Gabbia smithii ( Tate, 1882 )

Ponder, Winston F., 2003, Monograph of the Australian Bithyniidae (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea), Zootaxa 230 (1), pp. 1-126 : 65-75

Gabbia smithii ( Tate, 1882)

Bithinia australis Smith, 1882: 267 . Victoria R, NT. Lectotype (here chosen) and paralectotypes, BMNH 197748 (9); Smith, 1992: 32 (as synonym of Gabbia australis Tryon ).

Bithinia smithii Tate, 1882: 54 ; nom. nov. for Bithinia australis Smith, 1882 , non Gabbia australis Tryon, 1865 ; Iredale, 1943: 207 (as synonym of Gabbia smithii ); Smith, 1992: 32 (as synonym of Gabbia australis Tryon ).

Bithinia tryoni Smith, 1887: 236 , unnecessary nom. nov. for Bithinia australis Smith, 1882 ; Iredale, 1943: 207 (as synonym of Gabbia smithii ); Smith, 1992: 32 (as synonym of Gabbia australis Tryon ).

Gabbia smithii .­ Iredale, 1943: 206.

Material examined

Types: Lectotype and paralectotypes.

Other material:

Western Australia: Donnas Drain, Kimberleys , 17° 15.183'S, 124° 41.767'E, 20 JUL 1998, S.Eberhard ( WAM S12754 , 2 ) ; Shelobs Lair, Kimberleys , 17° 15.317'S, 124° 41.750'E, 20 JUL 1998, S.Eberhard ( WAM S10880 , 8 ) ; Munja Stn, Walcott Inlet , 16° 19.000'S, 124° 56.000'E, 1943, H.F.Consett Davis ( AMS C.307862, 3; AMS C.307883, 7) ; tributary of Mitchell R, small stream on road to Mitchell Falls Camping area , 14° 49.940'S, 125° 44.330'E, under rocks and in weed, in pool, 22 JUN 1999, W.F.Ponder & G.Wilson ( AMS C.371700, 20+) ; Fossil Downs Stn , E of Fitzroy Crossing, 18° 9.000'S, 125° 47.000'E, billabong near water trough and tanks, on Chara , 12 MAY 1978, J.B.Burch & J.Walker ( AMS C.203388, 26) ; swamp ca. 10 km W of Theda Stn turnoff on Kalumbura Rd , 14° 48.310'S, 126° 25.470'E, Cara on soft mud in swampy pools alongside road, 20 JUN 1999, W.F.Ponder ( AMS C.371051, 20+; AMS C.371660, 20+) ; tributary of Carson R, 14° 29.125'S, 126° 43.311'E, pond in dry creek bed, amongst algae, black mud, floating weed, 19 JUN 1999, W.F.Ponder & G.Wilson ( AMS C.371658, 20+) ; near Wyndham, Lagoon 1, 15° 28.000'S, 128° 6.000'E, 28 NOV 1978, J.A.Stoddart & D.Roberts ( WAM 44­96 , 3 ) ; swamp, 14 miles S of Wyndham , 15° 40.000'S, 128° 6.000'E, from crop of Ibis, 1914 ( AMS C.307873, 20+) ; 12 Mile Lagoon, nr Wyndham , 15° 29.000'S, 128° 6.000'E, 12 DEC 1977, J.A.Stoddart, S.Slack­Smith & G. R. Allen ( WAM 993­85 , 3 ) ; Parrys Ck, Pool 2, 15° 22.000'S, 128° 9.000'E, 