Perrinia konos (Barnard, 1964) Herbert, 2012

Herbert, D. G., 2012, A revision of the Chilodontidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea) of southern Africa and the south-western Indian Ocean, African Invertebrates 53 (2), pp. 381-381 : 470-474

Perrinia konos (Barnard, 1964) comb. n.

Figs 4N , 55–57

Turcica konos: Barnard 1964: 20 , fig. 2f; Kensley 1973: 44, fig. 111. Type loc.: off Umkomaas , KZN south coast, South Africa, 40 fath. [- 73 m].

Description:

Shell: Small, elevated-trochiform to turriculate (L/D=1.26–1.50); apical angle 55–60°; teleoconch of 6–7 whorls; whorls flat-sided and peripherally angled, peripheral angle marked by a strong keel, base flattened; sutures channelled and inserted below peripheral angulation, spire thus rendered pagodaform; insertion of suture level with subperipheral spiral cord. First teleoconch whorl more or less evenly rounded and sculptured only with strong, evenly spaced, axial pliculae (14–20); peripheral cord (angulation) begins to develop during second whorl, axial pliculae become nodular at angulation; whorls more flat-sided from third whorl onward and with 2 or 3 further spiral cords, one immediately below suture and 1 or 2 between this and peripheral keel; subsutural cord with adapically pointed triangular nodules which project into sutural channel; nodules with a thin lamellate ridge running into suture; middle spiral cord(s) thinner than the other two and at most obsoletely granular where crossed by axial sculpture; peripheral cord becomes keel-like with growth and is rendered stellate in apical view by radiating triangular nodules, 13–20 on body; axial sculpture of prosocline pliculae persists throughout, but pliculae more numerous than either the subsutural or peripheral nodules; whorl surface rendered somewhat cancellate/foveolate by interaction of spiral and axial sculpture. Base with 4 (rarely 5) evenly spaced spiral cords, outer one weakly undulant, others progressively smoother toward columella; interval between peripheral and subperipheral cords deeply concave and forms suture channel in spire whorls; innermost basal spiral very close to columella; umbilicus patent in juveniles, but closed by thickened columella in adults. Aperture subcircular, somewhat flattened in parietal and columellar regions; columella (at maturity) with a bulge-like swelling at its base, rarely forming a distinct tooth; interior of outer lip with up to 11 spiral lirae running into aperture (evident only in fully mature shells), one where basal portion of lip joins columella not enlarged; outer lip prosocline, not obviously thickened; interior nacreous.

Microsculpture ( Fig. 56B, C ): Initial whorls lacking vermiform spiral microsculpture; later whorls with distinct scratch-like microsculpture.

Protoconch ( Fig. 56A, C ): White to translucent white, strongly exsert; diameter 260– 280 µm; apical beak scarcely evident; surface evidently smooth; terminal lip roundly angled between mid-whorl and adapical suture.

Colour: Ground colour yellowish white to pale orange, commonly buff; frequently with spots and blotches of a deeper shade beneath suture and at periphery; basal cords often spotted with dark brown; occasional specimens almost entirely pink with deeper pink markings; intritacalx deposit generally cream-yellow, only visible in the freshest specimens; shell frequently encrusted with bryozoans, sponges, tubicolous worms and encrusting Foraminifera.

Dimensions:Attaining length 6.0 mm, diameter 4.2 mm in South Africa, but reaching length 6.2 mm, diameter 4.9 mm in northern Madagascar (MNHN).

Operculum ( Fig. 4N ): Initially tightly multispiral, but whorls broadening with growth and becoming more openly multispiral.

Radula: Formula ∞+3+1+3+∞, with ca 70 transverse rows of teeth; similar to that of P. angulifera in that the cusp of rachidian is strongly dentate, with a sharply pointed central denticle and several similar but smaller lateral denticles on each side; laterals with a sharply pointed central cusp; marginals very numerous and fine.

External anatomy: Little preserved material available, but evidently similar to that of P. angulifera .

Type material (four syntypes of Turcica konos Barnard, 1964 , in SAMC): SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: off Umkomaas , 40 fath. [- 73 m] (A9257, 2 adult, 1 immature and 1 broken) .

