Chileria andina, Forero, 2009

Forero, Dimitri, 2009, Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini), American Museum Novitates 3642, pp. 1-50 : 15-20

Chileria andina , sp. nov.

Figures 1 , 4–5 , 9

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by total length (table 1); homogeneous greenish dorsal coloration (fig. 1); anteriorly directed ramus of vesica with medial portion longer than lateral portion, latter expanded preapically, both portions serrate (fig. 6); posteriorly directed rami of vesica subequal in length, apically serrate; apical ramus of vesica with dorsal portion short and serrate, ventral portion about three times as long as dorsal portion; genital capsule with two pairs of tergal processes on aperture margin; anterior process on right margin transversely elongate, serrate apically; posterior process on right margin projected medially, with small spines basally; anterior process on left margin simple, direct- ed dorsally; posterior process on left margin simple, directed laterally.

Chileria andina is easily distinguished from all the other known species of Chileria by the

TABLE 1 Measurements of Chileria and Orthotylus Cun 5Cuneus; Clyp5Clypeus; Pron5Pronotum; Scut5Scutellum; IntOcDi5 Interocular distance; Ant25 Antennal segment 2

structure of the male genitalia (fig. 6). The most similar species, Ch. colla , resembles Ch. andina in its general aspect, dorsal coloration, orange metasternum, and structure of the genital capsule with a pair of tergal processes on each margin of the aperture. Chileria andina can be distinguished from Ch. colla by the shape of the anterior process on the right margin of the aperture of the genital capsule, which is transverse and serrate (fig. 6). The shape of this anterior process is similar to that found in Ch. pamparum , but in Ch. andina the process is not as sclerotized and the denticles are not as produced as in Ch. pamparum (fig. 8).

DESCRIPTION: MALE: Elongate, large, total length 4.65–4.97. COLORATION: Overall coloration yellowish green with dark areas (fig. 1). Head: Clypeus yellow, sometimes green; frons and vertex with paired lateral, longitudinal, yellow areas, usually extending to base of eyes, area between longitudinal yellow stripes nearly white; mandibular plate green, apex faintly pale yellow; maxillary plate pale yellow on apical half; buccula nearly white; gena and gula green; eyes dark; labrum pale brown; labial segment I greenish, II–III pale brown, IV dark brown; antennae brown, segment I dark brown except dorsally, segment II dark brown, medially brown. Thorax: Calli on pronotum pale yellow; mesoscutum and scutellum greenish, sometimes mesoscutellum yellow laterally; proepisternum, proepimeron, mesepisternum, and mesepimeron greenish; metepisternum yellowish green; scent-gland efferent system greenish; mesosternum yellowish; metasternum pale orange. Hemelytron: Clavus green; corium greenish yellow, medially dark green; embolium anterior to cuneal fracture brownish; cuneus greenish; membrane translucent with black marking on anterior medial margin, a faded, dark, broad, longitudinal marking and invert- ed L-shaped dark marking on lateral margin behind cells, larger cell suffused with black, veins yellow. Legs: Coxae yellowish; trochanters and femora yellowish green; tibiae pale brown, apically dark; tarsi pale brown, last tarsal segment dark brown. Abdomen: Sternites mostly yellowish, with faded green areas. Genitalia: Genital capsule and proctiger yellowish; parameres yellowish, left paramere apically dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Surface dull, covered with microtrichia; vestiture on dorsum composed of two kinds of brown setae, simple decumbent setae (fig. 5D), and smaller, nearly flattened, decumbent setae with parallel margins (fig. 5D, inset); vertex, frons, and pronotum with sparse, whitish, sericeous setae. Specific structural setae are detailed below. STRUCTURE: Head: Transverse (fig. 1); clypeus broadly rounded, surface smooth (fig. 5A), barely visible from above (fig. 1); frons strongly convex; vertex flat, posterior margin not elevated; mandibular plate subquadrangular; maxillary plate slightly elongate; both plates apically rounded, surface smooth; buccula about half the length of labial segment I; gena covered with sparse simple setae; gula short (fig. 5A); eyes round- ed in dorsal view, oval in lateral view, adjacent to anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view about half the height of head, reaching dorsal margin of head; labrum small, narrow, triangular (fig. 5A); labium reaching posterior margin of mesosternum, but not extending to mesocoxae; labial segments I and II subequal in length, III and IV subequal in length and shorter than I; antennal segment I nearly as long as IV, the greatest in diameter, II about three times as long as I, diameter smaller than I, III about half as long as II, diameter slightly less than diameter of II, diameter of III and IV subequal. Thorax: Collar barely visible in dorsal view, mostly covered by anterior margin of pronotum (fig. 5A); pronotum nearly flat, trapezoidal, anterior margin gently emarginate, posterior angles broadly rounded, posterior margin straight; calli flat, barely differentiated from surrounding surface of pronotum; mesoscutum excavated medially; scutellum triangular, nearly equilateral, disc slightly convex; proepisternum narrow, not protruding laterally, glabrous; proepimeron slightly concave; mesepisternum, mesepimeron, and metepisternum covered with sparse, delicate, simple setae; mesothoracic spiracle drop-shaped, with a large area of mushroomlike cuticle dorsal to opening of spiracle on mesepimeron (fig. 5B); metathoracic scentgland efferent system with peritreme located medially on evaporative area, not protruded, surface with similar dense macrotrichia as remaining metepisternum; dorsal margin of evaporative area inclined, not reaching level of dorsal margin of adjacent metacoxa (fig. 5B); prosternum triangular, with carinate margins, beset with very small setae. Hemelytron: Margins subparallel, greatest width of hemelytra greater than width of pronotum at posterior margin; clavus elevated with respect to corium along claval suture; corium nearly flat; cuneus longer than wide. Legs: Coxae cylindrical; trochanters ovoid; pro- and mesofemora of subequal length, nearly cylindrical, gently tapering apically, slightly compressed laterally, covered with small, dark, bristlelike setae; metafemur longer than pro- and mesofemora, strongly compressed laterally, tapering basally and apically, dorsally covered with short dark setae; tibiae cylindrical, uniformly covered with short, dark, simple setae, and sparse medium-sized simple, dark setae; pro- and mesotibiae about 1.35 times longer than respective femora; metatibia 1.53 times longer than metafemur; first tarsal segment the shortest, second and third subequal in length; pretarsus as in fig. 5C. Abdomen: Short, surface of abdomen covered with long, sparse, medium-sized, simple setae. Genitalia: Genital capsule relatively large, about half as long as total length of abdomen (figs. 5E–F, 6), triangular, apically broadly truncate in dorsal view (fig. 6), prominent process on left dorsal surface anterior to dorsal margin of aperture (fig. 5E, arrow), not strongly produced dorsally, base wide (fig. 5E, inset; 6); aperture oval, reclined, dorsal anterior margin well defined; two tergal processes on lateral left margin of aperture, anterior one straight and directed upward, posterior one curved laterally (figs. 5E–F, 6); two tergal processes on right margin of aperture, anterior one short and transverse with margin serrate, posterior one directed medially and strongly curved at base (fig. 6); proctiger barely surpassing apex of genital capsule; cuplike sclerite U-shaped, not reaching apex of genital capsule (fig. 6); left paramere Y-shaped, dorsal prolongation curved and directed cephalad, apically acute (figs. 5E–F, 6), ventral prolongation curved and directed medially, bulbous at base, preapically emarginate, preapical process acute and directed posteriorly, apex rounded (fig. 6); right paramere hook-shaped in lateral view, small round protuberance anterior to dorsoventrally flattened apex, acute process on apex directed medially (fig. 6); phallotheca cylindrical, well sclerotized on all surfaces, curved dorsally in lateral view, opening dorsal and longitudinal, directed to the right apically (fig. 6); vesica with single spicule, left portion of vesica with two rami directed caudad, both flat and serrate apically, right portion with cephalad ramus apically bifurcate into two portions, one strongly flattened, the other elongate, both serrate apically; apical ramus of vesica with one portion directed dorsally and a longer portion directed ventrally, apically serrate; basal portion of spicule of vesica enclosing dorsally the sclerotized part of ductus seminis; dorsal basal right area of spicule slightly curved upward, as point of attachment to conjunctiva; sclerotized part of ductus seminis long (fig. 6).

