Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii, Souma, 2022

Souma, Jun, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of the Lauraceae - feeding species of the genus Stephanitis (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2), pp. 219-281 : 219

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.89864
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BFE2BE47-59E9-450A-8070-79B702A38625
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62534AF0-5030-4CC3-BD68-D008D9D6C3AE
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:62534AF0-5030-4CC3-BD68-D008D9D6C3AE
treatment provided by	Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift by Pensoft (2022-12-16 14:29:41, last updated 2024-11-27 21:35:41)
scientific name	Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov.

[Japanese name: Tomokuni-gunbai] Figs 3F View Figure 3 , 5F View Figure 5 , 8F View Figure 8 , 10G View Figure 10 , 12F View Figure 12 , 14G View Figure 14 , 16F View Figure 16 , 18F View Figure 18 , 20D View Figure 20 , 22D View Figure 22 , 24D View Figure 24 , 26F View Figure 26 , 28F View Figure 28 , 30H View Figure 30 , 32H View Figure 32 , 39 View Figure 39 , 42K, L View Figure 42

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula Horváth, 1912: Takeya (1963: 42) (distribution: part); Tomokuni and Ishikawa (2002: 170) (distribution); Yamada and Tomokuni (2012: 208) (monograph: part); Yamada and Ishikawa (2016: 434) (checklist: Japan). Misidentifications.

Type series.

Holotype (♂, ELKU), "[JAPAN]: Izu Isls., Hachijo, Is., Mitsune" [=JAPAN: Izu Islands (southern part): Hachijo Island: Mitsune (approximate coordinates: 33°07'16.3"N, 139°48'21.6"E)], 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma. Paratypes (66 ♂♂ 134 ♀♀), JAPAN: Izu Islands: (southern part): Miyake Island: Ako, 15.v.1999, leg. T. Kishimoto (1 ♂ 1 ♀); Izu, 12.v.2018, leg. T. Ishikawa (8 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀, TUA); Tosa For. Rd., 12.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, TUA); as above but leg. T. Saeki (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA); Sannomiya For. Rd., 12.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (20 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, TUA); Nanto For. Rd., 13.v.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). Hachijo Island: “八丈” [= Hachijo Island], Arakawa, “20/V/909” [= 20.v.1909] (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELHU) (Fig. 39 View Figure 39 ); Minemura, 7.viii.1948, leg. Fujiyama (1 ♀, ELKU); Kaminato, 24.v.1949, leg. I. Fujiyama (1 ♀, NIAES); Mitsune Beach, 28.v.1949, leg. T. Aoki (1 ♀, NIAES); Noboryo Pass, 11.viii.1949, leg. I. Fujiyama (1 ♀, NIAES); as above but alt. 350 m, 5.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, NSMT); 19.vii.1957, leg S. Hisamatsu (1 ♀, NSMT); as holotype but 16.v.2021 (4 ♀♀, ELKU); Mt. Miharayama, alt. 200-560 m, 2.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, NSMT); Mt. Hachijo-fuji, alt. 250-530 m, 4.vii.2001, leg. M. Tomokuni (3 ♀♀, NSMT); as above but alt. 560-850 m, 3.vii.2001 (3 ♀♀, NSMT); as holotype (4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, ELKU); as holotype but 18.v.2021 (10 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀, ELKU); as holotype but 19.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, ELKU; 5 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, TUA); as holotype but 20.v.2021 (6 ♂♂ 14 ♂♂, TUA); Mistune, Mihara For. Rd., 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, ELKU); Sueyoshi, 17.v.2021, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU). Three paratypes collected in 1909 are deposited in Matsumura’s collection. A single paratype collected in 1948 and 12 paratypes collected in 3-5.vii.2001, were recorded as " Stephanitis tabidula " in previous studies ( Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012).

