Chileria pamparum (Berg) Forero, 2009

Forero, Dimitri, 2009, Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini), American Museum Novitates 3642, pp. 1-50 : 21-25

Chileria pamparum (Berg) , new combination

Figures 1 , 8 , 9

Conostethus ? pamparum Berg, 1883: 76 [n. sp.].

Lygus (Lygus) aeruginosus Berg, 1892: 92 [n. sp.]; Carvalho and Carpintero, 1992: 88 [synonym].

Orthotylus pamparum: Carvalho and Drake, 1943: 523 [list, n. comb.]; Carvalho, 1958: 106 [catalog]; Carvalho and Fontes, 1973: 499 [redescription, male genitalia]; Schuh, 1995: 166 [catalog].

Saileria chilena Carvalho and Carpintero, 1991: 778 [n. sp.]. NEW SYNONYM.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by its relatively small size (fig. 1); green-spotted dorsum (fig. 1); anteriorly directed ramus of vesica with a median dorsal flap, apex with two portions of subequal length (fig. 8); left (medial) ramus of posteriorly directed rami of vesica with a median, dorsally serrate flap, apex curved dorsally; right (lateral) ramus of posteriorly directed rami apically bifid, with medial portion expanded toward the apex; apical ramus of vesica with dorsal portion small and rounded, ventral portion simple, not serrate, about twice as long as dorsal portion; genital capsule with a single anterior tergal process on the right margin of aperture, close to dorsal margin, transversely elongate and strongly serrate; tergal processes on left side of genital capsule small, anterior one strongly curved laterally, hooklike, posterior one shorter and slightly curved laterally.

Chileria pamparum is easily distinguished from other species of Chileria by its relatively small size (fig. 1) and particular structure of the vesica. Chileria pamparum is similar to Ch. araucana in having only one tergal process on the right margin of the aperture of the genital capsule (figs. 7, 8). In Ch. pamparum the process is transversely elongate and located anteriorly (fig. 8), whereas in Ch. araucana it is knoblike and located posteriorly (fig. 7). The right tergal process of Ch. pamparum is similar to the anterior tergal process on the right margin of the aperture of Ch. andina (fig. 6), but in the latter the process is less heavily sclerotized and not strongly serrated as in Ch. pamparum (fig. 6). In addition, the right margin of the aperture of the genital capsule of Ch. andina has two processes (fig. 6), not one as in Ch. pamparum (fig. 8).

DISTRIBUTION: Ch. pamparum , widespread in Argentina ( Carpintero and Carvalho, 1993; Melo et al., 2004), is also present in Chile, and here newly recorded from Bolivia (fig. 9). Carvalho and Fontes (1973) recorded Ch. pamparum from Paraguay. I have not examined specimens from that country.

HOSTS: Solanum tuberosum L. ( Solanaceae ), Medicago sativa L. ( Fabaceae ) ( Carpintero and Carvalho, 1993), and an unidentified Malvaceae . Both records given by Carpintero and Carvalho (1993) —potato and alfalfa—are not likely to be natural hosts of Ch. pamparum . Accurate host-plant documentation is needed for Ch. pamparum .

DISCUSSION: Saileria chilena was described from two females from Coquimbo, Chile, without discussing its generic placement ( Carvalho and Carpintero 1991). I was able to associate males and females that agree in size, color pattern, and shape of head and pronotum with the figure provided by Carvalho and Carpintero (1991: 778, fig. 46), and from the same area where S. chilena was described, allowing for examination of male genitalic structures. Male genitalia indicate that what Carvalho and Carpintero (1991) designated as ‘‘ S. chilena ’’ is, in fact, the same as Ch. pamparum (e.g., Carvalho and Fontes, 1973: 500 [as Orthotylus pamparum ], their figs. 15–17). Saileria bella ( Van Duzee, 1916) , the type species of Saileria , has a simple sclerotized vesical spicule (fig. 20). Other Saileria species also have simple vesical spicules (e.g., S. irrorata , S. mexicana , S. compsus, Carvalho, 1985 ; Henry, 1980, 1985). In the examined males of ‘‘ S. chilena ’’, the vesica is heavily sclerotized ( Ch. pamparum , fig. 8). Furthermore, Saileria includes species with delicate hemelytra and eyes removed from the anterior margin of the pronotum ( Hsiao, 1945) (see Saileria bella below, fig. 2), which is not the situation in ‘‘ S. chilena ’’ ( Ch. pamparum , fig. 1). The hemelytral coloration of Ch. pamparum may vary from nearly uniform bright or pale green, to green-spotted. All species of Saileria also have a greenspotted dorsum (e.g., S. bella , fig. 2), which is probably why Carvalho and Carpintero (1991) described their species in Saileria . The habitus illustration of the female holotype of S. chilena ( Carvalho and Carpintero, 1991: 778) is consistent with the hemelytral color pattern of males and females of Ch. pamparum from Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. After examining large series of specimens across the distributional range of this species, I consider S. chilena a junior synonym of Ch. pamparum . Saileria includes 12 species ( Schuh, 1995; Carvalho and Costa, 1994). Some of these species may well not be in Saileria (e.g., S. fluminensis Carvalho, 1990 , probably in the Orthotylus species group; and S. sulina

