Ipomoea philomega (Vell.) House

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

352. Ipomoea philomega (Vell.) House , Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 246. 1908. (House 1908b: 246)

Convolvulus philomega Vell. , Fl. Flumen.74, t.63. 1825 [pub. 1829]. (Vellozo, 1829: 74). Type. BRAZIL (lectotype, original parchment plate of Flora Fluminensis in the manuscript section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198651-063], redesignated here; later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flum. Icon. 2: t. 63. 1827. [pub. 1831], the published plate (Vellozo 1831) designated as lectotype by Austin, 1982b: 74)

Ipomoea demerariana Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 361. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 361). Type. GUYANA. Parker s.n. (holotype K000899614).

Ipomoea capparoides Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 376. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 376). Type. BRAZIL. Bahia, Blanchet 861 (isotype BM).

Ipomoea macrophylla Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 374. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 374). Type. BRAZIL. Pará, sine col. (P, n.v.).

Ipomoea cardiosepala Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 265. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 265). Type. BRAZIL. Rio de Janiero, W.J. Burchell 1865 (holotype BR, isotype K).

Ipomoea macrophylla var. selloana Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil.7: 264. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 264). Type. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, F. Sello s.n. (B?†).

Ipomoea costaricensis Kuntze , Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 443. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 443). Type. COSTA RICA. Zwischen Bagua und Angostura, Kuntze s.n. (isotype NY00319084).

Aniseia syringifolia Dammer , Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23 (Beibl. 57): 38. 1897. Type. BRAZIL. "Rio de Janeiro", A.F.M. Glaziou 8191 (K, RB).

Ipomoea paraensis Peter , Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (3a): 30. 1897 [pub. 1891]. (Peter 1891: 30). Type. BRAZIL. Pará, Rio Capim, ad Lac. Putirytá, herb. Schwacke III, 160 (lectotype GOET005710, designated by Staples et al. 2012: 675).

Ipomoea philomega var. marowynensis Ooststr. , Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 221. 1936. (Ooststroom 1936: 221). Type. FRENCH GUIANA. St. Jean, R. Benoist 892 (holotype P03539779).

Type.

Based on Convolvulus philomega Vell.

Description.

Liana to 10 m; stems thick, woody, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, 7-13 × 7-12 cm, broadly ovate, shallowly cordate with rounded auricles, apex acute or shortly acuminate, shortly mucronate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent ( var. marowynensis ) or glabrous; petioles 6-10 cm. Inflorescence of many-flowered, pedunculate axillary cymes, these often appearing paniculate or racemose with peduncle extended to form a central rhachis; peduncle 3-20 cm long, stout, glabrous; bracteoles 17-19 × 3-8 mm, oblong to narrowly obovate, acute, deciduous; secondary peduncles 1-3 cm; sepals subequal, glabrous or (rarely) pubescent, 12-17 × 10-14 mm, outer oblong-elliptic, rounded, often reddish, inner obovate with scarious margins; corolla 5-6 cm long, deep pink, glabrous, narrowly funnel-shaped with a narrow, tube which is slightly constricted below limb, limb c. 4 cm diam., unlobed. Capsules ovoid, 13 × 10 mm, glabrous; seeds 6 × 3-4 mm, woolly.

Illustration.

Austin (1998: 404). Figure 167A , 169 .

Distribution.

Ipomoea philomega is a characteristic and common plant of moist rainforest throughout the neotropics and is probably the best indicator species of Ipomoea for this habitat. It is rare above 1000 m and is not present in seasonally dry tropical forests so absent from most of Mexico, coastal Colombia and Venezuela, most of the Cerrado and all the Chaco.

BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, J.U. Santos et al. 59 (RB, MG, FTG). Alagoas: M. Oliveira 891 (RB). Amapá: E. de Oliveira 4396 (NY). Amazonas: D.G. Campbell et al. P20904 (K). Ceará: J. Paula-Souza 11128 (ESA). Mato Grosso: P. Estadual Cristalina, D. Sasaki et al. 2182 (K). Pará: D. G. Campbell et al. P22496 (NY, K, S); W.R. Anderson 10851 (MO). Paraná: Guaíra, G. Hatschbach 13327 (RB). Pernambuco: A. Melo 358 (CEPEC). Rio de Janeiro: E. Pereira 9894 (K, HB, RB), 36920 (K); R. Marquete 1520 (K). Rondônia: W.R. Anderson 12157 (MO). Roraima: M. Nadruz 2626 (RB). Tocantins: L.B. Bianchetti et al. 548 (CEN).

FRENCH GUIANA. Oldeman 578 (K, P); F. Crozier 1672 (K, P); Cremers & Hoff 10620 (G).

SURINAM. J.C. Lindman et al. 605 (K); R.J. Evans et al. 2689 (K, MO).

GUYANA. D.H. Davis 233 (K), N. Sandwith 248 (K); Essequibo River, B. Maguire & D.B. Fanshawe 22891 (BM, NY).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Est. Biológica del Beni, E. Rivero 256 (K, LPB, SP). Cochabamba: Carrasco, Puerto Villarroel, F. Fernández Casas 7914 (NY, MO); Chapare, J.R.I. Wood 21400 (BOLV, K, LPB). Pando: Manuripi, de la Sota 925 (LIL); Suárez, Cobija F. Fernández Casas & A. Susanna 8086 (NY, MO, G); E.Ule 9703 (K). Santa Cruz: Ichilo, Río Ichilo bridge, M. Nee 46450 (LPB, MO, NY, USZ).

PERU. Amazonas: P.C. Hutchison & J.K. Wright 3647 (K, UC). Cusco: C. Sandeman 3712 (K, OXF). Loreto: T. Croat 19851 (K, MO, P); Maynas, Iquitos, S. McDaniel & Rimachi 25337 (F, MO, USM); A. Gentry et al. 61993 (USM). Madre de Dios: Río Malinowski con Tambopata, C. Evrard 9776 (BM, BR); S.F. Smith et al. 1642 (F, K, P); 1988 (F). Pasco: A. Gentry & D.N. Smith 36044 (MO, USM). San Martín: J. Schunke 4726 (F, K, MO). Ucayali: R. Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 1521 (MO).

ECUADOR. Carchi: Tulcán, D. Rubio et al. 1635 (MO). Esmeraldas: C. Jativa & C. Epling 2158 (MO, NY, S, US). Imbabura: G. Harling 4301 (MO). Morona-Santiago: valle alto de Río Quimi, Cordillera del Condor, W. Quizhbe 2283 (MO, LOJA). Napo: M. Lugo 3116 (K, MO, S); Yasuni Forest Reserve, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. 7570 (K, NY, P); E. Asplund 16475 (S). Orellana: M.J. Macía et al. 2981 (MO). Pichincha: Res. Forest. Endesa, J. Jaramillo 6730 (GB). Sucumbíos: H. Balslev et al. 84729 (AAU, MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: Cordillera del Condor, W. Quizhbe 2260 (LOJA, MO).

COLOMBIA. Amazonas: P.N. Amacayaca, J.M. Cardie & M.L. Vidal 190A (BM); T. Plowman et al. 2288 (K). Antioquia: Río Negro, J. Cuatrecasas 26192 (COL). Boyacá: A.E. Lawrance 366 (BM), 468 (BM, K), 755 (K, MO, RB, S); Chocó: J.W.L. Robinson 314 (K); E. Forrero 2321 (COL, RB). Meta: J. Espina 416 (COL). Nariño: Tumaco, R. Romero 3385 (COL). Putumayo: Umbria, G. Klug 1799 (BM, K, MO, S). Santander: A. Gentry & E. Rentería 20054 (MO). Valle: R.E. Schultes & Villarroel 7393 (K). Vaupés: Río Apaporis, R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 112639 (BM).

