Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries, 2008

Penz, Carla M., 2008, Phylogenetic Revision of Eryphanis Boisduval, with a Description of a New Species from Ecuador (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), Insecta Mundi 2008 (35), pp. 1-25 : 15-16

Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries , new species

( Fig. 1H , 2H , 4H , 5H , 6H )

Type locality. Ecuador, Napo Province, Cosanga.

Diagnosis. Males and females reddish-brown with conspicuous FW orange submarginal line. Distinguished from E. zolzivora and E. opimus by the postmedial branch of the FW orange submarginal line that does not extend to the costal wing margin, and the longer HW projection at Cu1. Ventral HW white postmedial transverse band branched into crossvein m1-m2, and brown lines in discal cell absent or vestigial. Male valva with a weak subterminal swelling more distal than in E. zolzivora .

Description. Body dark brown dorsally, lighter brown ventrally. Antennae brown with narrow clubs. Eyes reddish brown. Palps light brown with a dark brown lateral stripe. Legs dark brown.

Male wings. FW length 55-65 mm (n=4). Dorsal FW and HW with opaque dark brown to reddishbrown background and a very faint pinkish iridescent sheen from submedial to postmedial areas of the wings, barely visible on the HW. Dorsal FW with a well defined, thick orange submarginal line interrupted by small gaps at the wing veins below M3, and forming a V-shaped mark with the arms directed distally in cell M3. Submarginal branch of FW submarginal line starts in cell M2. Postmedial branch of submarginal line starts in cell M1. Dorsal FW and HW with well-developed orange marginal outline. HW projection at Cu1 present, extending beyond anal area. Ventral FW and HW brown to dark caramel color. Ventral FW and HW with well-developed white postmedial band that branches into crossvein m1-m2 of the HW. Ventral HW brown wavy lines across discal cell faint or absent. Ventral HW eyespot in cell Sc+Rs outlined by a nearly complete pale halo. Ventral HW eyespot in cell M3 present, large, fused to that in cell Cu1, nearly reaching crossvein m3-cu1. Ventral HW eyespot in cell Cu1 large, yet smaller than zolzivora and opimus , barely expanding into cell Cu2.

Male genitalia. Uncus humped, valva with mild subterminal swelling, phallus prong displaced anteriorly from the distal opening.

Female wings. FW length 64 mm (n=2). Dorsal FW and HW with dark brown background that is not as dense as in the male, producing a semi-transparent effect. Both wings with pinkish iridescent sheen in the medial area, faint overall yet stronger in the HW. Dorsal FW with a well defined, thick orange submarginal line paler than in males, barely interrupted at the wing veins below M3, and forming a V-shaped mark with the arms directed distally in cell M3. HW projection at Cu1 less distinct, and dorsal HW marginal outline paler than in males. Remaining characters similar to males.

Female genitalia. Sterigma shaped as a curved plate with an indentation and a small ridge at midline. Sterigma projections with two points; anterior point short, posterior long and narrow. Corpus bursa oval with paired signa.

Etymology. This species is named for the contemporary naturalist Harold Francis Greeney III in recognition of his many contributions to our understanding of the natural history of the Ecuadorian invertebrate and vertebrate fauna.

Holotype. Male, three labels, separated by //, repository and other information in parentheses when applicable: Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, 5km W of Cosanga, May 2007 // reared on Chusquea scandens, H. F. Greeney // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries HOLOTYPE // (The Natural History Museum, London, UK; habitus in Fig. 1H ). Paratypes. Five males and four females. Male, two labels: ECUADOR: Napo Prov., Yanayacu Biological Station, S00 o 35.9’ W77 o 53. 4, 2163 m, Reared 3001000, 2006 [handwritten on back of label] H. Greeney // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries

PARATYPE // (Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Ecuador). Male, two labels: Ecuador, Provincia Napo, YYBS, 2000 m, 5-Feb-[20]02, H. Greeney, TW 1618 // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (American Museum of Natural History, USA). Male, two labels: Ecuador, Provincia Napo, 12-Apr-[20]00, H. Greeney, TW 2164 // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (DeVries Collection, USA). Male, four labels: Rio Blanco, near Baños, Ecuador, 1,650 m, Abril 17/[19]56 // J. R. Neidhoeffer Collection, MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM // 07-33 dissected by C.M.Penz // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (genitalia in Fig. 4H and 5H ). Male, four labels: Balzapampa, Ecuador, 000 // 571 // 07-96 dissected by C.M. Penz // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (Florida Museum of Natural History, USA). Female, three labels: Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, 5km W of Cosanga, May 2007 // reared on Chusquea scandens, H. F. Greeney // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (The Natural History Museum, London, UK). Female, three labels: ECUADOR: Napo Prov., Yanayacu Biological Station, S00 o 35.9’ W77 o 53. 4, 2163 m, REARED 1218, 2005 Jan [handwritten on back of label] H. Greeney // 07-127 dissected by C. M. Penz // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE / (Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Ecuador; genitalia in Fig. 6H ). Female, two labels: ECUADOR: Napo, Biol. Yanayacu, 2000m, Reared: # 201, Dyer/Greeney, Sept 2001 // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (American Museum of Natural History, USA; habitus in Fig. 2H ). Female, two labels: Ecuador, Provincia Napo, San Isidro, 2000 m, 21-Dec- [19]99, H. Greeney, TW 1952 // Eryphanis greeneyi Penz and DeVries PARATYPE // (DeVries Collection, USA).

Distribution. Ecuador, and perhaps northern Peru (see comments on E. zolzivora in Frühstorfer 1912), at an elevation ranging between 1,650 and 2,163 m (Appendix 1). Carlos Peña provided me with photographs of two males from Peru: a specimen from Amazonas department (Valle de Huamanpata, Lejia, 2,150 m) closely matches the description of E. greeneyi , but a specimen from Cuzco department (Llactahuaman, Quebrada Bagre, 1,700 m) does not match the phenotypes of either E. greeneyi or E. zolzivora . Therefore, it would be of interest to examine a series of specimens from Peru.

Remarks. Frühstorfer’s (1912) account of E. zolzivora included the nominate subspecies plus E. zolzivora opimus , and he noted that Otto Staudinger recognized some differences between these and ‘an allied race from Ecuador and Peru’. The description above provides characters that validate Staudinger’s centuryold suggestion that the Ecuadorian taxon is distinct from its Bolivian and Colombian relatives. This species has been reared in Ecuador by H.F. Greeney on Chusquea scandens Kunth. (Poaceae) , and a forthcoming larval description is in preparation.

Figures

Figure 1. Eryphanis adult males, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, [Mexico], Catemaco. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, HOLOTYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali.

Figure 2. Eryphanis adult females, dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right. Scale bar next to A = 1cm. A) E. automedon, Paraguay, Pedro Juan Caballero. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Cartago, Tapanti. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, Oaxaca, Tuxtepec.F) E. gerhardi,Brazil, Rondonia, Jaru.G) E.zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi,Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, PARATYPE.

Figure 4. Eryphanis male genitalia in lateral view, with separate drawings of the phallus. Scale bar next to A = 1mm. Note that the phallus was not removed from the genitalic capsule, and the drawing angles are thus not homogeneous across species. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, San Luis Potosi. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia, Cochabamba. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, near Baños, PARATYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali.

Figure 5. Eryphanis male genitalia in ventral view, with separate drawings of the juxta and dorsal view of tegumen+uncus. Scale bar next to A = 1mm. A) E. automedon, Colombia, Cali. B) E. lycomedon, Colombia, Cali. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio San Lorenzo. E) E. aesacus, Mexico, San Luis Potosi. F) E. gerhardi, Bolivia, Cochabamba. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, near Baños, PARATYPE. I) E. opimus, Colombia, Cali.

Figure 6. Eryphanis female sterigma and corpus bursa. Ribs of the intersegmental sac were omitted. Scale bars next to F = 1mm, note that sterigma and corpus bursa are in different magnifications. A) E. automedon, Peru, Puerto Maldonado. B) E. lycomedon, Costa Rica, Puntarenas. C) E. reevesii, Brazil, São Paulo, Pinhal. D) E. bubocula, Costa Rica, Cartago, Tapanti. E) E. aesacus,Mexico. F) E. gerhardi, Brazil, Rondonia, Jaru. G) E. zolzivora, Bolivia, Cochabamba. H) E. greeneyi, Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, PARATYPE.