Carvalho, 1989, in the Zanchius species group, but not congeneric with Saileria ) following the concept of Hsiao (1945), but this issue needs further study.

Conostethus pamparum was transferred to Orthotylus by Carvalho and Drake (1943). Carvalho and Fontes (1973) provided drawings of the parameres and vesica for O. pamparum , but some of the structures were misinterpreted (e.g., the vesica) or not illustrated (e.g., the genital capsule). Detailed drawings of the male genitalia (fig. 8) are provided in this paper to facilitate its recognition and for future analysis of additional Neotropical Orthotylini . The shape of the left and right parameres, the presence of a dorsal left protuberance on the genital capsule, and the particular structure of the vesica, are also shared with other species of Chileria (figs. 5– 7). Therefore, I regard Co. pamparum as belonging to Chileria , with the consequent new combination Chileria pamparum ( Berg, 1883) .

HOLOTYPE ( MALE): [ ARGENTINA]: Buenos Aires: Chascomús [35.5667 ° S 58.0167 ° W], Spegazzini col., ‘‘ Typus’ ’ male, MLP No. 1615, 13 ( MLP).

HOLOTYPE OF SYNONYM: [ CHILE]: Coquimbo [– Region IV: Elqui Province ]: S. Vicuña, Oct 1983, L. E. Peña , Holotypus Saileria chilena det. Carvalho, MLP No. 2637, Col. Carv. no. 238 ( MLP) .

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGEN- TINA: Buenos Aires: La Colina , 37.33333 ° S 61.53333 ° W, 12 Sep 1938, C. J. Drake, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190677 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190682 ) ( USNM) . Catamarca: Arroyo El Pintado , 28.05 ° S 65.58333 ° W, 1968, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190680 , AMNH _ PBI 00190681 ) ( USNM) . Chaco: Pa [mpa] d’[el] Infierno , 26.51911 ° S 61.16075 ° W, 27 Aug 1988, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190666 – AMNH _ PBI 00190671 ) ( USNM) . La Rioja: Guandacol , 42 km SW of Villa Union, 29.5674 ° S 68.5071 ° W, 28 Nov 1993, J. G. Rozen, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00180623 , AMNH _ PBI 00180624 ) ( AMNH) . Los Robles, 28.41666 ° S 67.11667 ° W, 30 Nov 1983, L. E. Peña, 163 ( AMNH _ PBI 00191008 – AMNH _ PBI 00191023 ) , 38♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00191024 – AMNH _ PBI 00191061 ) ( USNM) . San Blas , 28.4 ° S 67.08333 ° W, 12 Nov 1991, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00107591 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI

00107592, AMNH _ PBI 00107593 ) ( USNM) . Santa Clara , 29.55 ° S 68.5167 ° W, 07 Nov 1991, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00107586 – AMNH _ PBI 00107590 , AMNH _ PBI 00190674 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00107594 , AMNH _ PBI 00107595 ) ( USNM) . Mendoza: Cochico , 37.26666 ° S 67.38333 ° W, 09 Sep 1987, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190675 , AMNH _ PBI 00190676 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190678 , AMNH _ PBI 00190679 ) ( USNM) . N of San Rafael , 34.49031 ° S 68.55632 ° W, 06 Dec 1983, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190967 ) ( USNM) . San Rafael , 34.6 ° S 68.3333 ° W, 06 Dec 1983, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190672 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190673 ) ( USNM) . Neuquen: EL Huecu , 37.6167 ° S 70.6 ° W, 04 Feb 1991, L. E. Peña, 123 ( AMNH _ PBI 00106739 – AMNH _ PBI 00106750 ) , 7♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00106751 – AMNH _ PBI 00106757 ) ( USNM) ; 16 Feb 1995 – 17 Feb 1995, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190698 – AMNH _ PBI 00190703 ) , 10♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190704 – AMNH _ PBI 00190713 ) ( USNM) . Rio Agrio , N of Zapala, 38.5208 ° S 70.19227 ° W, 09 Dec 1983, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190968 – AMNH _ PBI 00190970 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190993 , AMNH _ PBI 00190994 ) ( USNM) . Salta : 6 km SW of Pichanal, 23.3549 ° S 64.2584 ° W, 09 Nov 1993, J. G. and B. L. Rozen, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00180627 ) ( AMNH) . San Juan: El Huaco , 30.15 ° S 68.51667 ° W, 22 Jan 1995, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00107605 , AMNH _ PBI 00107606 ) ( USNM) . Santiago del Estero: Beltran , 28.58333 ° S 64.41667 ° W, 28 Feb 1992, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190488 ) ( USNM) . Tucuman : 35 km SE of Quilmes, 26.68 ° S 65.81348 ° W, 2958 m, 01 Mar 2006, T. Henry and D. Forero, Malvaceae , 93 ( AMNH _ PBI 00195176 – AMNH _ PBI 00195184 ) , 10♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00195185 – AMNH _ PBI 00195194 ) ( AMNH) . Cadillal , 26.6833 ° S 65.2666 ° W, 07 Nov 1991, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190683 – AMNH _ PBI 00190688 ) , 9♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190689 – AMNH _ PBI 00190697 ) ( USNM) . BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Comarapa , 17.9 ° S 64.48333 ° W, 1800 m, 14 Dec 1984, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190648 , AMNH _ PBI 00190649 ) , 6♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00107628 – AMNH _ PBI 00107629 , AMNH _ PBI 00190650 – AMNH _ PBI 00190653 ) ( USNM) . CHILE: Antofagasta – Region II: Antofagasta: N of Paposo , 24.964 ° S 70.451 ° W, 30 Oct 1983, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190995 , AMNH _ PBI 00190996 ) ( USNM) . Atacama – Region III: Pinte, W [sic] of Vallenar , 28.98335 ° S 70.27644 ° W, 25 Oct 1980, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190962 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190976 ) ( USNM) . Bio-Bio – Region VIII: Nuble: Las Trancas , Chillan , 36.92136 ° S 71.49416 ° W, 17 Mar 1983 – 20 Mar 1983, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190965 , AMNH _ PBI 00190966 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190979 ) ( USNM) . Shangri-La, 36.98099 ° S 71.50932 ° W, Mar 1984, D. Veas, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190963 ) ( USNM) . Coquimbo – Region IV: Choapa Province: N of los Vilos , 31.89036 ° S 71.48757 ° W, 24 Sep 1982, N.Z.E., 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190964 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190977 , AMNH _ PBI 00190978 ) ( USNM) . Elqui Province : 36 km S of Coquimbo, 30.24979 ° S 71.3877 ° W, 04 Oct 1994, Rozen, Quinter, Ascher, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00180625 , AMNH _ PBI 00180626 ) ( AMNH) . El Pangue , 30.2 ° S 70.65 ° W, 1900 m, 20 Oct 1991, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190980 ) ( USNM) . NE of Choros Bajos , 29.24628 ° S 71.2382 ° W, 20 Oct 1983, L. E. Peña, 53 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190971 – AMNH _ PBI 00190975 ) , 11♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190997 – AMNH _ PBI 00191007 ) ( USNM) . Vicuña , 30.03194 ° S 70.70806 ° W, 17 Oct 1991, L. E. Peña, 12♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190981 – AMNH _ PBI 00190992 ) ( USNM) . 14 km N of Los Vilos , 31.7801 ° S 71.48934 ° W, 150 m, 06 Nov 1981, R. T. Schuh and N . I. Platnick , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00180628 , AMNH _ PBI 00180629 ) ( AMNH) .

Hadronemella argentina (Carvalho and Wallerstein)

Figures 1 , 10

Hadronemisca argentina Carvalho and Wallerstein, 1978: 523 [n. sp.]; Schuh, 1995: 117 [catalog].

Hadronemella argentina: Carvalho, 1984: 51 [new combination].

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the black dorsal coloration with claval suture pale or whitish, and a pale spot on the anterior portion of cuneus (fig. 1); male genitalia with a single, simple spicule ( Carvalho and Wallerstein, 1978: fig. 2).