FEMALE: Very similar to male in structure, vestiture, and coloration, but smaller; total length 4.39–4.65. STRUCTURE: Genitalia (fig. 6): Subgenital plate shorter than wide, apex broadly curved; base of ovipositor located anterior to longitudinal midpoint of abdomen; interramal sclerite of posterior wall not heavily sclerotized, poorly defined; dorsal lobe of interramal sclerite with lateral margin strongly curved subapically, apical half of lateral margin with numerous microtrichia, apex acutely rounded, medial margin serrate and with a subapical process; dorsal margin of medial sclerite of posterior wall, curved, simple, without microtrichia; medial sclerite with a medial process, laterally compressed, apically rounded, directed posteriorly; ventral area of medial sclerite with a pair of flat, rounded lobes directed medially; dorsal labiate plate with medial sclerotized area, longitudinally divided, and forming a pair of ventral folds; sclerotized rings elongate, rectangular, proximal margin with numerous microtrichia; anterior wall with medial margins of first gonapophyses asymmetrical.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from a single area to the east of Amaichá de Valle, Argentina (fig. 9).

HOSTS: Flourensia blakeana Dillon (Asteraceae) . Some of the specimens bear host labels of F. fiebrigii Blake , probably a misidentification. Flourensia fiebrigii occurs only in north- ernmost Argentina (Jujuy), as well as in some dry valleys in southern Bolivia ( Dillon, 1984), north of where Ch. andina was collected. Flourensia blakeana is present in the sandy dry areas near Amaichá del Valle ( Dillon, 1981) and in eastern Catamarca ( Dillon, 1984).

ETYMOLOGY: The name of the new species refers to the Andes mountain range in which Ch. andina is found.