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: B. Stannard 421 (K). Apure: G. Davidse & A.C. González 21903 (MO). Barinas: J. Steyermark & M. Rabe 96516 (MO, NY, VEN). Bolívar: G. Aymard et al. 4169 (MO). Delta Amacuro: C.A. Blanco 420 (MO). Lara: P.N. Yacambú, G. Davidse & A.C. González 20986 (MO, OXF). Mérida: de Bruijn 967 (MO, VEN). Miranda: Paéz, G. González 1167 (MO). Sucre: J. Steyermark & G. Agostini 91391(K, VEN), 99588 (S, VEN). Táchira: J. Steyermark et al. 119717 (MO). Zulia: de Bruijn 1215 (K, MO, VEN); Also Monagas and Yaracuy fide Austin (1982b).

PANAMA. Comarca de San Blas, J.F. McDonagh et al. 108 (BM, MO); Arenoso, R. J. Seibert 607 (K); W. Lewis 3423 (F).

COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, P.N. Isla del Coco, F. Quesada 1056 (K, MO); Limon, P. Wilkin et al. 114 (BM); Alajuela, K. Flores & K. Martínez 117 (BM, MO).

NICARAGUA. Jinotega, I. Coronado et al. 2450 (BM, MO); Zelaya, Cano Costa Riquita, W.D. Stevens 5017 (BM, MO).

HONDURAS. Puerto Lempira, C.H. Nelson & E. Romero 4183 (MO).

BELIZE. Cayo, Smokey Branch River, C. Whitefoord 9067 (BM); Stann Creek, P.H. Gentle 2761 (K, MO); ibid., W.A. Schipp 288 (K).

GUATEMALA. Izabal, T. Croat 41816 (MO); ibid., El Estor, E. Contreras 11152 (S).

MEXICO. Veracruz: San Andrés Tuxtla, G. Ibarra Manríquez 479 (IEB, MO).

JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 33468 (BM); St Ann’s, Purdie (K).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H10319 (S).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. E.L. Ekman H15891 (S).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St Thomas, M. Finlay s.n. [1841] (P). St Kitts: fide Powell (1979). Guadeloupe: fide Powell (1979). Dominica: Ramage 175 (BM, K); C. Whitefoord 3633 (BM); Ernst 1815 (BM, US). Martinique: Steblé s.n. (P). St Lucia: G.R. Proctor 21625 (BM). St Vincent: H.G.A. von Eggers 6808 (P).

TRINIDAD. W.E. Broadway 6662 (BM, K, MO); A.C. Jermy 2456 (BM). Tobago: W.E. Broadway 4283 (BM, K).

Typification.

There are two collections by Parker labelled Ipomoea demerariana at Kew. The plant from Demerara is I. philomega whereas the plant from Barbados is a species of Operculina . As Choisy only cites the Demerara plant this should be treated as the type.

Notes.

A vigorous liana reaching at least 10 m in height, this species is usually easily identified by its woody stems (and peduncles), abaxially pubescent leaves and relatively small corolla. The elliptic, rounded, often reddish sepals are especially distinctive. It is most likely to be confused with Ipomoea chondrosepala but the inflorescences are many-flowered, often paniculate in form, the sepals opague and often reddish and the corolla shorter and often slightly constricted below the limb.

Var. marowynensis represents a form with a densely pubescent to subtomentose indumentum recorded from Surinam and French Guyana. (Ooststroom 1936: 221). Similar plants are found in Ecuador, sometimes with white flowers; examples include A.J. Pérez et al. 6685 (QCA) and J. Jaramillo & F. Coello 2592 (QCA) from Napo. Further study is needed to establish the status of these plants.

Figures

Figure 167. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. philomega B I. cairica C I. pandurata D I. acanthocarpa E I. aquatica. A http: // faunaandfloraofvietnam. blogspot. com B John Wood C Steve Turner D Maira Martinez E Wikipedia Commons.

Figure 169. Ipomoea philomega. A leaves and stem B abaxial leaf surface C inflorescence D flower E outer sepal F inner sepal G corolla opened out to show stamens H ovary and style. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A-C from Bianchetti 548 D from photo; E-H from Buchtien 1219.