16 DEC 1977, S.Slack­Smith, J.Stoddart, G. Allen ( WAM 20­96 , 8 ) ; Police Hole nr Wyndham , 15° 34.000'S, 128° 15.000'E, in small waterhole under trees, 12 DEC 1972 ( WAM 21­96 , 1 ) ; Marglu Billabong, Parry Lagoons Nature Reserve , 20 km SE of Wyndham, 15° 32.980'S, 128° 15.600'E, 01 JUL 1996, W.F.Ponder & V.Kessner ( AMS C.327888, sev) ; Parry Lagoons area , S of Wyndham, 15° 34.000'S, 128° 20.000'E, mud bottom with lilies, 21 MAY 1978, J.B.Burch & J.Walker ( AMS C.203390, 2) ; Parry Lagoon Creek Farm, billabong, 15° 35.730'S, 128° 16.660'E, black soil lagoon, on weed in shady areas, 28 JUN 1999, W.F.Ponder & G.Wilson ( AMS C.371036, 22) ; Parry Lagoon Creek Farm, billabong, 15° 35.730'S, 128° 16.660'E, black soil lagoon, on weed in shady areas, 28 JUN 1999, W.F.Ponder & G.Wilson ( AMS C.381438, 3) ; Kununurra ­ Wyndham Rd, 3.9 km from Halls Ck turnoff, stock pond, 15° 52.400'S, 128° 22.300'E, mud and gravel, 21 MAY 1978, J.B.Burch and J.Walker ( AMS C.381446, 2) ; Old Stn billabong, 15° 39.980'S, 128° 41.370'E, on weed and substrate, 01 JUL 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V. Kessner ( AMS C.314734, 20+, AMS C.399381, 2) ; Packsaddle Swamp, Kununurra , 15° 49.000'S, 128° 41.000'E, 03 JUL 1977, J.A.Stoddart ( WAM 997­85 , 21 ) ; Argyle Lagoon, Ord R, 16° 19.000'S, 128° 41.000'E, OCT 1971, B. R. Wilson ( WAM 562­75 , 12 ; WAM 567­75, 6) ; same locality, on water weeds, 7 OCT 1971, B. R. Wilson ( WAM 565­75 , 10 ) ; near Kununurra, Ord R Diversion Dam , 15° 48.000'S, 128° 42.000'E, on banks, 16 OCT 1976, S.Slack­Smith ( WAM 19­96 , 3 ) ; Ord Irrigation Area, Kununurra , 15° 36.000'S, 128° 45.000'E, on Vallisneria in about 2m water, 01 JUL 1977, J.A.Stoddart ( WAM S10881 , 9 ) , same locality, 07 JUL 1977, J.A.Stoddart ( WAM S10882 , 29 ) ; main supply channel, Ord Irrigation Area, Kununurra , 15° 46.000'S, 128° 43.000'E, on Vallisneria , 07 DEC 1977, J.A.Stoddart ( WAM 723­77 , 20 +) ; Pondage Wier, Ord R, Kununurra , 15° 46.000'S, 128° 44.000'E, 22 SEP 1979, J.Blyth ( MV F 54841 , 6 , MV F 54862 , 20+) ; Arm of Lake Argyle at Kununurra (S side of main rd), 15° 47.210'S, 128° 44.260'E, 28 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V. Kessner ( AMS C.202832, 20+) ; Lake Kununurra, Kununurra , 15° 48.000'S, 128° 44.000'E, Lily Pool, on various weeds, 04 JUL 1977, J.A.Stoddart ( WAM 996­85 , 2 ) , same locality, 28 NOV 1978 ( WAM S10883 , 23 ) .