Material examined (all NMSA unless indicated otherwise): MADAGASCAR: West of Cap d’Ambre (12.133°S 48.933°E), - 238–249 m, Campagne Miriky, dredged, st’n DW3196, 28.vi.2009 ( MNHN) ; west of Nosy Be (13.417°S 47.950°E), - 71–158 m, Campagne Miriky, dredged, st’n DW3230, 3.vii.2009 ( MNHN) ; in front of Baie Narendry (14.483°S 47.450°E), living, - 48–139 m, Campagne Miriky, dredged, st’n DW3238, 6.vii.2009 ( MNHN) ; Secteur de Manantenina (24.38333°S 47.53333°E), - 154–168 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3522, 1.v.2010 ( MNHN) ; ditto (24.38333°S 47.51667°E), - 200–220 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3523, 1.v.2010 ( MNHN) ; north of Sainte Luce (24.59833°S 47.53500°E), - 80–86 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3530, 2.v.2010 ( MNHN) ; ditto (24.6567°S 47.5283°E), - 86–87 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3532, 2.v.2010 ( MNHN) ; between Lokaro & Ste Luce (24.8450°S 47.4783°E), - 99–101 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3518, 30.iv.2010 ( MNHN) ; ditto (24.865°S 47.467°E), - 80–83 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n DW3519, 30.iv.2010 ( MNHN) ; south east of Faux-Cap (25.78333°S 46.0333°E), - 133–178 m, Exped’n ATIMO VATAE, dredged Nosy Be 11, st’n CP3620, 15.v.2010 ( MNHN) . MOZAMBIQUE: NE of Maputo, - 65 m, dredged J. Rosado, (D. Slater coll’n); Maputo transect, Campagne MAINBAZA, RV Vizconde de Eza, dredged, st’n CP3130 (23.883°S 33.117°E), living, - 112–127 m, 9.iv.2009 ( MNHN) ; off Maputo, - 55–100 m, dredged J. Rosado, 2008 (D. Slater coll’n); off Inhaca Is (26.020°S 33.066°E) - 75–125 m, dredged J. Rosado, 2006 (D. Slater coll’n); off Ponta Techobanine (26.68132°S 32.95093°E), - 60–115 m, dredged J. Rosado (D. Slater coll’n). SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: off Kosi River Mouth (26.9100°S 32.9433°E), - 75 m, coral rubble, sandstone, marine growths, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZA13, 7.vi.1987 (D8999) ; off Black Rock (27.165°S 32.865°E), - 150 m, sand, dredged NMDP, RV Sardinops , st’n ZCC2, 7.vi.1990 (S5096) ; off Rocktail Bay (27.1850°S 32.8483°E), - 100 m, sand, dredged NMDP, RV Sardinops , st’n ZD4, 7.vi.1990 (S5172) ; off Rocktail Bay (27.19°S 32.85°E), - 100 m, sandstone rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZD1, 4.vi.1987 (E1419) ; off Lala Neck (27.2267°S 32.8217°E), - 75 m, coarse sand, sandstone, coral, dredged NMDP, RV Sardinops , st’n ZDD4, 8.vi.1990 (S3771) ; off Gobey’s Point (27.430°S 32.742°E), living, - 55–100 m, sand, shell rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZG2, 3.vi.1987 (E1440) ; Sodwana Bay (27.533°S 32.683°E), - 100 m, dredged (A5803); off Jesser Point (27.553°S 32.713°E), living, - 85 m, sponge, coral rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZH4, 3.vi.1987 (E2936) ; NE of Gipsy Hill (27.753°S 32.663°E), - 110 m, sponge, stones, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZK4, 8.vi.1988 (E7473) ; ditto (27.773°S 32.657°E), - 63– 70m, sand, sandstone, growths, dredged NMDP, RV Sardinops , st’n ZK25, 9.vi.1990 (S3476) ; ditto (27.777°S 32.653°E), - 74–87 m, sandstone rocks, slightly muddy sand, dredged NMDP, RV Sardinops , st’n ZK23, 9.vi.1990 (E7462, S6370) ; Leadsman Shoal (27.800°S; 32.616°E), living, - 100 m, dredged A.D. Connell, iv.1980 (B4059) ; off Gipsy Hill (27.8117°S 32.6570°E), - 100–125 m, broken shell, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZK9, 11.vi.1988 (E3245) ; ditto (27.828°S 32.637°E), - 47–50 m, fine sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZK1, 8.vi.1988 (S1136) ; NE of Leven Point (27.917°S 32.647°E), - 250 m, coarse sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZL5, 