MYRMICINAE

Collingwood, C. A., 1979, The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark., Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8, pp. 1-174 : 36-40

SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE LEPELETIER

This is a large subfamily incorporating about 200 genera with a great diversity of form. All have two segmented pedicels and stings. Pupae are not enclosed in cocoons.

Keys to genera of Myrmicinae

Workers

1 Propodeum without spines or teeth, with smoothly rounded postero- dorsal border............................................................................................. 2

Propodeum bispinose or toothed ................................................................ 3

2(1) Antennae with 10 segments terminating in two-segmented club (Fig. 85) Diplorhoptrum Mayr (p. 64) Antennae with 12 segments terminating in three-segmented club (Fig. 81) Monomorium Mayr (p. 62)

3 (1) Mandibles sickle-shaped, narrowing to pointed apex without teeth (Fig. 108) Strongylognathus Mayr (p. 80) Mandibles subtriangular with broad masticatory border............................... 4

4 (3) Postpetiole attached to dorsum of first gastral segment (Figs. 88,89) Crematogaster Lund (p. 66) Postpetiole attached to anterior face of gaster.............................................. 5

5 (4) Postpetiole with ventral lobe drawn out into an angular process or spine ....... 6

Postpetiole without distinct ventral projection............................................. 7

6 (5) Mandibles exceptionally broad but without teeth; head massive, quadrangular, finely striate (Figs. 104, 105).................................. Harpagoxenus Forel (p. 78)

Mandibles normal with 5 distinct teeth; head not much wider than pronotum; whole body smooth and shining (Figs. 102,103)..... Formicoxenus Mayr (p. 77)

7 (5) Antennae 11 segmented (Fig. 92)................ Leptothorax Mayr (in part) (p. 68)

Antennae 12 segmented............................................................................. 8

8(7) Head underneath with two strong longitudinal carinae; anterior margin of clypeus bidentate (Fig. 90)........................................ Myrmecina Curtis (p. 67)

Head without ventral carinae; clypeus with anterior margin entire................ 9

9(8) Posterolateral borders of clypeus raised into a ridge in front of antenna insertions; sting with a triangular lamelliform appendage apicodorsa pronotum with angled anterolateral corners in European species (Figs. 110,111)...................................................... Tetramorium Mayr (p. 82)

Clypeal border not raised; sting without a lamelliform appendage; pronotum with rounded anterolateral corners in North European species................... 10

10(9) Median portion of clypeus longitudinally bicarinate, prolonged posteriorly between narrowly set frontal carinae; petiole with long anterior peduncle (Fig. 72) ............................................................ Stenamma Westwood (p. 60)

Median portion of clypeus broad not bicarinate; petiole with short stout peduncle................................................................................................. 11

II (10) All tibia with pectinate spurs; last three antennal segments distinctly shorter than rest of funiculus............................................... Myrmica Latreille (p. 40)

Mid and hind tibial spurs absent or simple; last three antennal segments about as long as rest of funiculus........................................................................ 12

12 (11) Dimorphic species with broad-headed, large workers having mandibles with two teeth apically, separated from the basal tooth by a long diastema; minor workers have oval heads with multidentate mandibles (Figs. 76-79)

Pheidole Westwood (p. 61)

Monomorphic with all workers of even size; mandibles with five teeth in decreasing size from base to apex (Fig. 92) ............... Leptothorax Mayr (p. 68)

Queens

1 Postpetiole attached to dorsum of first gaster segment

Crematogaster Lund (p. 66) Postpetiole attached to anterior face of first gaster segment.......................... 2

2(1) Gaster with a broad longitudinal channel; anterior margin of clypeus with a median notch (Fig. 107).......................................... Anergates Forel (p. 79)

Gaster without a longitudinal channel; anterior margin of clypeus entire....... 3

3 (2) Petiole quadrangular, biturberculate above; ventral surface of head with paired longitudinal carinae ....................................... Myrmecina Curtis (p. 67)

Petiole nodal with distinct anterior peduncle. Ventral surface of head without paired longitudinal carinae......................................................................... 4

4 (3) Propodeum smoothly rounded in side view ................................................. 5

Propodeum distinctly angulate in side view or with more or less prominent spines or teeth ........................................................................................... 6

5 (4) Antennae with 10 segments, terminating in abrupt 2 segmented club (Fig. 84) Diplorhoptrum Mayr (p. 64) Antennae with 12 segments, terminating in 3 segmented club (Fig. 83) Monomorium Mayr (p. 62)

6 (4) Mandibles narrow falcate, curving inwards to sharp pointed apex Strongylognathus Mayr (p. 80) Mandibles subtriangular with broad masticatory border............................... 7

