Trigonosciadium viscidulum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient.

Eroğlu, Hüseyin, Behçet, Lütfi & Pinar, Süleyman Mesut, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the genus Trigonosciadium (Apiaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 313 (1), pp. 43-60 : 46-49

2. Trigonosciadium viscidulum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 1051 (1872) ( Figs 2 , 5–8 ).

Type:— IRAQ. N Iraq in calcareis montis Pir Omar Gudrun , in Assyria prope Suleimanieh, Haussknecht s/n. Lectotype (designated here): JE ([digital image!] barcode number: JE00003493 ). Isotypes: K ([digital image!] barcode number: K000685759 ) ; P ([digital image!] barcode number: P00476421 ) .

Synonyms: Pastinaca viscidula (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Koso-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29: 113 (1915); Heracleum viscidulum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) M. Hiroe, Umbelliferae World : 1749 (1979); Trigonosciadium undulatum Yıld. in Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 17(2): 16 (2010); T. tuberosum subsp. undulatum (Yıld.) Menemen , Türk. Bitkileri List: 82 (2012).

Biennial, herbaceous, 25–90 cm, sparsely or densely pubescent, with sheath remains at the bottom of the stem. Root swollen fusiform, (1–)2–3 paired. Stem clearly trigonal in the lower part, purple spotted, pilose and villose, nodes densely villose, slightly striate. Leaves 1-pinnate, in the lower part 7 (9), in the middle part 5, in the upper part 3, paired, ovate-oblong, leaf margin serrate to deeply serrate, terminal leaflet usually 3-lobed, rarely with the flat margin. Petiole sheath well developed, short, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate. Umbels 3–30. Rays 5–26, 1–14 cm, unequal, pilose. Raylets 12–25, 5–12 mm, pilose. Bracts present, 1–2(–7), 1–12 mm, linear, pilose and villose. Bracteoles 2–7, 1–6 mm, linear, pilose and villose, usually shorter than half of the pedicels. Sepals ca. 0.5 mm, triangular, inconspicuous. Petals 5, deeply emarginate, pubescent at bottom, the outer radiant, 4–6 mm. Styles ca. 3 mm, glabrous, slightly thickening at the bottom. Stylopodium cupular with undulate margin. Stigma capitate. Fruit 5–13 × 4–13 mm, orbicular-ovate, obcordate, mericarp margin usually undulate, dorsal surface of mericarp pilose to ± hirsute, hairs on the seed portion longer, commissural surface of mericarp glabrous; dorsal vittae 4, filiform, usually reaching 1/2–2/3 of mericarp; commissural vittae 2, reaching 2/3 of mericarp. Pollen grains in monads, tricolporate, perprolate ( P / E: 2.05); surface ornamentation rugulate.

Phenology:— Flowering occurs from May to June.

Distribution:— Turkey (Southeastern Anatolia), Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan), Iraq (North of Iraq).

Habitat:— This species occurs in steppes, dry or wet meadows, roadsides, under oak shrubs, and on slopes.

Threat category:— Trigonosciadium viscidulum was gathered from 9 localities in B9, C9, and C10 squares, and it was determined that number of mature individuals is plenty. Accordingly, T. viscidulum should be labelled as ‘Nearly Threatened’ [NT] in Turkey, because of partial distribution and being its distribution area less than 2000 km 2.

Examined specimens:— B9 Van: Çatak, across the Dalbastı Village , oakland slopes, 37°54ʹ29ʺN, 42°56ʹ28ʺE, 1470 m, 10 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1022 ( VANF!) ; Çatak, west of Dalbastı Village , oakland openings, 27 May 2002, B. Bani 1036 ( GAZI!) ; C9 Siirt: Siirt to Eruh, Akansu Village , next to cemetery, 37°49ʹ12ʺN, 41°54ʹ18ʺE, 512 m, 8 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1031 ( VANF!) ; Hakkari: Güzelköy, under the TOKİ Gupsi homes, steppe, 37°35ʹ04ʺN, 44°43ʹ19ʺE, 1838 m, 20 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1032 ( VANF!) ; Northwest of Hakkari, around of Otluca Village , slopes near steam, 2100 m, 20 July 1981, K. Alpınar 47 437 ( ISTE!) ; West of Kamışlı Village, steppe, metamorphic area, 1750 m, 05 June 1978, A. Güner 1772 ( HUB!). C10 Hakkari: Yüksekova , Yüksekova to Esendere 20. km, Dilezi Pass , banks of steam, 37°42ʹ20ʺN, 43°37ʹ22ʺE, 1925 m, 19 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1025a ( VANF!) ; Ceylanlı Village , oakland and stony areas, 37°24ʹ50ʺN, 43°37ʹ35ʺE, 1709 m, 19 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1025b ( VANF!) ; Yüksekova, Esendere way 25 km, roadside, steppe, 37°42ʹ29ʺN, 44°29ʹ56ʺE, 1871 m, 19 June 2012, H. Eroğlu 1027 ( VANF!) ; Depin, Depin service area, banks of Sümbül stream, garden edge, under oak wood, 37°34ʹ16ʺN, 43°46ʹ01ʺE, 1267 m, 20 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1033 ( VANF!) ; Yüksekova to Hakkari 20 km, near quarry, steppe, 37°38ʹ10ʺN, 44°09ʹ18ʺE, 1834 m, 20 May 2013, H. Eroğlu 1034 ( VANF!) ; Yüksekova to Şemdinli 8 km, steppe, 37°26ʹ27ʺN, 44°24ʹ31ʺE, 1861 m, 20 September 2013, H. Eroğlu 1062 ( VANF!) ; Northwest of Hakkari, around of Otluca Village , slopes near steam, 2100 m, 20 July 1981, K. Alpınar 47 437 ( ISTE!) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Trigonosciadium viscidulum: A) habit; B) fruiting inflorescence; C) dorsal surface of fruit; D) commissural surface of fruit; E) flower; F) cross section of fruit.

FIGURE 5. Trigonosciadium tuberosum: A) general habit in nature; B) white flowers; C) pink bottom flowers; D) fruit. T. viscidulum: E) general habit in nature; F) flowers; G) undulate margin fruit; H) flat margin fruit. T. intermedium: I) general habit in nature; J) flowers; K) sepals; L) fruit. T. lasiocarpum: M) general habit in nature; N) flowers; O) lanate hairs on stem; P) fruit.

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Trigonosciadium species in Turkey: (▲) T. tuberosum, (□) T. viscidulum, (●) T, intermedium, () T. lasiocarpum.

FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of pollen grains. Trigonosciadium tuberosum: A) polar view; B) ornamentation. T. viscidulum: C) polar view; D) ornamentation. T. intermedium: E) polar view; F) ornamentation. T. lasiocarpum: G) polar view; H) ornamentation.

FIGURE 8. Fruits of Trigonosciadium species. T. tuberosum: A) dorsal surface of fruit; B) commissural surface of fruit; C) SEM micrograph of fruit.T. viscidulum: D) dorsal surface of fruit; E) commissural surface of fruit; F) SEM micrograph of fruit. T. intermedium: G) dorsal surface of fruit; H) commissural surface of fruit; I) SEM micrograph of fruit. T. lasiocarpum: J) dorsal surface of fruit; K) commissural surface of fruit; L) SEM micrograph of fruit.