDT, 1961 and Serpula ? trilineata ROEMER, 1841. Vermiliopsis fluctuata has an extra two longitudinal ridges and is heptangular in cross-section, its aperture does not show any strong tendency to grow upwards. The latter is also true for Serpula ? trilineata which erroneously was affiliated to the genus Janita SAINT-JOSEPH, 1894 by Jäger (1983). Moreover, Serpula ? trilineata has weaker longitudinal ridges and delicate transverse ornamentation. Metavermilia (Vepreculina) fimbriata , of which only the free tube portion is known, has a smaller tube diameter of only 0.7–1.0 mm, and a variable number of often granulose longitudinal ridges which occur all around the tube.

Like Filogranula cincta , the Recent Crucigera websteri BENEDICT, 1887 has three irregularly undulating longitudinal keels that may reach 1.4 mm in height. Its tube differs in its circular cross-section, greater width which may reach 5.5 mm including the keels, and by the fact that in juvenile specimens the base of the keels may be perforated. Sometimes there is a pair of faintly developed longitudinal ridges near the base of the tube. Terminal flaring peristomes or collar-like rings have not been observed (ten Hove and Jansen-Jacobs 1984).

According to Lommerzheim (1979) who considered Filogranula cincta a synonym of Vermiliopsis fluctuata and combined them under the name Filogranula fluctuata , the present species lived in an ecologically wide range of marine shelf environments from the littoral down to a water depth of circa 200 m. Jäger (1983) confirmed the wide ecological range of Filogranula cincta . This species was attached to various kinds of hard substrate (pieces of rock, coral sceletons, sponges, shells, filiform stems of algae). The detailed palaeoecogical relationships were mentioned by Kočí (2007b). According to Zibrowius (1968), Recent representatives of the genus Filogranula live in the Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic at depths of 15–1780 metres, prefering deep, calm habitats, even though some specimens also live in water currents. In the Mediterranean Sea, Filogranula is also common in submarine caves in relatively shallow water, even in the darkest and most remote parts. Other species of Filogranula live at Brazil and Japan.