Northern Territory: Cockatoo Lagoon, Keep R NP, 15° 58.160'S, 129° 2.530'E, 28 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder & V.Kessner (AMS C.202808, 20+); Kings Billabong, Victoria Hwy, 15° 46.790'S, 130° 0.870'E, on weeds and mud, 27 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.202831, 20+), same locality, Chara , lilies, 19 MAY 1978, J.B.Burch & J.Walker (AMS C.337023, 20+), same locality, 21 MAY 1986, P.H.Colman (AMS C.151075, 20+); billabong at side of Victoria Hwy between Timber Ck TS and WA border, 15° 45.180'S, 130° 2.650'E, on mud, 27 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.318691, 20+); Billabong in Dick Ck, nr Victoria Hwy, 16° 4.000'S, 130° 10.000'E, 10 DEC 1977, G.R.Allen, S.Slack­Smith & J.A.Stoddart (WAM 487­79, 12); 5.9 km W of Big Horse Ck in roadside mud hole, 15° 35.830'S, 130° 20.820'E, weed washings, 02 JUL 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey, V.Kessner & J.M.Ponder (AMS C.318692, 20+); Darkies Hole, Litchfield Stn, 13° 22.580'S, 130° 27.080'E, 30 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24290, 6; AMS C.318610, 2); Moon Billabong, 5.1 km SW of Litchfield HS, Litchfield Stn, 13° 28.080'S, 130° 28.000'E, 1 OCT 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24291, 20+; AMS C.318569, 6); Tipperoy Stn, Naenayee Lagoon, 13° 50.080'S, 131° 8.230'E, V.Kessner (AMS C.307292, 20+), same locality, 27 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24267, 20+; AMS C.318616, 6); lagoon near Douglas R, S of Douglas R Research Farm, 13° 51.420'S, 131° 9.970'E, 25 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.327875, 20+, AMS C.332846, 20+); billabong, on road to Larrys Lake Yard on W side of road, 5 km N of Buchanan Hwy, E of Victoria R, 16° 18.460'S, 131° 9.700'E, 04 JUL 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, V.Kessner, D.L.Beechey & J.M.Ponder (AMS C.202830, 14); seasonal billabong, 3.4 km SW of Douglas Daly Research Farm, N of Daly R, NT, 13° 51.720'S, 131° 10.050'E, 13 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24292, 20+; AMS C.318623, 6); Fogg Dam, SE of Darwin, 12° 34.000'S, 131° 18.000'E, in shallow water, swampy area, on mud and vegetation, 02 MAY 1981, V.Kessner (AMS C.307881, 20+, QM MO11498, 13); same locality, 06 JUN 1976, A.Dartnall & B.J.Smith (MV F 78757 , 3; MV F 23331, 7), MAR 1975, R. Pengelly (MV F 54857 , 7), on vegetation, in dam and surrounding swamps, 02 MAY 1981, V.Kessner (MV F 54831 , 20+); S of Adelaide R TS, waterhole on side of Stuart Hwy, 12° 35.210'S, 131° 20.480'E, 25 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.318700, 20+, AMS C.399380, 2); Harrison Dam, 12° 35.220'S, 131° 20.490'E, in dense reeds along edge of dam, 24 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.318703, 20+); small billabong, 6.4 km NW of Marrakai Crossing, W of Adelaide R, 12° 53.150'S, 131° 13.120'E, 17 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24284, 20+; AMS C.318622, 6); large billabong 6.8 km NW of Marrakai Crossing, W of Adelaide R, 12° 53.750'S, 131° 12.700'E, 17 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24285, 20+; AMS C.318595, 6); Heathers Lagoons, 4.1 km NW of Marrakai Crossing, W of Adelaide R, 12° 54.670'S, 131° 13.870'E, 17 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24283,5; AMS