Diagnosis.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. is recognised amongst other species of Stephanitis by a combination of the following characters: head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown (Figs 8F View Figure 8 , 10G View Figure 10 , 12F View Figure 12 , 14G View Figure 14 , 16F View Figure 16 , 18F View Figure 18 , 20D View Figure 20 , 22D View Figure 22 , 24D View Figure 24 ); calli dark brown; body in male 2.3 times (in female 2.1 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Figs 3F View Figure 3 , 5F View Figure 5 ); rostrum not reaching metasternum; pronotum tricarinate (Fig. 26F View Figure 26 ); hood pale, shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc; median carina of pronotum with 1-2 rows of areolae at highest part; pronotal disc; paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye (Fig. 28F View Figure 28 ); apices of hemelytra close to each other in rest; costal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area in male with 2 rows (in female with 2-3 rows) of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; R+M (radiomedial) vein carinate; pygophore elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part (Fig. 30H View Figure 30 ); and paramere stout, weakly curved inward at apex, with outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part (Fig. 32H View Figure 32 ).

Description.

Male. Head, pronotal disc, marking on hemelytra and ventral surface in various shades of brown; calli dark brown; eye dark red; areolae of pronotum and hemelytron transparent; hood pale; pronotal disc opaque; pubescence on body yellowish (Figs 3F View Figure 3 , 8F View Figure 8 , 12F View Figure 12 , 16F View Figure 16 , 20D View Figure 20 , 22D View Figure 22 ).

Body 2.3 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ). Head (Figs 8F View Figure 8 , 12F View Figure 12 , 20D View Figure 20 , 26F View Figure 26 ) glabrous; pair of frontal spines close to each other at apices, not reaching apex of clypeus; median spine as long as frontal spines, reaching bases of frontal spines; pair of occipital spines longer than median spine, reaching middle part of eyes; antenniferous tubercles obtuse, slightly curved inwards; clypeus smooth. Compound eye round in dorsal view. Antenna densely covered with pubescence; segment I cylindrical; segment II cylindrical, shortest amongst antennal segments; segment III longest amongst antennal segments; segment IV cylindrical, longer than segment I. Bucculae closed to each other at anterior ends, with 2 rows of areolae throughout its length. Rostrum not reaching metasternum.

Pronotum (Figs 8F View Figure 8 , 12F View Figure 12 , 26F View Figure 26 , 28F View Figure 28 ) unicarinate, 1.3 times as long as maximum width across paranota, sparsely covered with pubescence. Pronotal disc coarsely punctate. Hood shorter than median carina of pronotum, as wide as vertex at widest part, not covering eye, as high as median carina of pronotum at highest part, posterior margin not extending to middle of pronotal disc, 4 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin slightly arched. Median carina straight, extending to apex of posterior process, 1-2 rows of areolae at highest part, dorsal margin arched. Calli smooth. Paranotum less erect, narrowed posteriorly, 3 rows of areolae at widest part, with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad, outer margin gently curved inwards at posterolateral angle, maximum height shorter than height of eye. Posterior process triangular, obtuse at apex.

Hemelytron (Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ) 2.5 times as long as its maximum width, extending beyond apex of abdomen, glabrous; maximum width across hemelytra 1.6 times as much as maximum width across paranota; apices close to each other in rest; costal area with 3 rows of areolae at widest part; subcostal area with 2 rows of areolae at widest part; discoidal area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; sutural area with 3-4 rows of areolae at widest part; hypocostal lamina with a single row of areolae throughout its length; C (costal), R+M (radiomedial) and Cu (cubital) veins carinate.

Thoracic pleura (Fig. 12F View Figure 12 ) smooth in anterior part, coarsely punctate in posterior part. Ostiolar peritreme oblong. Sternal laminae (Fig. 20D View Figure 20 ) lower than bucculae; pro- and mesosternal laminae open in both anterior and posterior ends; metasternal laminae as high as mesosternal laminae, open at anterior ends, fused each other at posterior ends. Legs (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ) smooth, densely covered with pubescence; femora thickest at middle.

Abdomen oblong in dorsal and ventral views. Pygophore (Figs 22D View Figure 22 , 30H View Figure 30 ) compressed dorsoventrally, semicircular in ventral view, elevated at centre of venter, posterior margin slightly emarginate in middle part, covered with pubescence. Paramere (Fig. 32H View Figure 32 ) stout, expanded in middle part, weakly curved inwards at apex, outer margin not sinuate in middle part, inner margin nearly straight in basal part, covered with pubescence in middle part of outer and inner margins.

Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.1-3.4 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.4-1.5 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.2-1.3 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.2-1.4 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.8-0.9 mm; hemelytral length 2.4-2.6 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.1 mm.

Female. General habitus very similar to that of male (Figs 5F View Figure 5 , 10G View Figure 10 , 14G View Figure 14 , 18F View Figure 18 , 24D View Figure 24 ) except for the following characters: body 2.1 times as long as maximum width across hemelytra; antennal segment III shorter than in male; pronotum 1.4 times as long as maximum width across paranota; hood wider than in male; maximum width across subcostal area wider than in male, with 2-3 rows of areolae at widest part; and apical part of abdomen pentagonal in ventral view.

Measurements (n = 20). Body length with hemelytra 3.3-3.6 mm; maximum width across hemelytra 1.5-1.7 mm; length of antennal segments I to IV 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, 1.0-1.1 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively; pronotal length 1.3-1.5 mm; pronotal width across paranota 0.9-1.0 mm; hemelytral length 2.5-2.7 mm; maximum width of hemelytron 1.0-1.2 mm.

Remarks.

The partial COI gene pairwise sequence distances between Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. and S. (S.) tabidula are only 0.002645-0.007978 (Suppl. material 3) and both species are very similar in general habitus. In fact, S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. was misidentified as S. (S.) tabidula in previous studies ( Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012). However, the former is easily distinguished from the latter by the following characters: body in male 2.3 times (in female 2.1 times) as long as maximum width across hemelytra (in male 2.1 times and in female 2.0 times in S. (S.) tabidula ) (Figs 3C, D, F View Figure 3 , 5C, D, F View Figure 5 ); paranotum less erect (more erect in S. (S.) tabidula ), narrowed posteriorly (slightly narrowed in S. (S.) tabidula ), with anterolateral angle slightly protruding anteriad (protruding in S. (S.) tabidula ), with maximum height shorter than height of eye (longer in S. (S.) tabidula ) (Figs 8C, D, F View Figure 8 , 10C-E, G View Figure 10 , 12C, D, F View Figure 12 , 14C-E, G View Figure 14 , 26C, D, F View Figure 26 , 28 View Figure 28 , D, F); and apex of paramere weakly curved inwards (strongly curved in S. (S.) tabidula ) (Fig. 32E, F, H View Figure 32 ).

Distribution.

Japan (Izu Islands (southern part): Miyake Island, Hachijo Island) (Fig. 48 View Figure 48 ) ( Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; Yamada and Tomokuni 2012; present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. inhabits the laurilignosa in a temperate climate of the southern part of the Izu Islands, which is in the Palaearctic Region.

Etymology.

The new species is named in honour of Masaaki Tomokuni, a Japanese heteropterist who collected some of the paratype specimens.

Host plants.

Machilus thunbergii , “Tabunoki” (Fig. 44F View Figure 44 ) (present study). Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. feeds only on this lauraceous tree and is monophagous.

Biology.

Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. feeds on the abaxial surface of leaves of Machilus thunbergii (present study). Adults were collected in May, July and August ( Takeya 1963; Tomokuni and Ishikawa 2002; present study); the nymph and overwintering stage are unknown.

References

Takeya, C, 1963. Taxonomic revision of the Tingidae of Japan, Korea, the Ryukyus and Formosa Part 2 (Hemiptera). Mushi 37 (4): 27 - 52

Tomokuni, M, Ishikawa, T, 2002. Hemiptera (Insecta) of Hachijo Island, the Izu Islands, Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum 38: 169 - 178

Yamada, K, Tomokuni, M, 2012. Family Tingidae Laporte, 1832. In: Ishikawa, T, Takai, M, Yasunaga, T, Eds., A ﬁeld guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan: 180 - 213