DISCUSSION: The female of Ch. andina has a pair of ventral medial lobes on the medial sclerite, ventral to the dorsal lobes of the interramal sclerite (fig. 6). Smaller lobes are also present in Ch. colla (e.g., AMNH_PBI 00190959). Homologous structures in Ch. pamparum (e.g., AMNH_PBI 00195191) are not lobelike but nearly straight, although they do have an invagination with a flaplike appearance. Other Orthotylini have anterior projections between the second gonapophyses, ventral to the interramal sclerites (e.g., Hadronemella argentina Carvalho and Wallerstein, 1978 ; fig. 10, arrow; Lopidea staphyleae Knight, 1917 [ Davis, 1955: fig. 15]), but these projections are extensions of the sclerotized medial margins of the second gonapophyses, and are neither lobelike nor invaginated. Some undescribed Australian species of Orthotylus also have lobelike structures in the posterior wall, but those are apparently behind and close to the insertion of the dorsal lobe of the interramal lobe (C. Symonds, personal commun.), not located ventrally and medially as in Ch. andina . As far as I am aware, structures similar to the ventral medial lobes are not known or have not been documented for any other Orthotylinae (e.g., Slater, 1950; Davis, 1955).

The medial sclerite of the posterior wall has a blunt, laterally compressed process directed posteriorly, which lies above the bulbous base of the second gonapophyses. This medial process is present in all the species of Chileria (except Ch. araucana , for which females have not been examined). A similar structure is present in Lopidea robiniae Uhler, 1861 (personal obs.), in which it is considerably smaller and shaped as a small prominence, not as a laterally compressed tubercle, but noticeable nonetheless when examining the medial sclerite in dorsal view. I consider these structures as potentially homologous in Chileria and Lopidea . Lopidea robiniae also shares with species of Chileria the medial sclerotized folds on the ventral surface of the dorsal labiate plate. Similar medial sclerotized areas on the dorsal labiate plate, nonetheless, are present in other members of the Orthotylus group (e.g., O. marginalis Reuter ), although it is not clear whether they are homologous because of their structure. Because I have not examined females of Ch. araucana , it is not possible to say whether the medial ventral lobes and the medial posterior process are present. If the medial posterior process is present in Ch. araucana as a laterally compressed tubercle, this structure should be considered a synapomorphy for Chileria .

HOLOTYPE ( MALE): ARGENTINA: Tucuman: 25 km SE of Quilmes, 26.62126 ° S 65.84041 ° W, 2507 m, 01 Mar 2006, T. Henry and D. Forero, Flourensia blakeana Dillon (Asteraceae) , det. L. Iharlegui VOUCHER- LP, Holotype Chileria andina n. sp. Forero (red label), 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00195153) ( IFML).

PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Tucuman: 25 km SE of Quilmes, 26.62126 ° S 65.84041 ° W, 2507 m, 01 Mar 2006, T. Henry and D. Forero, Flourensia blakeana Dillon (Asteraceae) , det. L. Iharlegui VOUCHER-LP, 213 ( AMNH _ PBI 00195132– AMNH _PBI 00195152), 22♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00195154– AMNH _PBI 00195175) ( AMNH); 153 ( AMNH _PBI 00185727– AMNH _ PBI 00185741), 19♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00185742– AMNH _PBI 00185760) ( USNM). Ampimpa, 17 Km E of Amaicha del Valle in Route 307, 26.64861 ° S 65.81583 ° W, 2755 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, Flourensia fiebrigii Blake (Asteraceae) , 303 ( AMNH _PBI 00100860– AMNH _PBI 00100866, AMNH _PBI 00194755– AMNH _PBI 00194760, AMNH _PBI 00194764– AMNH _PBI 00194770, AMNH _PBI 00194774– AMNH _PBI 00194783), 32♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00100867– AMNH _PBI 00100872, AMNH _PBI 00194721– AMNH _PBI 00194736, AMNH _PBI 00194740– AMNH _PBI 00194745, AMNH _PBI 00194749– AMNH _PBI 00194752) ( AMNH), 2 nymphs ( AMNH _PBI 00194753, AMNH _PBI 00194754) ( AMNH); 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00194761– AMNH _PBI 00194763), 3♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00194737– AMNH _PBI 00194739) ( IFML); 33 ( AMNH _PBI 00194771– AMNH _PBI 00194773), 3♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00194746– AMNH _PBI 00194748) ( USNM).

Figures

Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Biobiocoris setosus, Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, C. pamparum, Hadronemella argentina, and Hyporhinocoris fratruelis. Specimens of H. fratruelis (A–D) show color and total length variation among males and females.

Fig. 4. Distribution map of Biobiocoris setosus and Hyporhinocoris fratruelis.

Fig. 5. Chileria andina (AMNH_PBI 00195132). SEM of selected structures. A. Head, lateral view. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent gland evaporative area. C. Pretarsus, apical view. D. Vestiture on hemelytron, with detail of sericeous setae on the inset. E. Genital capsule, ventroposterior view; arrow points to dorsal process; detail of lateral left dorsal process on the inset. F. Genital capsule, lateral view.

Fig. 9. Distribution map of Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, and C. pamparum.