Hadronemella argentina can be recognized among the species included in Hadronemella by the coloration and the simple structure of the male genitalia. Other species of Hadronemella from Argentina are dark, but not as dark as H. argentina (personal obs.). The vesica, with a simple spicule ( Carvalho and Wallerstein, 1978: fig. 2), is shared with just a few species of Hadronemella (see Carvalho, 1984; Carvalho and Carpintero, 1991; Carvalho and Costa, 1992b).

DESCRIPTION: FEMALE: STRUCTURE: Genitalia (fig. 10): Subgenital plate longer than wide, apex rounded; base of ovipositor located anteriorly to longitudinal midpoint of abdomen; posterior wall with interramal sclerite triangular, well sclerotized, apex strongly curved medially; dorsal margin of posterior wall with scattered microtrichia; dorsal lobe of interramal sclerite elongate, gently curved medially, narrowing apically, covered with very small microtrichia, arranged in a scalelike pattern; medial sclerite indistinct; prolongation of medial margins of second gonapophyses produced as a rounded anterior sclerotized process ventral to interramal sclerite (fig. 10, arrow); dorsal labiate plate not sclerotized; sclerotized rings elongate, subrectangular, anterior portion with microtrichia, lateral recurved portion well sclerotized; ventral labiate plate not sclerotized, without conspicuous tubercles or processes; anterior wall with inner margins of first gonapophyses symmetrical, not sclerotized.

DISTRIBUTION: Hadronemella argentina was originally described from San Luis Province ( Carvalho and Wallerstein, 1978). Carpintero and Carvalho (1993) listed this species additionally from Buenos Aires Province without specific localities. The distribution is extended in this paper to Catamarca.

HOSTS: No host plants have been documented yet for this species.

DISCUSSION: Schuh (1995) listed this taxon under Hadronemisca Carvalho, 1973 , although Carvalho (1984) had transferred it to Hadronemella . I propose to include Hadronemella in the Orthotylus species group of Schuh (1974).

Hadronemella Carvalho, 1984 , is an illdefined genus. All of the species included ( Schuh, 1995, 2006a) are morphologically diverse (see Carvalho, 1984; Carvalho and Carpintero, 1991; Carvalho and Costa, 1992b), in particular regarding male genitalic structure. Hadronemella is probably not monophyletic, an issue that a revision of the genus should address. Nonetheless, species of Hadronemella are not common in collections, and series of males and associated females are rare. Because of this paucity of material and because females have not been illustrated to date, I decided to illustrate the female of H. argentina given the abundance of specimens associated with males from a single locality.

The female of H. argentina has symmetrical medial margins on the first gonapophyses. Such condition is also found in Mecomma ambulans ( Fallen, 1807) ( Pluot-Sigwalt and Matocq, 2006) , some species of Araucanocoris Carvalho (personal obs.), and in members of the Hadronema group ( Forero, 2008). In other members of the Orthotylus species group, like some species of Orthotylus (e.g., O. chilensis , O. chullan , O. kakan , O. kikin , fig. 16) and species of Lopidea ( Davis, 1955; personal obs.), the medial margins of the first gonapophyses are highly asymmetrical. It is not known if the symmetrical condition is a symplesiomorphic character in Orthotylini , which extent in the nominotypical tribe has been poorly documented.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Punta Balasto , 26.96666 ° S 66.13333 ° W, 2155 m, 10 Feb 1983, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190577 – AMNH _ PBI 00190578 , AMNH _ PBI 00190583 ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190641 – AMNH _ PBI 00190644 ) ( AMNH) ; 173 ( AMNH _ PBI 00190564 – AMNH _ PBI 00190576 , AMNH _ PBI 00190579 – AMNH _ PBI 00190582 ), 57♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00190584 – AMNH _ PBI 00190640 ) ( USNM) .

Figures

Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Biobiocoris setosus, Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, C. pamparum, Hadronemella argentina, and Hyporhinocoris fratruelis. Specimens of H. fratruelis (A–D) show color and total length variation among males and females.

Fig. 8. Chileria pamparum. Male genitalia: vesica; genital capsule and parameres in situ; genital capsule without parameres, posterior view; left and right paramere, posterior view; and phallotheca.

Fig. 9. Distribution map of Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, and C. pamparum.

Fig. 10. Hadronemella argentina. Female genitalia: sclerotized rings on dorsal labiate plate, dorsal view; posterior wall with dorsal lobes of interramal sclerites in dorsal view, interramal sclerite dashed; and subgenital plate, ventral view. Arrow on posterior wall indicates anterior sclerotized prolongation of medial margin of second gonapophysis.