C.318596, 2), same locality, 3.9 km NW of Marrakai Crossing, 12° 54.770'S, 131° 13.920'E, 17 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24282, 20+; AMS C.318608, 6), 3.5 km NW of Marrakai Crossing, 12° 55.000'S, 131° 14.250'E, 17 SEP 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24281, 20+; AMS C.318572, 5), 12° 54.940'S, 131° 14.200'E, in weed, tree roots and in mud, 24 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.322309, 20+, AMS C.380556, 20+); seasonal pond near Adelaide R, W of Marrakai Crossing, 12° 55.650'S, 131° 15.750'E, 12 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24286, 20+; AMS C.318597, 10); permanent billabong near Adelaide R, W of Marrakai Crossing, 12° 55.670'S, 131° 15.750'E, 12 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24287, 20+; AMS C.318583, 6); small billabong E of Marrakai Crossing, Adelaide R, 12° 55.570'S, 131° 15.920'E, 12 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24288, 20+; AMS C.318617, 6); small billabong, E of Owens Lagoon, W of Aelaide R, 12° 59.220'S, 131° 15.330'E, 11 MAY 1996, V.Kessner (VKC 24279, 20+; AMS C.318633, 6); Owens Lagoon, W of Adelaide R TS, 12° 59.250'S, 131° 15.330'E, weed and mud mostly away from edge, 24 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder, A.C.Miller, D.L.Beechey & V.Kessner (AMS C.318697, 20+); Mt Keppler Stn HS, E of Margaret R, 13.4 km NE, 13° 1.400'S, 131° 22.500'E, 26 JUL 1996, V.Kessner (VKC 24257, 11; AMS C.318593, 3), same locality, collector and date, 13.5 km NE, 13° 1.500'S, 131° 22.750'E (VKC 24258,20+; AMS C.318567, 3), 10.8 km NE, 13° 2.250'S, 131° 21.250'E (VKC 24259, 10; AMS C.318643, 2), 10.2 km NE, 13° 2.330'S, 131° 21.070'E (VKC 24256, 12; AMS C.318632, 3), 7.2 km NE, 13° 3.970'S, 131° 20.270'E (VKC 24255, 20+; AMS C.318566, 6), 7.1 km NE, 13° 4.050'S, 131° 20.270'E (VKC 24254, 20+; AMS C.318577, 6); 5 km SW, 13° 7.330'S, 131° 14.580'E (VKC 24280, 20+; AMS C.318634, 6); Ringwood Stn HS, 4.9 km SW, 0.3 km W of Howley Ck, 13° 8.150'S, 131° 19.600'E, 10 AUG 1996, V.Kessner (VKC 24264, 20+; AMS C.318571, 6); 5.2 km SW, 13° 8.950'S, 131° 19.720'E (VKC 24262, 20+; AMS C.318609, 6), 6 km SW, 13° 9.550'S, 131° 19.550'E (VKC 24261, 20+; AMS C.318626, 6), 6.5 km SW (Alligator Hole), 13° 9.670'S, 131° 19.430'E, (VKC 24260, 20+; AMS C.318562, 6), 17 km SW, 13° 15.480'S, 131° 17.670'E (VKC 24265, 20; AMS C.318601, 6); Mt Bundey Stn, 4 km S of Adelaide R TS, E of Stuart Hwy, 13° 14.870'S, 131° 8.170'E, 12 AUG 1995, V.Kessner (VKC 24289, 20+; AMS C.318598,); ca. 7 km S. of Adelaide R along Stuart H'way., 13° 15.050'S, 131° 6.500'E, in muddy pool alongside road, 29 AUG 1994, W.F.Ponder, G.Wilson & V.Kessner (AMS C.327886, sev); lagoon at Smith Point, Cobourg Peninsula, 11° 7.000'S, 132° 8.000'E, open water, 3 JUN 1976, J.Burch, W.Ponder & D.Feughelman (AMS C.401247, 1); 45 km S of Katherine, 14° 54.000'S, 132° 13.720'E, 05 MAY 1978, V.Kessner (AMS C.307891, 1); Katherine Abbattoir, 14° 30.090'S, 132° 13.720'E, stagnant effluent dam, mud bottom, 10 JUN 1976, J.Burch, W.Ponder & D.Feughelman (AMS C.307890, 20+); Corndorl (=Corndal) Billabong, 12° 37.913’ S, 132° 53.07’ E, 25 MAY 1996 (AMS C.203649, several); Anbangbang (Anabany?) Billabong, 12° 49.65’ S, 132° 52.96’ E, 28 MAY 1996 (AMS