Paraphasma, REDTENBACHER, 1906

Chiquetto-Machado, Pedro I. & Cancello, Eliana M., 2021, Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 : -

PARAPHASMA REDTENBACHER, 1906

Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906: 114 , pl. IV, fig. 17 (♀) (type species: Paraphasma marginale Redtenbacher, 1906 by subsequent designation). – Handlirsch, 1930: 760, fig. 804 (♀). – Bradley & Galil, 1977: 203. – Vanschuytbroeck & Cools, 1981: 24. – Clark Sellick, 1997: 121, fig. 128 (egg). – Zompro, 2000: 95 (type species designation). – Bragg, 2001: 640. – Zompro, 2002: 6 (repetition of type species designation). – Zompro, 2004: 158, 317, fig. 92a,b (♂, ♀). – Otte & Brock, 2005: 251. – Conle et al., 2011: 32. – Jourdan et al., 2014: 493. – Conle et al., 2020: 126.

Oestrophora Redtenbacher, 1906: 124 , pl.V, fig.2 (♂) (type species: Oestrophora triangulifera Redtenbacher, 1906 by monotypy). – Bragg, 2001: 638. – Zompro, 2004: 102, fig. 53a,b (♂, ♀). – Otte & Brock, 2005: 231. syn. nov.

Mantis – Fabricius, 1775: 274 (in part). – Fabricius, 1787: 227 (in part). – Fabricius, 1793: 12 (in part).

Necroscia – Westwood, 1859: 128 (in part).

Olcyphides – Kirby, 1904a: 410 (in part). – Rehn, 1907: 165. – Otte & Brock, 2005: 231 (in part).

Phasma – Fabricius, 1798: 186 (in part). – Latreille, 1807: 87 (in part). – Serville, 1831: 57 (in part). – Gray, 1835: 22 (in part). – Burmeister, 1838: 583 (in part). – Serville, 1839: 266 (in part). – De Haan, 1842: 123 (in part). – Westwood, 1859: 117 (in part).

Prexaspes – Kirby, 1904a: 413 (in part). – Brock, 1998b: 34. – Otte & Brock, 2005: 282 (in part).

Stratocles – Redtenbacher, 1906: 102 (in part).

Paraphasma . Paraphasma sensu nov. ( Fig. 25: clade Q) is supported by three exclusive synapomorphies, all related to the phallic organ, and two homoplastic ones. The three exclusive synapomorphies are: dorsal sclerite of the phallic organ distinctly wider than long (character 55:2); presence of the ‘locking’ sclerite of the ventral lobe (68:1); base apodemes forming spatulate expansions (77:1). The other two synapomorphies, both convergently present in other nodes of the tree and secondarily lost within clade Q, are the tegmina with spiniform shoulder pad (16:1) and the male subgenital plate with acuminate posterior margin (42:2).