7 (6) Antennae with 11 segments........................................................................ 8

Antennae with 12 segments...................................................................... 10

8 (7) Postpetiole with long or enlarged ventral tooth like process.......................... 9

Postpetiole with indistinct minute antero-ventral tooth (Fig. 94) Leptothorax Mayr (in part) (p. 68)

9 (8) Mandibles with distinct teeth; body shining without sculpture; subpostpetiolar process a long and acute spine.............................. Formicoxenus Mayr (p. 77)

Mandibles edentate; head sculptured; subpostpetiolar process as a blunt tooth................................................................... Harpagoxenus Forel (p. 78)

10 (7) Mandibles with a large apical and preapical tooth well separated from indistinct basal tooth; mesoscutum smooth and shining .. Pheidole Westwood (p. 61) Mandibles with masticatory margins dentate throughout; mesoscutum sculptured ....................................................................................................... 11

11 (10) Posterolateral portion of clypeus raised into a ridge in front of the antennal insertions. Sting with lamelliform appendage ........... Tetramorium Mayr (p. 82)

Clypeus not raised into a ridge posteriorly. Sting without lamelliform appendage....................................................................................................... 12

12(11) Tibial spurs of middle and hind legs distinctly pectinate Myrmica Latreille (p. 40)

Tibial spurs of middle and hind legs simple or absent.................................. 13

13 (12) Postpetiole with a massively developed ventral process (Fig. 69)

Sifolinia Emery (p. 58)

Postpetiole without ventral process or tooth .............................................. 14

14 (13) Petiole with a long anterior peduncle; median portion of clypeus narrow, distinctly bicarinate; body hairs long and acute .... Stenamma Westwood (p. 60) Petiole with a short thick peduncle; median portion of clypeus broad without distinct carinae; body hairs short and blunt.. Leptothorax Mayr (in part) (p. 68)

Males

1 Apterous, always without wings.................................................................. 2

Alate, wings always present........................................................................ 3

2 (1) Antennae with 10 or 11 segments; appearance pupoidal with dull sculptured integument; anterior margin of clypeus notched (Fig. 106) Anergates Forel (p. 79)

Antennae with 12 segments; appearance worker-like with shining unsculptured integument; anterior margin of clypeus without median notch Formicoxenus Mayr (p. 77)

3(1) Antennae with 10 segments, with elongate second funicular segment............ 4

Antennae with 12 or 13 segments................................................................ 5

4 (3) Mandibles edentate, curved, narrowing to pointed apex (Fig. 109) Strongylognathus Mayr (p. 80) Mandibles dentate; subtriangular ........................... Tetramorium Mayr (p. 82)

5 (3) Postpetiole attached to dorsum of First gaster segment Crematogaster Lund (p. 66

Postpetiole attached to anterior face of first gaster segment.......................... 6

6 (5) Antennae with 12 segments........................................................................ 7

Antennae with 13 segments...................................................................... 10

7 (6) Propodeum smoothly rounded; notauli absent (Fig. 87) Diplorhoptrum Mayr (p. 64) Propodeum biangulate or with distinct teeth or spines; notauli present.......... 8

8 (7) Mandibles with 5 distinct teeth; antennal scape longer than half funiculus Sifolinia Emery (p. 58)

Mandibles reduced, edentate; antennal scapes shorter than half funiculus..... 9

9 (8) Postpetiole with large ventral tooth-like process ..... Harpagoxenus Forel (p. 78)

Postpetiole with a-minute antero-ventral tooth (Fig. 95) Leptothorax Mayr (in part) (p. 68)

10(6) Mandibles extremely reduced, non-functional; petiole quadrangular without anterior peduncle; wings very dark (Fig. 91) .............. Myrmecina Curtis (p. 67)

Mandibles with 3 or more teeth; petiole nodal with distinct anterior peduncle; wings light..............................................................................................11

11 (10) First funicular segment short and bulbous; ocelli enlarged and protuberant (Fig. 80) ............................................................... Pheidole Westwood (p. 61)

First funicular segment elongate; not swollen; ocelli not markedly protuberant .......................................................................................................... 12

12(11) Notauli and parapsidal furrows absent...................... Monomorium Mayr (p. 62)

Distinct Y-shaped notauli present............................................................. 13

13(12) Mid and hind tibiae with distinct pectinate spurs (Fig. 3) Myrmica Latreille (p. 40)

Mid and hind tibial spurs simple or absent................................................. 14

14 (13) Anterior peduncle drawn out and elongate; propodeum bidentate (Fig. 75) Stenamma Westwood (p. 60) Anterior peduncle short and thick; propodeum simply angled or rounded (Fig. 101)................................................... Leptothorax Mayr (in part) (p. 68)