Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Makhov, Ilya, 2021, Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the Baikal region: keys to species and an annotated catalogue. Part 1. Ennominae, Zootaxa 4962 (1), pp. 1-125 : 53

64. Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)

(male gens Fig. 23H, 23I )

Amphidasis betularius: Erschov & Field, 1870: 166 ; Staudinger, 1871: 163 (“Sib. or.”); Staudinger & Rebel, 1901: 336 (“Sib.

or.”); Tomilova, 1977: 49. Biston betularius fumosaria Alpheraky, 1897 : Djakonov, 1926: 65. Amphidasir [sic!] betularia: Kolmakova, 1962: 115 . Biston betularia: Tomilova, 1962: 130 ; Kondakov et al., 1979: 49; Mironov & Belova, 2015: 61. Biston betularius sibiricus Fuchs, 1899 : Viidalepp, 1979: 792; 1996: 91; Volkova, 1985: 104. Biston betularius: Belova, 1988: 22 ; 2000a: 110; 2008: 46; 2009: 178; 2010: 22; Vasilyeva, 1989: 112; Rudykh & Gordeeva,

1997: 65; Berlov & Berlov, 2006: 109; Gordeeva & Gordeev, 2007: 147;

Material examined. Irkutskaya Oblast: Pilot, 22. VI.2010, 3♂; s.loc., 27.VII.2009, 1spm.;s. loc., 6.VII.2008, 1 spm.; s. loc., 3.VII.2009, 2 spms.; Snezhnaya , 20. VI .2016 , 1 spm.; Lavrentyevo , 1.VIII.2010, 1 spm.; s. loc., 21. VI.2015, 1♂; s. loc., 31. V.2018, 1♀; s. loc., 2.06.2018, 1♂; s. loc., 13–16. VI.2018, 1♂; s. loc., 20. VI .2019 , 5♂; Sarma , 22.VII.2019, 1♂ [ IM]; Irkutsk , 5.VII.1912, 3♂; s. loc., 10.VII.1912, 1♂; s. loc., 9.VII.1912, 3♂, S. Rodionov; s. loc., 7.VII.1912, 1♀; s. loc., 9.VII.1912, 1♂, C. Ahnger; s. loc., 24. VI.1911, 2♂; s. loc., 28. VI .1911 , 2♂, I. Kolesnik; s. loc., 25. VI.?, 1♂, V . Dorogostaysky [ ZIN]; s. loc.,?.?.1962, 1 spm.; B. Koty,?.?.1973, 1 spm., V . Tomilova; s. loc., 16.VII.1965, 6 spms.; s. loc., 19.VII.1965, 8 spms.; s. loc., 27.VII.1965, 2 spms.; s. loc., 22.VII.1965, 1 spm.; s. loc., 15.VII.1965, 2 spms.; s. loc., 4.VII.1942, 1 spm. (unknown collector); Irkutsk , 25.VII.1971, 1 spm., I. Svyatoy; Urik , 14.VIII.1974, 1 spm., Kondyreva ; Irkutsk , 3. VI .1973 , 1 spm.; Podkamennaya , 14.VII.2006, 1 spm.; s. loc., 26. VI .2020 , 1♂, V. Shilenkov; Melnikovo, 28. VI.1940, 1 spm.; s. loc., 20. VI.1940, 1 spm.; s. loc., 13. VI.1941, 1 spm.; s. loc., 25. VI.1941, 1 spm.; s. loc., 28. VI.1941, 1 spm.; s. loc., 21.VII.1964, 1 spm., A. Bykov [ BF]; Fakel , 4.VIII.2009, 1 spm.; s. loc., 19. VI .2011 , 1 spm., E. Berlov [ EB]. Buryatia: Istomino , 23. VI .2016 , 1♂; Rechka Vydrinaya , 24.VII.2014, 2 spms.; s. loc., 20.VII.2014, 1 spm.; Bayan , 6.VII.2016, 1 spm.; s. loc., 5.VII.2016, 1♂; Senokosny , 29. VI .2015 , 3♂; Mostovka , 27. VI.2015, 2♂, 1♀; s. loc., 25. VI .2016 , 1♂; Tarbagatay , 29. VI .2016 , 1 spm.; Beloozersk , 3.VII.2016, 1 spm. [ IM]; Ulan-Ude , 21.VII.1964, 1 spm., Kuznetsova [ ZIN]; s. loc ., 26. VI .1973 , 1♂, N. Balatsky; Khuramsha , 22. VI .1974 , 1♂, A. Tarmaeva [ ISEA].

Distribution. Holarctic, temperate.Throughout the Russian territory from Kaliningradskaya Oblast to Primorye, Sakhalin Isl., Kurils. Outside Russia in Europe, Turkey, Transcaucasia, Kyrgyzstan; Kazakhstan; Mongolia; Korea, China (excepted S and Taiwan Isl.), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu isl.), Nepal, N America.

Hostplants: different deciduous (e.g. Betula ) and coniferous trees and shrubs; herbaceous plants ( Beljaev 2016).

Figures

FIGURE 23. Male genitalia of Siberian Ennominae. A, B—Erannis golda; C, D—E. jacobsoni; E–G—Bupalus piniaria; H, I—Biston betularia; J, K—Jankowskia bituminaria; L, M—Spartopteryx kindermannaria. A, C, E, F, H, J, L—genital segment; E—lateral view; B, D, G, I, K, M—phallos. Scale bar—1 mm.