Zaria Gray, 1847

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2019, Turritellidae (Gastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations about turritellid genera, Zootaxa 4681 (1), pp. 1-136 : 81

Zaria Gray, 1847

Type species: Turritella duplicata Linnaeus, 1758 , type by original designation ( Gray 1847: 155). Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Remarks. Zaria comprises medium sized to large, robust shells, characterized by a marked angulation, two very prominent B and C spiral cords (which may fade out on last teleoconch whorls) and a deeply incised suture. The or- der of appearance of primaries on neanic whorls in Zaria duplicata is C-B-A ( Marwick 1957). In addition, Marwick (1957) considered a slightly effuse aperture, a weakly twisted inner lip and a prosocyrt basal sinus as typical for Zaria ( Figs 6 E–F). This basal sinus morphology led Marwick (1957) to place Zaria in the Pareorinae . Recent molecular investigations on Turritellidae , however, revealed Zaria as sister taxon of Turritella (Anderson et al. 2018; Brendan M. Anderson, pers. comm., January 16 th 2019), which explains the similarities with Turritella discussed by Marwick (1957). The genus appeared during the early Miocene in the northern Indian Ocean and in Indonesia, represented by Zaria angulata ( Sowerby, 1840) and Z. javana ( Martin, 1883) and became widespread in the Indonesian region during the late Miocene and Pliocene; e.g. Z. djardjariensis ( Martin, 1905) and Z. martini ( Cossmann, 1912) (Shuto 1974; Leloux & Wesselingh 2009; Harzhauser et al. 2009). Today it is an exclusively Indo-West Pacific (IWP) taxon, represented by few species; e.g. Z. duplicata and Z. attenuata ( Reeve, 1849) . Represented solely by Zaria aquitanica , it appeared also in the northeastern Atlantic and the Proto-Mediterranean Sea during the early Miocene (e.g. Glibert 1962). There, it persisted into the Langhian and migrated into the southern basins of the Central Paratethys during the Miocene Climatic Optimum.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Growth line traces of Turritellidae species based on own data; bold: type species of genera; black: Paratethyan species; asterisk: non-Paratethyan species (unknown basal sinuses are left blank).