Phalloceros anisophallos, Lucinda, 2008

Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco, 2008, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (2), pp. 113-158 : 147-148

Phalloceros anisophallos , new species

Figs. 44 , 45

Phalloceros sp. n. H Lucinda & Reis (2005).

Holotype. MCP 30403, rio São Roque nearby road BR 101, N of Parati, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 23 º 25’0"S 44 º 40’5"W, 10 Feb 1988, P.A. Buckup et al.

Paratypes. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. MCP 12603, 87/4*, collected with the holotype. MCP 31132, 18, Parati, rio Taquari at Taquari 2.2 km from road BR 101, 23 º 2’29"S 44 º 41’34"W, 18 Oct 2002, V.A. Bertaco et al. MCP 31134, 69, Parati, stream affluent to rio Taquari ca. 2.3 km from BR 101, near Tarituba, 23 º 2’29"S 44 º 41’38"W, 18 Oct 2002, V.A. Bertaco et al. MCP 31136, 53, Parati, rio São Roque on road BR 101 near Tarituba, 23 º 4’35"S 44 º 41’51"W, 19 Oct 2002, V.A. Bertaco et al. MNRJ 12502, 6, Parati, upper portion of rio Barra Grande, 11 May 1993, F.J. Lobon-Cervia. UMMZ 215277, 121, Parati, rio São Roque at bridge of BR-101, N of Parati, 23 o 2’30"S 44 o 40"W, 10 Feb 1988, P.A. Buckup et al. USNM 307821, 16, rio Itinguçu, border of Itaguaí and Mangaratiba, km 25, Rodovia Rio-Santos, 24 Apr 1989, R.S. Rosa &A.J. Sales. USNM 307827, 6, rio Barra Grande, 20 km N of Parati, km 168 Rodovia Rio-Santos, 24 Apr 1989, R.S. Rosa & A.J. Sales. UNT 6772, 6, Angra dos Reis, córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande, 23°5’23"S 44°6’34"W, 20Apr 2002, R. Mazzoni et al.

Diagnosis. Phalloceros anisophallos can be autapomorphically diagnosed by (1) hook on left half of gonopodial appendix near its tip, located approximately from distal quarter to the distal third of length of gonopodial appendix ( Fig. 45 ); and (2) spot on median region of flanks elongate, forming a vertical bar reaching dorsal and ventral profiles ( Fig. 44 ) [134-4*].

Moreover, P. anisophallos can be distinguished from its congeners but P. megapolos , P. spiloura , P. malabarbai , P. alessandrae , P. buckupi , P. uai , P. lucenorum , P. pellos , and P. reisi by (1) the female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally (vs. slightly left turned and with a lateral ramus or straight located along midventral line); and (2) border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it (vs. separated from first anal-fin ray by the female urogenital papilla).

Phalloceros anisophallos can be distinguished from its congeners but P. spiloura , P. uai , P. lucenorum , P. pellos , and P. reisi by (1) the absence of the right hook and presence of the left one (vs. absence or presence of left and right hooks), and (2) gonopodial appendix asymmetrical; its halves different from each other; right half wider than left one (vs. gonopodial appendix symmetrical; its halves similar to each other).

Phalloceros anisophallos can be distinguished from P. spiloura by the absence of a caudal peduncle spot (vs. presence of caudal peduncle spot); from P. uai by the presence of a wide and square-shaped lateral spot in large specimens (vs. absence of such spot); from P. lucenorum by rectangular tip of hook on left half of gonopodial appendix (vs. rounded tip); from P. lucenorum , P. pellos , and P. reisi by the lateral spot in adult females very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering up to the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction (vs. lateral spot in adult females absent, small, or elliptical to roundish, but never forming a vertical bar).

Description. Morphometric data in Tables 5 and 6 . Range of SL: 21.9 to 45.1 mm (females), 16.2 to 28.2 mm (males). Dorsal-fin rays: 7 [4], 8* [34]. Branched pectoral-fin rays: 5 [3], 6 [3], 7* [25]. Pelvic-fin rays: 5* [8] (males), 5 [28] (females). Anal-fin rays of females: 10 [26], 11 [1]. Anal-fin rays of males: 9* [11]. Branched caudal-fin rays: 10 [1], 11 [4], 12* [25], 13 [3], 14 [1]. Predorsal scales: 13 [4], 14* [33], 15 [1]. Longitudinal series of scales: 28 [7], 29* [32]. Series of scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [38]. Transverse series of scales: 6 [1], 7* [38]. Serrae on R4p: 9 [3], 10 [3], 11 [3], 12* [2]. Epipleural ribs: 11 [1], 12 [2], 13 [1]. Pleural ribs: 14 [3], 15 [1]. Vertebrae:.32 [4]. Female urogenital papilla right curved, located laterally. Border of anal aperture in contact with first anal-fin ray or very close to it. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix sickle like. Medial corner absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial paired appendix. Right hook absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix near its tip, located approximately from distal quarter to distal third of gonopodial appendix ( Fig. 45 ).

Color in alcohol. Eye silvery brown with greenish brown pupil. Ground color cream, darker in upper half. Upper region of flanks and head densely covered with brown chromatophores. Border of scales and subjacent skin replete with brown chromatophores, more concentrated at short distance from scale border, conferring reticulate pattern to body sides, mainly on upper half. Brown chromatophores scattered through whole body, more concentrated on dorsal portion, mainly on head, snout, opercle, and ventral surface of mandible. Lateral spot very narrow, forming vertically elongated bar covering up to two scales in horizontal direction and two to four scales in vertical direction. Lateral spot of larger females inconspicuous. Faint vertical bars along flanks sometimes present. Dorsal-fin membrane hyaline. Faint band of chromatophores on distal border of dorsal fin and another one near dorsal-fin base. Pectoral-, pelvic-, anal, and caudal-fin rays unpigmented. Dark brown line along R3.

Etymology. From the Greek, ανισος, −ον [= anisos, -on], adj. m. nom. sg., meaning unequal, uneven, plus Φαλλος [= phallós], n. m. nom. sg., meaning penis, phallus, alluding to the asymmetrical terminal appendix of gonopodium. A noun in apposition.

Distribution. Phalloceros anisophallos is known from the drainages of rio Parati, rio Barra Grande, rio São Roque, rio Taquari and rio Itinguçu (small coastal drainages of the State of Rio de Janeiro) ( Fig. 7 ).

Figures

Fig. 44. Phalloceros anisophallos. (A) Holotype, male, 28.2 mm SL, MCP 30403, rio São Roque nearby road BR 101 N of Parati, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 12603, 41.3 mm SL, collected with the holotype.

Fig. 45. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros anisophallos, MCP 12603.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Collection localities of Phalloceros leticiae (fivepointed star, 1), P. uai (eight-pointed star, 2), P. anisophallos (square, 3), P.reisi (triangle, 4),and P.spiloura (circle, 5). Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. Numbers represent type localities. The inset is the range of the genus.