9.vi.1988 (S1141) ; SE of Cape Vidal (28.320°S 32.607°E), - 110 m, sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, ZM 5, 10.vi.1988 (E4907) ; off St Lucia Lighthouse (28.500°S 32.917°E), - 100 m, mud & pebbles, dredged (A5716); Port Durnford–Richard’s Bay (29.007°S 32.200°E), - 152 m, mud and stones, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZQ7, 13.vi.1988 (V3922) ; off Glenton Reef (29.245°S 32.037°E), - 200–210 m, sandy mud, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n ZRR9, 18.vi.1989 (S459) ; SE of Sheffield Beach (29.5050°S 31.7617°E), - 100–105 m, glutinous grey mud, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX139, 14.vi.1988 (E5033) ; off Umlaas Canal (30.018°S 31.053°E), - 150 m, coarse sand, numerous spatangoids, pebbles, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX70, 9.viii.1985 (E7598) ; SE of Green Point (30.250°S 30.905°E), living, - 100 m, fine sand & rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX92, 8.vii.1986 (D5989) ; off Umzinto (30.36°S 30.85°E), - 84m, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n X2, 15.vii.1982 (D5426) ; off Park Rynie (30.375°S 30.855°E), - 136 m, sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, 5.iii.1981 (B3889) ; ditto, living, - 110 m, sponge rubble, dredged R. Kilburn, 2.iii.1981 (W7457) ; ditto, 100 m, sand and sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, 4.iii.1981 (B3719) ; off Port Shepstone (30.775°S 30.538°E), - 70 m, eroded shell & rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, 4.iii.1981 (B3655) ; off Margate (30.91°S 30.47°E), - 100–110m, sponge, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n X6, 22, vii.1982 (B8786) ; off Trafalgar (31.020°S 30.382°E), - 120 m, sand, sponge, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n X4, 22.vii.1982 (B8866) ; off Mpahlana River (31.118°S 30.280°E), living, - 100 m, sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX3, 15.vi.1983 (C5248) ; between Mpahlana & Umyameni rivers (31.14°S 30.27°E), - 100 m, sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX8, 15.vi.1983 (C5378). Eastern Cape: off Mtamvuna River (31.1483°S; 30.2617°E), - 111 m, sponge, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n A14, 18.viii.1981 (E278, E870) ; ditto (31.15°S 30.27°E), - 137 m, rocks, sponge, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n A16, 18.viii.1981 (E6994) ; off Kwanyana River (31.183°S 30.223°E), - 100 m, sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n XX10, 15.vi.1983 (C5331,C5484) ; off Port Grosvenor (31.4083°S 29.9500°E), - 80 m, lithothamnion sheets, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n D20, 16.viii.1981 (E217, E6978) ; ditto (31.41°S 29.95°E), living, - 80 m, worn coral nodules, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n D17, 16.viii.1981 (E177, E346) ; ditto (31.4360°S 29.9516°E), - 100–115 m, sand, some mud, solitary coral, shells, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n D3, viii.1981 (C1333) ; off Mbotyi (31.550°S 29.863°E), - 200 m, sandstone slabs, coarse sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n F13, 4.vii.1986 (C9755) ; off N’tafufu River (31.578°S 29.662°E), - 50 m, mud, sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n H6, 14.viii.1981 (E241) ; off Mgazi River (31.738°S 29.537°E), - 250 m, muddy sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n J11, 4.vii.1985 (E7423) ; off Qora River (32.557°S 28.800°E), - 100 m, coarse sand, some sponge rubble, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n U6, 14.vi.1983 (C5189) ; off Kei River (32.822°S 28.520°E), - 138 m, coarse sand, dredged NMDP, RV Meiring Naude, st’n Z4, 13.vi.1983 (C5116).