C.203650, 6); Mudginberri Billabong, 10 km N Jabiru Mining Camp, 12° 42.000'S, 132° 54.000'E, 12 JUL 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54847 , 17), same locality, 17 JAN 1980, R.Marchant (MV F 54856 , 3); Magela Ck, Jabiru, 12° 38'S, 132° 55'E, 03 DEC 1981 (AMS C.346217, 3), same locality, and flood plain, 1984, P. Dostine (AMS C.203391, 6), muddy water with weed, 14 JUN 1976, W.F.Ponder, J.B.Burch & D.Feughelman (AMS C.401246, 1); Georgetown Billabong, 4 km SE Jabiru Mining Camp, 12° 40.783'S, 132° 52.917'E, 19 DEC 1974 (NTM P15895, 20+), same locality, 11 MAY 1995 (AMS C.203652, 4), 11 DEC 1974, R.Pengelly (MV F 78755 , 2), 15 NOV 1974, R.Pengelly (MV F 78753 , 1), 19 DEC 1974, R.Pengelly (MV F 78756 , 5), 10 DEC 1974 (MV F 78752 , 2), 19 DEC 1974, R.Pengelly (MV F 54859 , 4; MV F 54861 , 9; MV F 45840 , 5), 14 JAN 1980, R.Marchant (MV F 54855 , 10), 05 MAR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54849 , 13), 11 JUN 1979, R.Marchant, (MV F 54853 , 20+), 02 APR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54845 , 8), 06 AUG 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54850 , 1); Buffalo Billabong, 11 km N Jabiru Mining Camp, 12° 42.000'S, 132° 54.000'E, 04 MAY 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54843 , 20+), same locality, 10 MAR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54844 , 2), 07 APR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54852 , 20+), 18 JAN 1980, R.Marchant (MV F 54848 , 1); Goanna Billabong, 3 km NW Jabiru Mining Camp, 12° 42.000'S, 132° 54.000'E, 07 MAR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54846 , 20+), same locality, 05 APR 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54854 , 20+), same locality, 08 AUG 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54842 , 2), 13 JAN 1979, R.Marchant (MV F 54851 , 20+), 16 JAN 1980, R.Marchant (MV F 54871 , 17); pond beside Roper Hwy, 1/ 2 km towards Roper Bar from Scherwin Ck, 14° 42.270'S, 134° 27.620'E, on mud and weed, 19 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.326789, 20+); Lomarieum Lagoon, St Vidgeon Stn, Roper R, 14° 46.870'S, 134° 53.260'E on weed etc., 20 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.337049, 20+); Elsey Cemetery, 11 km S of Mataranka Springs, 15° 5.100'S, 130° 2.380'E, along edges of large drying pond in soft mud and grass, 18 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.332833, 20+), same locality, on and in mud and on green algae, 03 JUL 1999, W.F.Ponder (AMS C.371694, 20+), in recently dried up pool/swamp, 23 JUN 1996, W.F.Ponder & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.202809, 20+); Warloch Ponds, near Elsey Cemetery, S of Mataranka, 15° 5.250'S, 133° 7.330'E, 06 APR 1996, V.Kessner (VKC 24276, 20+; AMS C.318585, 6); 2 km S of Bing Bong Stn HS, Gulf of Carpentaria, 15° 38.500'S, 136° 21.330'E, 16 APR 1996, V.Kessner (VKC 24301 (part), 13); Tawarrila Ck, S. of Bing Bong, W. Gulf of Carpentaria, 15° 46.580'S, 136° 25.170'E, amongst macrophytes, 23 AUG 1994, W.F.Ponder, G.Wilson & V.Kessner (AMS C.327882, 20+); Wanmurri Lagoon, 5 km S of Manangoora Stn, 16° 2.660'S, 136° 55.400'E, on grass at edges, on mud in deeper water at edge of grass, 23 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.401220, 8).

