Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. & Zucc. (1846: 214)

Becker, Karin, Grosse-Veldmann, Bernadette & Weigend, Maximilian, 2017, Weeding the nettles V: Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the eastern Asian species Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. & Zucc. (Urticaceae), Phytotaxa 323 (3), pp. 201-216 : 206

1. Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. & Zucc. (1846: 214)

Erect, perennial herb 0.25–1.50 m, from perennial root and with compact pleiokorm of perennating underground stems; stem with few to numerous stinging hairs with a pluricellular base, c. 1.0–4.0 mm long overall and setae 0.8–2.7 mm long, and simple trichomes ca. 0.1–0.2 mm long; leaf lamina 45–110 × 30–90 mm, widely ovate to narrowly ovate (basal leaves usually broader), leaf margins regularly or doubly dentate to lobulate with 9–20 large teeth on each side, 2–15 mm long, occasionally each large tooth with one small tooth, ca. 1 mm long, on each side, leaf base cordate, rounded or attenuate, leaf apex apiculate to aristate; leaf indumentum of stinging hairs with pluricellular base c. 1.0– 3.5 mm long overall, setae 0.8–2.8 mm, and with simple trichomes 0.1–0.3 mm long; leaf surface with punctiform to elliptical cystoliths; petioles 30–100 mm long; stipules free (4 per node) or 2 fused pairs of stipules per node, occasionally incised distally, 5–15 mm long, elongated; plant populations gynodioecious, if both genders on one plant, male flowers usually basal, female flowers apical, male inflorescences usually clearly longer than female inflorescences; male flowers with tepals 1.0–2.0 mm long, pubescent; female flowers with two smaller and two longer tepals, longer tepals ca. 0.2 mm long, pubescent; infructescence 15–80 mm; mature fruits with two smaller and two longer tepals, longer tepals ca. 1.0–2.0 mm long, achenes subcircular in outline, laterally compressed, ca. 1.0–2.0 × 1.0– 1.5 mm.