Triepeolus, Robertson, 1901

Onuferko, Thomas M., Rightmyer, Molly G., Melo, Gabriel A. R. & Roig-Alsina, Arturo, 2024, A revision of the South American species of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus Robertson, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 931, pp. 1-50 : 45-46

Key to both sexes of the species of Triepeolus in South America

1. T1 without apical transverse band (only basal band or pair of anterolateral patches of pale tomentum present, which may on each side (or each) have short, medially directed posterolateral extension) ( Figs 2B , 10B , 11B ); if T1 extensively covered in pale tomentum, then tomentum on apical impressed area not forming distinct transverse band ( Fig. 3B ) .......................................................................... 2

– T1 with both basal and apical transverse bands ( Figs 3A , 5B , 6B , 7B , 8 , 12B , 14B , 16B ) .............. 4

2. T1 with pair of anterolateral patches of yellow tomentum, each mesally convex, such that discal patch in dorsal view forming trapezoid or triangle with concave anterolateral sides ( Fig. 10B ). Paramedian band attaining or nearly attaining anterior margin of mesoscutum ( Fig. 10B ). Axilla with tip broadly rounded ( Fig. 13A ). Pseudopygidial area of female circular, with apical margin broadly convex ( Fig. 10D )........................................................ T. flavipennis ( Friese, 1916) (in part)

– T1 with basal band (or pair of anterolateral patches) of yellow tomentum, on each side (or each) mesally concave, such that discal patch in dorsal view semicircular ( Figs 2B , 11B ). Paramedian band (if present) not attaining anterior margin of mesoscutum ( Fig. 2B ). Axilla with tip distinctly pointed ( Fig. 13B ). Pseudopygidial area of female triangular, with apical margin concave ( Figs 2D , 11D ) ................................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Mesoscutum with well-defined paramedian band of yellow tomentum ( Fig. 2B ) .............................. .................................................................................................... T. alvarengai Moure, 1955 (in part)

– Mesoscutum with large anteromedial ovate patch of yellow tomentum ( Fig. 3B ), which may be sparser medially such that patch suggestive of ill-defined paramedian band ( Fig. 11B ) .................... ........................................................................................................... T. nemoralis ( Holmberg, 1886)

4. T1 basal and apical transverse bands subparallel and joined on each side by distinct longitudinal band, such that discal patch in dorsal view transversely oblong ( Figs 12B , 16B ) ............................ 5

– T1 basal band arched and (except in T. rufotegularis ) continuous with (and indistinguishable from) lateral longitudinal band, such that discal patch in dorsal view reniform, semicircular, trapezoidal, or triangular ( Figs 3A , 5B , 6B , 7B , 8 , 14B ) ...................................................................................... 6

5. Pro- and mesotrochanters not tuberculate ( Fig. 15A ). Axilla and mesoscutellum reddish brown and sparsely punctate (most i ≥ 1d) ( Figs 12A–C , 13C ). Pseudopygidial area of female circular, with apical margin broadly convex ( Fig. 12D )......................................... T. osiriformis ( Schrottky, 1910)

– Pro- and mesotrochanters distinctly tuberculate ( Fig. 15B ). Axilla and mesoscutellum black and densely punctate (most i <1d) ( Figs 13D , 16A–C ). Pseudopygidial area of female triangular, with apical margin concave ( Fig. 16D )...... T. tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina sp. nov.

6. Dorsum of mesosoma (at least anterolaterally) with dense, long (≥ ½ MOD), erect/suberect, minutely branched setae ( Fig. 4A–B ) ............................................................................................................... 7

– Dorsum of mesosoma with only short (<½ MOD), appressed, branched setae ( Fig. 4C–D )........... 8

7. Mesopleuron with dense, long (≥ ½ MOD), erect/suberect, minutely branched setae only in upper half, with sparse, erect, simple setae among short (<¼ MOD), appressed, branched setae in ventrolateral half ( Fig. 4A ). T1–T4 transverse bands all widely interrupted medially in both sexes ( Fig. 5B )................................................................................................. T. atoconganus Moure, 1955

– Mesopleuron with dense, long (clearly>½ MOD), erect/suberect, minutely branched setae throughout ( Fig. 4B ). At least T3–T4 with apical transverse bands narrowed or narrowly interrupted medially ( Figs 7B , 8 ) ..................................................................................... T. cecilyae Packer, 2016

8. T2–T4 apical transverse bands complete ( Fig. 3A )........................................................................... 9

– T2–T4 apical transverse bands all interrupted medially ( Figs 6B , 14B )......................................... 10