Queensland: Bynoe R, 17° 51.740'S, 140° 48.190'E, small billabong on E side, on mud in shallow water, 30 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.332836, 20+), same locality, collectors and date, muddy billabong between Bynoe R & overflow channel, 17° 51.760'S, 140° 48.460'E, on mud (AMS C.332831, 20+), Bynoe Waterhole, near side channel of Bynoe R to E of main crossing, 17° 52.050'S, 140° 49.360'E, on mud amongst algae (AMS C.331867, 20+); mudhole ca. 1 km E of Karumba, 17° 29.660'S, 140° 50.600'E, on mud amongst algae and grass, 31 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.331864, 20+); Billabong beside Norman R at Gulf Developmental Rd, 17° 51.400'S, 141° 8.110'E, amongst weed and on mud, 30 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.331860, 1); Twelve Mile Ck waterholes at Karumba to Normaton Rd, 17° 31.730'S, 141° 9.570'E, 31 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.346422, 25); Brannigan Ck at Karumba to Normanton Rd (side channel with waterholes), 17° 28.660'S, 141° 10.600'E, 31 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.331865, 20+); mudholes by Walker Ck, 17° 28.030'S, 141° 10.790'E, in mud around edges, 31 MAY 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.331880, 20+); waterhole in river flood channel of Gilbert R, ca. 0.2 km S of Gilbert R, 17° 10.450'S, 141° 45.990'E, on weed & mud, 01 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.380900, 4); Developmental Rd, 16° 41.000'S, 141° 58.550'E, on grass & substrate mainly in middle part, 1 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.347242, 12); Dorunda Lodge, ponds at campground, 16° 33.210'S, 141° 49.540'E, on weed, mainly in deeper water, 2 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.326795, 20+); mudhole 1 km W of Dorunda Lodge, 16° 33.450'S, 141° 50.190'E, 2 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.203395, 20+); swampy hole 3 km on E side of Wyaaba Ck Crossing on Burke waterhole W of Pelican Ck, 10.5 km SSE of Wyaaba Ck crossing, 16° 46.920'S, 141° 59.230'E, on grass & substrate, 1 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.332838, 8); Bloodwood Lagoon, 16° 13.450'S, 142° 13.800'E, on weed away from edges, 2 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.326802, 20+); billabong SW of Dunbar, on road to Rutland Plains, 16° 3.610'S, 142° 19.130'E, on weed, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.346623, 20+); billabong 2 km from Farewell Yards, SW of Dunbar, on rd to Rutland Plains, 16° 3.610'S, 142° 19.130'E, on weed, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.381451, 20+); Clarks Lagoon, Dunbar Stn on Burke Dev Rd, 16° 1.030'S, 142° 25.010'E, on weed, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.381253, 1; AMS C.381472, 20+); just outside Mungkan Kaanju NP, billabong on side of track to Merapah Stn, 13° 39.170'S, 142° 36.340'E, on weeds & surface of mud, 23 SEP 2000, W.F.& J.M.Ponder (AMS C.385438, 20+); billabong opposite Healeys Yard, on Burke Dev. Rd, 16° 4.050'S, 142° 37.290'E, on weed, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.332840, 20+); billabong on Burke Development Road, NW of Marlborough Yard, 16° 5.460'S, 142° 41.170'E, on weed, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.326796, 20+); small lagoon near Ten Mile Yard, 16° 20.510'S, 143° 2.460'E, on weeds in shallow billabong, 3 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.326801, 20+); Longreach Lagoon, at Burke Developmental Rd, 16° 32.080'S, 143° 24.190'E, on weed, 04 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.346620, 20+); Dinner Camp Lagoon on Burke Development Rd, 16° 33.370'S, 143° 30.680'E, on weed, 04 JUN 1997, W.F.Ponder, V.Kessner & D.L.Beechey (AMS C.332837, 20+); E of Einasleigh, “Red Rock”, Pigeon Springs, artesian spring in clay pan, 18° 34.450'S, 144° 5.867'E, on logs and mud, 31 MAR 2001, R.J.Fensham (AMS C.401125, 20+); NW of Greenvalee, Lyndhurst Stn, Swamp Paddock Spring, 18° 3.633'S, 144° 32.133'E, 5 JUN 2001, R.J.Fensham (AMS C.417595, 18); 14 km NW of Cooktown, billabong on side of road, 15° 25.600'S, 145° 9.270'E, on surfaces of fine weed, along edges of billabong, 15 SEP 2000, W.F.& J.M.Ponder (AMS C.386130, 20+).