Yamada, K, Ishikawa, T, 2016. Family Tingidae. In: Hayashi, M, Tomokuni, M, Yoshizawa, K, Ishikawa, T, Eds., Catalogue of the insects of Japan Volume 4 Paraneoptera. Touka-shobo, Fukuoka, Japan: 429 - 435

Figures

Figure 3. Male habitus of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. from Yonaguni Island, southern part of Ryukyu Islands; B. S. (N.) mendica from Honshu; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai from Shikoku; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. from Miyake Island, southern part of Izu Islands. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Figure 5. Female habitus of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. from Miyako Island, southern part of Ryukyu Islands; B. S. (N.) mendica from Honshu; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai from Kyushu; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. from Miyake Island, southern part of Izu Islands. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Figure 8. Male pronota of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica lacking lateral carina; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov .. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 10. Female pronota of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica possessing lateral carina; C-E. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (E) possessing lateral carina and from Honshu (D) lacking lateral carina; F. S. (S.) takeyai; G. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 12. Male pronota of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsolateral view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica lacking lateral carina; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 14. Female pronota of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsolateral view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica possessing lateral carina; C-E. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (E) possessing lateral carina and from Honshu (D) lacking lateral carina; F. S. (S.) takeyai; G. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 16. Male hemelytra of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 18. Female hemelytra of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov.; B. S. (N.) mendica; C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 20. Rostra of four Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) mendica; B. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula; C. S. (S.) takeyai; D. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 22. Male terminalia of four Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) mendica; B. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula; C. S. (S.) takeyai; D. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 24. Female terminalia of four Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A. S. (Norba) mendica; B. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula; C. S. (S.) takeyai; D. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 26. Line drawings of the pronota of four Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A, B. S. (Norba) mendica lacking lateral carina (A) and possessing lateral carina (B); C, D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (C) and Kyushu (D); E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 28. Line drawings of the pronota of six Stephanitis species from Japan, lateral view: A. S. (Norba) hiurai; B. S. (N.) ishikawai sp. nov.; C. S. (N.) mendica lacking lateral carina; D. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula lacking lateral carina from Honshu; E. S. (S.) takeyai; F. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 30. Line drawings of the pygophore of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A-C. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. from Miyako (A) and Yonaguni (B) Islands, central part of Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan (C); D. S. (N.) mendica; E, F. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (E) and Tsushima Islands (F); G. S. (S.) takeyai; H. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 32. Line drawings of the paramere of five Stephanitis species from Japan, dorsal view: A-C. S. (Norba) ishikawai sp. nov. from Miyako (A) and Yonaguni (B) Islands, central part of Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan (C); D. S. (N.) mendica; E, F. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula from Honshu (E) and Tsushima Islands (F); G. S. (S.) takeyai; H. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Arrows indicate important morphological differences.

Figure 39. Paratypes of Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tomokunii sp. nov. deposited in Matsumura's collection of ELHU and their labels.

Figure 42. Living individuals of four species of Stephanitis from Japan: A, B. S. (Norba) mendica from Honshu, male (A) and female (B); C-G. S. (Stephanitis) tabidula, male (C) and female (D) from Honshu and male (E), female (F) and fifth instar nymph (G) from Kyushu; H-J. S. (S.) takeyai, male (H) and fifth instar nymph (J) from Shikoku and female from Honshu (I); K, L. S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. from Hachijo Island, southern part of Izu Islands, male (K) and female (L).

Figure 44. Lauraceous host plants of four species of Stephanitis from Japan: A. Cinnamomum yabunikkei from Kyushu, damaged by S. (Norba) mendica; Machilus thunbergii (B) from Honshu, Neolitsea sericea (C) from Sado Island and C. camphora (D) from Kyushu, all damaged by S. (Stephanitis) tabidula; E. Lindera umbellata from Sado Island, damaged by S. (S.) takeyai; F. M. thunbergii from Hachijo Island, damaged by S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov.

Figure 48. Collection sites of Stephanitis (Stephanitis) tabidula, S. (S.) takeyai and S. (S.) tomokunii sp. nov. used in the present study. Red-filled areas = localities; circles = small isolated islands.