Calvarium Pic, 1918

Zwick, Peter, 2014, Australian Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). 6. Genera Calvarium Pic, Papuacyphon Zwick, and Ypsiloncyphon Klausnitzer, Zootaxa 3846 (1), pp. 1-41 : 2

Genus Calvarium Pic, 1918

The genus Calvarium w as proposed for non-saltatorial African Scirtidae with unmodified hind legs. The poorly known genus was redescribed by Ruta (2010). He transferred several species first described in genus Cyphon to Calvarium and provided a list of the named species, many of them Asian. The genus is for the first time recorded from Australia.

The six new Australian species agree with the redescription of Calvarium (Ruta 2010) in the following derived characters:

• A wide short head with a narrow oral area, the labrum corresponding to only ca 20% of total head width ( Figs. 1, 6 ).

• A deep antennal sulcus ( Fig. 7 ).

• Antennal scape wide, with sharp anterior edge. At rest it lies horizontally in the space between the antennal insertion and the eye, filling it completely. Pedicel inserted on the lower face of the scape, near its distal edge. The pedicel and the base of the flagellum lie deep in the antennal sulcus when the pedicel stands at right angle to the scape. The tip of the long 2nd flagellomere projects caudally from the sulcus ( Fig. 7 ).

• Prosternal process with anterior portion parallel-sided, posterior portion wide, lanceolate, pilose ( Fig. 20 ). • Groove on mesoventrite receiving the prosternal process wide and short, bordered by ridges ( Fig. 20 ). • Mesoventrite wide and short, barely longer than distance between middle coxae ( Fig. 20 ). • Coarse, groove-like punctures laterally from mesoventral groove and behind front margin of metaventral process ( Fig. 20 ).

The characteristic structure of the described male genitalia of Calvarium species, including membranous S8 and S9 lacking sclerites (Klausnitzer 2006a, b, Ruta 2007, 2010,Yoshitomi 1998, 2007, Yoshitomi & Sato 2004) is shared by only two of the new Australian species, from the Northern Territory ( Figs. 10–17 ). Four new species from North Queensland differ in male genitalia ( Figs. 21–25 , 29–42 ). The sutures on the lower face of the head also differ somewhat ( Figs. 1, 6 ). Therefore, a new subgenus, Calvariellum n. subgen., is proposed separating them from the nominate subgenus in which all other species remain.

Figures

FIGURES 1 − 9. Calvarium spp., head morphology. 1 – 5, C. (C.) australiense, n. sp.; 6 – 9, C. (Calvariellum) hamifer, n. sp.: 1, 6, ventral views of mounted heads; 2, left mandible, dorsal view; 3, labrum; 4, maxillary palpus; 5, labium; 7, frontal view, slightly from ventral side, diagrammatic, right antenna removed; 8, maxillary palpus; 9, labial palpus. Figures 2 – 5 and 8, 9 to the same scale, respectively; Fig. 7 not to scale. Abbreviations: af, antennal foramen; as, accessory suture; asu, antennal sulcus; la, labrum; md, mandible; sgr, subgenal ridge; sor, subocular ridge; trs, transverse suture.

FIGURES 18 − 20. Calvarium (Calvariellum) hamifer, n. sp., male: 18, contour in dorsal view; 19, antenna; 20, central portion of thorax, ventral side. After photographs. Fig. 20 not to scale, diagrammatic. Abbreviations: cx I, fore coxa; cx II, middle coxa; g, groove receiving prosternal process (psp); msp, process of mesoventrite; mtp, process of metaventrite.

FIGURES 10 − 13. Calvarium (Calvarium) australiense, n. sp., male: 10, T 8; 11, T 9; 12, penis; 13, tegmen and parameres. All to the same scale.

FIGURES 14 − 17. Calvarium (Calvarium) superbum, n. sp., male: 14, superimposed T 8 and T 9; 15, tegmen and parameres; 16, penis; 14 – 16 are dorsal views, to the same scale. 17, slightly oblique lateral view of tegmen and parameres overlying the penis; after a photograph of the cleared, artificially everted genitalia, not to scale.

FIGURES 21 − 25. Calvarium (Calvariellum) hamifer, n. sp., male: 21, T 8, ventral; 22, S 8; 23, S 9 and the apodemes representing T 9, superimposed; 24, penis; 25 tegmen (25 holotype, the other paratypes from Mt. Tozer; all to the same scale).

FIGURES 29 − 37. Calvarium (Calvariellum) spp., males. C. cochlearifer, n. sp.: 29, T 8 and S 8, superimposed; 30, penis; 31, T 9, S 9 and tegmen (tn) with parameres (p) superimposed. C. bellendenker, n. sp.: 32, T 8; 33, S 8; 34, T 9; 35, S 9; 36, penis; 37, tegmen and parameres. Figures for a given species to the same scale.

FIGURES 38 − 42. Calvarium (Calvariellum) lancifer, n. sp., male: 38, T 8; 39, detail of microtrichial armature of same; 40, one of the struts representing T 9; 41, S 9 and tegmen (tn) with parameres (p) superimposed; 42, penis. All figures except 39 to the same scale.