Inbio Nakahara & Espeland

Nakahara, Shinichi, Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie & Espeland, Marianne, 2015, Description of a new genus for Euptychia hilara (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Zootaxa 4012 (3), pp. 525-541 : 527-528

Inbio Nakahara & Espeland , gen. nov.

( Figs 2–5 )

Type species: Neonympha hilara C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867

Diagnosis. The new genus Inbio can be distinguished from Euptychia by the following characters: (1) elongate tegumen; (2) presence of lateral sclerotized plate in female genitalia; (3) unsclerotized lamella antevaginalis; (4) first and second segments of female foretarsus indistinct and nearly fused (although partial fusion of first and second foreleg tarsal segments is present in a single species of Euptychia , Euptychia fetna Butler, 1870 ) (this partially fused first and second segment is a possible autapomorphy for Inbio ); (5) presence of pair of tibial spurs at distal end of tibia of meso- and metathoracic leg; (6) relatively long abdomen; (7) reduced eighth tergite and sternite.

Inbio can be distinguished from Paramacera by the following traits: (1) absence of ventral hindwing ocellus in cell Cu2 (presence of ventral hindwing ocellus in cell Cu2 could be a possible synapomorphy for Paramacera ) (2) absence of androconial patch on dorsal forewing of male; (3) base of forewing cubital vein only slightly inflated, not prominently thickened as in Paramacera ; (4) first and second segments of female foretarsus indistinct and nearly fused; (5) origin of ductus bursae close to ostium bursae; (6) antennal club less prominent.

Inbio can be distinguished from Cyllopsis by the following traits: (1) absence of androconial patch on dorsal forewing of male; (2) presence of forewing recurrent vein; (3) base of forewing cubital vein only slightly inflated, not prominently thickened as in Cyllopsis ; (4) first and second segments of female foretarsus indistinct and nearly fused; (5) presence of well-developed ocelli in ventral hindwing cell M1 and Cu1 (absence of this character combined by the presence of well-developed ocelli in cell M2 and/or M3 could be a possible synapomorphy for Cyllopsis ).

Inbio can be distinguished from Atlanteuptychia by the following traits: (1) hairy eyes; (2) labial palpi with larger ratio of third-segment length to second-segment length; (3) base of forewing cubital vein only slightly inflated, not prominently thickened as in Atlanteuptychia ; (4) presence of forewing recurrent vein; (5) first and second segments of female foretarsus indistinct and nearly fused; (6) absence of androconial hairs on dorsal hindwing (presence of this character is considered as an autapomorphy for Atlanteuptychia ); (7) absence of distinct black scales on last two abdominal segments (presence of this character is considered as an autapomorphy for Atlanteuptychia ).

Etymology. The new generic name Inbio is coined in honor of Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad ( INBio ), in recognition of INBio’s 26 years of steadfast, innovative, and high-quality efforts and successes at the conservation of Costa Rica’s biodiversity through its inventory, taxonomy, biodevelopment, and useful understanding by everyone. This generic name, a long-established acronym, is treated as feminine in order to avoid future changes regarding the specific epithet according to Article 31.2 of the ICZN (1999).

9 8 Remainder of Euptychiina 100 Cyllopsis _pertepida _NW165_3 100 Cyllopsis _pertepida _AZ_1_6 9 7 100 Cyllopsis _gemma _DNA96_014 Cyllopsis _ rogersi _DNA97_014 9 1

100 Paramacera _xicaque _CP15_08 100 6 9 Paramacera _allyni _CP15_10 Euptychia _ hilara _LEP_14997 Atlanteuptychia _ ernestina _NW136_ 14 9 8 Euptychia _ mollis _YB_BCI21843 9 5 Euptychia _sp _DNA99_078 100 Euptychia _ sp _ westwoodi _11_SRNP_42276 100 100 Euptychia _ westwoodi _DNA96_005 Euptychia _n_sp_2_CP01_33 Euptychia _ enyo _CP06_73 Euptychia _ picea _DNA99_036 9 7 Euptychia _ sp_06_SRNP_103311 Euptychia _sp_7_CP02_58 100 9 0

Euptychia _sp_5_CP01_53 Euptychia _n_sp Euptychia _ boulleti _pm17_01 Euptychia _sp_6_CP04_ 55 7 4 Satyrus _ ferula _ EW26_21 100 Karanasa _ bolorica _ NW166_10

9 7 Hipparchia _ statilinus _ EW25_24 Melanargia _ galathea _ EW24_17 100 Calisto _ bradleyi _ PM07_06 100 Calisto _ lyceius _ DR075 Calisto _ nubila _ CP19_ 10 8 1

9 4 Pedaliodes _ phrasiclea _ CP03_35

Corades _ enyo _ CP04_06

9 7 Manerebia _ cyclopina _ CP03_63 Lymanopoda _ rana _ CP03_33 Erebia _ palarica _EW9_4

Hyponephele _ sp _ shirazica _CP10_13

5 0

Maniola _ jurtina _ 4_5

Ypthima _ baldus _NW98_5 Eretris _sp_8_CP_2009_CP08_04 Callerebia _ polyphemus _ CP16_ 19 7 1 Oressinoma _ typhla _CP07_71 Coenonympha _ glycerion _ EW5_18

9 6

8 0

Geitoneura _ acantha _ NW124_22

Platypthima _ ornata _NW161_4 100 Mycalesis _ sp _ terminus _EW18_8

Bicyclus _ anynana _10_5

Pararge _ aegeria _EW1_1

9 1 Melanitis _ leda _NW66_6

Dira _ clytus _CP15_04

Haetera _ piera _CP01_84

Morpho _ aega _NW100_3 Faunis _ menado _NW118_19

Charaxes _ castor _NW78_3

0. 0 9

Figures

FIGURE 2. Inbio hilara: a adult male (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right); b adult female (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right); c head in lateral view; d tibial spur on metathoracic leg; e male abdomen in lateral view (FLMNH- MGCL Voucher No. 191028, 191040). Scale bar indicating 1 cm for a and b, 1 mm for c – e.

FIGURE 3. Genitalia of I. hilara: a male genitalia in lateral view; b male genitalia in dorsal view; c aedeagus in dorsal view; d female genitalia in ventral view; e female genitalia in dorsal view (FLMNH – MGCL Voucher No. 191037, 191044). Scale bar indicating 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Drawings of external morphology of I. hilara: a male wing venation; b male foreleg (tarsus, tibia, and femur); c female foretarsus; d male labial palpi (third and second segments); e female labial palpi. Scale bar indicating 1 cm for a, 1 mm for b – e.

FIGURE 5. Immature stages of I. hilara: a third instar larva in anterior view; b third instar larva in lateral view; c third instar larva in dorsal view; d fourth instar larva in anterior view; e fourth instar larva in lateral view; f fourth instar larva in dorsal view; g final instar larva in anterior view; h final instar larva in front view; i final instar larva in dorsal view. Third instar larva 18 mm; fourth instar larva 23 mm; final instar larva 27 mm (11 – SRNP – 33491, 11 – SRNP – 33546, 12 – SRNP – 70336). (Photo credit: parataxonomists working at Estacion Pitilla and Estacion Quica, ACG)