Gigantopora lyncoides Ridley, 1881

Larré, Igor R. N. M., Almeida, Ana C. S. & Vieira, Leandro M., 2024, On some colorful bryozoans from Brazil: reevaluation of Aptonella violacea Canu & Bassler, 1928 and a new species of Cosciniopsis Canu & Bassler, 1927, Zootaxa 5506 (2), pp. 245-260 : 252-253

Gigantopora lyncoides Ridley, 1881

( Fig. 4 )

Gigantopora lyncoides Ridley, 1881: 47 , pl. 6, fig. 3; Vieira et al. 2008: 30; Almeida et al. 2015: 5, table 1.

Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1879.12 .27.78, Espírito Santo , Brazil, 20º 42’ 00’’ S, 37º 27’ 00’’ W, 60 m. Additional specimens: UFBA 302 , Banco Charlotte , Bahia, Brazil, 16º 07’ S, 38º 29’ W, 35 m , collected by REVIZEE Score Central in 1996; UFBA 394 , Camamu, Bahia, Brazil, 13º 45’ S, 38º 45’ W, 47 m , collected by LAMEB in 2012; UFBA 404 , Litoral Norte, Bahia, Brazil, 12º 51’ S, 38º 11’ W, 33 m , collected by LAMEB in 2000; UFBA 637 , Caravelas , Bahia, Brazil, 16º 07’ S, 38º 29’ W , collected by REVIZEE Score Central in 1996; UFBA 672 , Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil, 12º 43’ S, 38º 02’ W, 26 m , collected by LAMEB in 1993; UFPE 887 , UFPE 890.2 , Bacia Potiguar , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, collected by Petrobras in 2000–2011, 04º 49’ 00’’ – 05º 10’ 00’’ S, 36º 10’ 00’’ – 36º 50’ 00’’ W, unknown depth; UFPE 2658 , UFPE 3136.2 , Canopus stn. 17, Ceará, Brazil, collected in 1965–1966, 01º 35’ 00’’ S, 38º 07’ 00’’ W, 51–54 m ; UFPE 2773.1 , Akaroa stn. 59, Alagoas, Brazil, collected in 1965, 09º 46’ 10’’ S, 35º 34’ 40’’ W, 31 m ; UFPE 3138.4 , Canopus stn. 90, Paraíba, Brazil, collected in 1965–1966, 06º 35’ 00’’ S, 34º 44’ 00’’ W, 54 m ; UFPE 3139.2 , Canopus stn. 111, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, collected in 1965–1966, 04º 37’ 00’’ S, 36º 44’ 00’’ W, 36 m ; UFPE 3144.3 , Akaroa stn. 57, Alagoas, Brazil, collected in 1965, 09º 46’ 10’’ S, 35º 24’ 40’’ W, 45 m.

Redescription. Colonies encrusting, unilaminar ( Fig. 4A ). Autozooids semierect and almost polygonal (0.698– 0.974– 1.097 mm long, n = 5, SD = 0.172; 0.455–0.535– 0.623 mm wide, n = 5, SD = 0.066) ( Fig. 4B ). Lepralioid frontal wall with nodular surface and small pseudopores ( Fig. 4B ). Internal frontal wall without ring scar ( Fig. 4D ). Spiramen large, placed at the suboral region of the peristome, occupying approximately half the width of the zooid (0.720– 0.110–0.145 mm long, n = 5, SD = 0.032; 0.274–0.296– 0.326 mm wide, n = 5, SD = 0.021); spiramen usually oval, slightly crescent or haltere-shaped, with thin edges projecting outward ( Fig. 4B ). Primary orifice with arched distal margin, a pair of triangular condyles, and concave proximal margin. Peristome tubular, slightly inclined towards the distal region, tapering towards the edge, and completely covering the primary orifice ( Fig. 4B ). Flattened secondary orifice with a trapezoidal proximal edge (0.157–0.186– 0.222 mm long, n = 5, SD = 0.024; 0.231–0.237– 0.249 mm wide, n = 5, SD = 0.007) ( Fig. 4B ). Paired adventitious avicularia, latero-oral, positioned at the end of the peristome; rostrum acute, complete crossbar, curving at the distal edge of the peristome (0.164– 0.194– 0.218 mm long, n = 5, SD = 0.020; 0.078–0.084– 0.090 mm wide, n = 5, SD = 0.004) ( Fig. 4B ). Ovicells not observed in the type material; additional material reveals hyperstomial ovicell, globular, acleithral, with the same morphology as the frontal wall ( Fig. 4C ).

Remarks. Although Gi. lyncoides was described based on specimens from Brazil, it was also reported from the Mauritius Islands in the Indian Ocean ( Kirkpatrick 1888). Considering the localities of these records in different oceans and some differences illustrated in these specimens (cf. Kirkpatrick 1888), the identity of the Indian specimens is unclear and needs further reexamination.

Distribution. In Brazil, Gigantopora lyncoides was previously recorded from Espírito Santo and Bahia ( Ridley 1881; Almeida et al. 2015) and is here recorded for the first time from Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte. This species is often found on hard substrates such as gravel, shells, and rhodoliths.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Gigantopora lyncoides Ridley, 1881. A, B. NHMUK 1879.12.27.78, Holotype, Espírito Santo, Brazil. C. UFPE 3144.2, Alagoas, Brazil. D. UFPE 890.2, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.A. Overview of the colony. B. Zooids with haltere-shaped spiramen located at the base of the peristome and latero-oral adventitious avicularia. C. Detail of the ovicell. D. Inner surface of the frontal wall. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 200 µm; C = 250 µm; D = 150 µm.