Distribution and habitat ( Fig. 57 ): South-western Indian Ocean; from northern Madagascar to Mozambique, extending south to the Great Kei River, Eastern Cape, South Africa; - 47–250 m, living specimens - 55–110 m, on varied substrata, but usually associated with sponge and coral rubble.

Remarks: Distinctive amongst local species on account of its small size and turriculate profile. Specimens from Madagascar often rather broad and with a more coarsely stellate peripheral cord. Perrinia angulifera (A. Adams, 1853) has a similar elevated-trochiform spire, but is less pagodaform and much larger (length up to 16 mm). The most similar sympatric species is P. stellata (A. Adams, 1864) , but that also generally attains a larger size (length up to 9.6 mm in south-eastern Africa) and has a much more strongly stellate periphery and stronger basal cords.

Schepman (1908) described a number of new species of this genus (placed as a subgenus of Calliostoma ) from Indonesia, two of which, P. squamocarinata and P. nigromaculata , resemble the present taxon. P. squamocarinata (syntype examined, ZMAN 3.08.084, Fig. 71E, F ) (additional figures provided by Poppe et al. (2006) and Poppe & Tagaro (2008)) differs in having stronger granules on the spiral cords above the peripheral keel on the last adult whorl, and the base retains an umbilicus (albeit small) and has five granular spiral cords (usually only four in P. konos ) with strong axial pliculae in their intervals. P. nigromaculata (holotype examined, ZMAN 3.08.087, figured by Poppe et al. 2006) is less strongly keeled than P. konos and is larger (length ca 10 mm), has finer, more numerous spiral cords and a much more prominent tooth at the base of the columella (additional figures provided by Tsuchida & Ikebe (1990), Tsuchida & Kurozumi (1992), Poppe et al. (2006) and Poppe & Tagaro (2008)). Also from the Philippines, the recently described Perrinia cecileae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 has a similar elevated conical profile and is of a similar size, but it has more numerous spiral cords above the periphery, a weaker peripheral keel on the spire whorls, and much stronger columella teeth. Turcica (Perrinia) morrisoni Ladd, 1966 from the Miocene and Recent of the Marshall Islands is more depressed, has a more granular sculpture and fewer, stronger peripheral stellations.

Figures

Fig. 4. Operculum morphology in the Chilodontidae: (A) Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758), Cancale, Brittany,France,max.diameter 10.2mm (NMSA G778);(B) Euchelus asper (Gmelin,1791),Bombay, India,max.diameter 9.0 mm (NMSA J8066);(C) Granata sulcifera, Mtwalume,KZN, max.diameter 3.58 mm (NMSA V3927); (D) Clypeostoma salpinx, off Whale Rock, Eastern Cape, max. diameter 2.59 mm (NMSA C9502); (E) Danilia textilis, max. diameter 2.97 mm (holotype, NMSA E7756/ T2595); (F) Ascetostoma providentiae, off Boteler Point, KZN, max. diameter 2.52mm (NMSA S4904); (G) Herpetopoma (s.s.) instrictum, Low Isles, GreatBarrier Reef, Queensland,max.diameter 3.17 mm (AMS C.304699); (H) H. (s.s.) scabriusculum, Bradleys Head, Sydney Harbour,Australia, max. diameter 1.78 mm (AMS C.30695); (I) H. (s.l.) helix, off Umzinto, KZN, max. diameter 1.01 mm (NMSA D5427); (J) Vaceuchelus cretaceus, SE of Kosi Bay, KZN, max. diameter 2.52 mm (paratype, NMSA S4006/T2638); (K) V. natalensis, off Umzinto, KZN, max. diameter 0.99mm (NMSA D5428); (L) V.semilugubris, Réunion, max. diameter 1.28 mm (M.Jay coll’n MNHN); (M) Perrinia angulifera, off Boteler Point, KZN, max. diameter 4.44 mm (NMSA D9209); (N) P.konos, off Port Grosvenor, Eastern Cape, max. diameter 1.23 mm (NMSA E177); (O) P.stellata, Kosi Bay main coral reef, KZN, max. diameter 1.14 mm (NMSA S1985).

Fig. 55. Perrinia konos (Barnard, 1964): (A) typical specimen, off Gobey’s Point, KZN, length 5.3 mm (NMSA E1440); (B) specimen with three spiral cords above peripheral keel, off Port Grosvenor, Eastern Cape, length 6.0 mm (NMSA E346); (C) specimen with well developed intritacalx deposit, NE of Gipsy Hill, KZN, length 4.9 mm (NMSA E7462); (D) pink specimen, subadult, off N’tafufu River, Eastern Cape, length 4.9 mm (NMSA E241); (E) broad specimen, Baie Narendry, northern Madagascar, length 5.3 mm (MNHN); (F) boldly patterned specimen, between Lokaro and St Luce, southern Madagascar, length 5.6 mm (MNHN).

Fig. 56. Perrinia konos (Barnard, 1964): (A) apical whorls showing exsert protoconch, off Kwanyana River, Eastern Cape, bar = 0.5 mm (NMSA C5331); (B) adult microsculpture, off Kwanyana River, Eastern Cape, bar = 200 µm (NMSA C5331); (C) protoconch, off Umzinto, KZN, bar = 200 µm (NMSA D5426).

Fig. 57. Distribution of Perrinia konos. Each triangle represents one or more records.

Fig.71.Perrinia species examined for comparison:(A, B) Turcica chinensisSowerby, 1888,syntype,China, length 23.7 mm, diameter 20.1 mm (NHMUK 1889.2.1.5) [one of two original specimens, the other in NMW 1955.158.00996]; Thalotia maculata Brazier, 1877, syntype, Darnley Is., Torres Strait, length 12.4 mm, diameter 10.2 mm (AMS–Macleay coll’n) (Ponder & Stanbury 1972); Calliostoma (Perrinia) squamocarinatum Schepman, 1908, syntype, Indonesia, length 6.1 mm, diameter 4.6 mm (ZMAN 3.08.084).