9. T1 basal band mesally concave, such that discal patch in dorsal view semicircular ( Fig. 3A ). Paramedian band not attaining anterior margin of mesoscutum ( Fig. 3A ). Axilla with tip distinctly pointed ( Fig. 3A ). Pseudopygidial area of female triangular, with apical margin concave ( Fig. 2D ) ..................................................................................... T. alvarengai Moure, 1955 (in part)

– T1 basal band on each side mesally convex, such that discal patch in dorsal view forming trapezoid or triangle with concave anterolateral sides ( Fig. 10B ). Paramedian band attaining or nearly attaining anterior margin of mesoscutum ( Fig. 10B ). Axilla with tip broadly rounded ( Fig. 13A ). Pseudopygidial area of female circular, with apical margin broadly convex ( Fig. 10D ) .................... .................................................................................................. T. flavipennis ( Friese, 1916) (in part)

10. T2 apical transverse band with pair of lobe-like anterolateral extensions ( Fig. 6A–C ). Metasomal terga with bands of pale-yellow tomentum ( Fig. 6 ) [ Ecuador and Peru] ............................................ ................................................................................................................. T. buchwaldi ( Friese, 1908)

– T2 apical transverse band without lobe-like anterolateral extensions ( Fig. 14A–C ). Metasomal terga with bands of white to off-white tomentum ( Fig. 14 ) [Caribbean region] .......................................... ....................................................................................................... T. rufotegularis ( Ashmead, 1900)

Figures

Fig. 2. Triepeolus alvarengai Moure, 1955. A–B, D. Holotype, ♀ (DZUP). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (ZMB ed1bbe/M.G.R. Database No. 11694), habitus, lateral view (image is copyright of the Museum für Naturkunde and reproduced here with permission). D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 10. Triepeolus flavipennis (Friese, 1916). A. Female (CNC 753863), habitus, lateral view. B. Female (CNC 808414), habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (PCYU), habitus, lateral view. D. Female (CNC 808413) pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 11. Triepeolus nemoralis (Holmberg, 1886). A–B. Female (FAUBA 327). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (CNC 1801912), habitus, lateral view. D. Female (MACN) pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Triepeolus spp., habitus, dorsal view. A. T. alvarengai Moure, 1955 female specimen (MACN) in which T1 has both basal and apical transverse bands. B. T. nemoralis (Holmberg, 1886) male specimen (DZUP) in which much of T1 is covered in pale-yellow tomentum.

Fig. 5. Triepeolus atoconganus Moure, 1955. A, D. Female (UNMSM MHN 1350/M.G.R. Database No. 1333). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Female (NHMUK NHMUK013620580), habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (NHMUK NHMUK013620577), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 6. Triepeolus buchwaldi (Friese, 1908). A. Female (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 1328), habitus, lateral view. B, D. Female (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 3707). B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (INHS 387483), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 7. Triepeolus cecilyae Packer, 2016. A–B, D. Female (PCYU). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Holotype, ♂ (PCYU), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 8. Triepeolus cecilyae Packer, 2016, metasoma of male, dorsal view. A. Holotype (PCYU). B. Non-type specimen from southern Peru (ZMB).

Fig. 12. Triepeolus osiriformis (Schrottky, 1910). A, D. Female (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 3709). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Female (AMNHAMNH_IZC 00292362/M.G.R. Database No. 3121), habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 1329), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 14. Triepeolus rufotegularis (Ashmead, 1900). A–B, D. Female (USNM M.G.R. Database No. 1332). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Male (PCYU CCDB-34570 B08), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 16. Triepeolus tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina sp. nov. A–B, D. Holotype, ♀ (ICN HY-1056). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Allotype, ♂ (FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 3704), habitus, lateral view. D. Pseudopygidial area, dorsal view.

Fig. 13. Axillae and mesoscutellum of male, dorsal view. A. Triepeolus flavipennis (Friese, 1916) (PCYU). B. T. nemoralis (Holmberg, 1886) (CNC 1801912). C. T. osiriformis (Schrottky, 1910) (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 1329). D. T. tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina sp. nov., allotype (FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 3704).

Fig. 15. Left pro- and mesotrochanters of male, frontal view. A. Triepeolus osiriformis (Schrottky, 1910) (FSCA). B. T. tuberculifer Onuferko, Rightmyer & Roig-Alsina sp. nov., allotype (FSCA M.G.R. Database No. 3704), showing distinct protuberances (blue arrows).

Fig. 4. Head and mesosoma of female, oblique view. A. Triepeolus atoconganus Moure, 1955 (NHMUK NHMUK013620580). B. T. cecilyae Packer, 2016 (PCYU). C. T. buchwaldi (Friese, 1908) (AMNH M.G.R. Database No. 3707). D. T. rufotegularis (Ashmead, 1900) (USNM M.G.R. Database No. 1332). Blue arrows indicate dense, long (≥½ MOD), erect/suberect, minutely branched setae.