Description

Shell ( Figs 1J , 14 G­J, 23A­I) small to moderate (up to 5.6 mm in length), ovate­conic to conic in shape, with up to 4.7 convex whorls. Protoconch of about 1.5 smooth whorls. Teleoconch sculptured with fine collabral growth lines (rarely developed into close, weak rugae on last whorl) and, usually, microscopic spiral striae (typically not visible using a stereomicroscope); base evenly convex; imperforate in adults and juveniles. Aperture broadly ovate; peristome thin, very slightly thickened in mature specimens; outer lip prosocline. Colour: shell opaque to transparent; periostracum very thin, pale yellow to greenish­yellow or pale brown, edge of mature aperture dark brown. Varices thin dark brown lines but rarely present.

Dimensions. See Table 18 for dimensions of type material and Appendix, Table 29 , for summary shell dimensions and whorl counts.

Operculum ( Fig. 20 G­O) typical of genus. Ovate, slightly to moderately concave, translucent to white; concentric growth ridges usually indistinct; inner surface with muscle scar occupying most of surface, sculptured with low pustules or irregular low, concentric or irregular folds.

Radula (Appendix Table 30 ; Fig. 28 A­E) typical of genus. Central teeth with 2­4 cusps on either side of median cusp which is tapering and sharply pointed and up to nearly twice as long as adjacent cusps (usually about 1.5 length) and its base about twice as wide; face of tooth with single large basal cusp (about 0.4­0.5 height of tooth) and 0­4 pairs of denticles or small cusps that extend well inside lateral margin and form denticulate ridge along basal edge of tooth; lateral margins straight, at about 50­60º; basal tongue short, pointed to rounded. Lateral teeth with cusp formula 2­4 (usually 3) + 1 + 3­6 (usually 4); with cutting edge about half length of lateral part of tooth; median cusp about 1.2­1.7 as long as adjacent cusps, tapering gradually proximally, distally more rapidly, end pointed to rounded; upper edge of lateral part of tooth at about 50­60º to cutting edge, lateral edge straight to slightly concave. Inner marginal teeth with 15­22 cusps, outer marginals with 9­ 16 cusps.

Head­foot unpigmented to weakly pigmented, with smudge of grey to black behind tentacle bases, sides of foot and opercular lobe, and narrow line of black to grey pigment in centre of tentacles. Mantle roof, when pigmented, grey to black, with many white spots giving it netted appearance.

Anatomy. Gill ( Fig. 6G ) with position of apices variable (n=12), usually at right edge to about right quarter, with anterior quarter at about right quarter to third (AMS C.322309, AMS C.331867), sometimes near half, or two thirds from right, others on or near right edge (AMS C.332837); 52­55 filaments (n = 4). Osphradium opposite middle of gill. Penis and accessory lobe slender, accessory lobe about three quarters to two thirds length of penial lobe, distal end not expanded or sucker­like; accessory gland moderate to long. Pallial oviduct ( Fig. 8B ) similar to G. vertiginosa , albumen gland large, wider than capsule gland, bursa copulatrix broad, overing about half of inner face of capsule gland and extending to posterior pallial wall (AMS C.322309, AMS C.331867, AMS C.332837).

Distribution ( Fig. 24 ) and habitat. This species is often abundant, living on macrophytes in billabongs and lagoons on the flood plains of coastal rivers in the northern Queensland (Cape York and Gulf of Carpentaria) to the eastern side of the Kimberley. The lack of varices in many specimens and prominent growth rings on the operculum suggests that this species usually lives for a single year.

Remarks

The type specimens of this species were marked “probable syntypes ” but in the absence of any other type material these are considered to be the type material. Several of the specimens are immature and, to assist in stablising the taxonomy of this variable species, a lectotype has been chosen ( Fig. 1J ). This species, as interpreted here, varies considerably in size and in shape, from conical (e.g., Fig. 23B ) to almost ovate­conic (e.g., Fig. 23C ), the types ( Fig. 1J ) falling in the broader end of the range of variation. While some populations exhibit considerable variation in shape, others are more consistent with some having mostly inflated shells while others have only conical shells. Examination of radulae from 13 samples across the range of shell variation has not detected any consistent differences in the more inflated populations.

While variable in shape, specimens from the Northern Territory to the eastern Kimberley are often more conical and slightly larger than many populations of G. smithii from Queensland and also typically differ in lacking the fine spiral striae seen in those specimens. However, a few conical populations also exhibit fine spirals and the radulae of the two forms is also very similar. The only difference, which is not consistent, is that the “typical” G. smithii (the more inflated form) usually has a short rounded basal tongue on the central teeth while that of the conical, smooth form is also short, but is often more triangular, coming to a blunt point. Given the apparent absence of any other clear­cut differences, the conical form is treated here as being conspecific with G. smithii , but this assumption requires testing. Of the material examined anatomically, there is considerable variation in the length of the accessory gland of the penis, and in the position of the gill apex. A detailed study of these differences has not been carried out to determine if they are correlated with particular shell morphologies. If they are, it is possible that more than one species is represented within what is being treated here as G. smithii .

Some specimens from the eastern Kimberley reach a larger size (up to about 6.3 mm in length) than most specimens of G. smithii , and are typically elongate­conic, but are otherwise similar and appear to be indistinguishable from typical smithii .

Two lots from the Boyne River (AMS C. 332836; AMS C. 331867) have a radula in some specimens with the outer basal cusps more strongly developed than in most other specimens of G. smithii but are otherwise similar.

One lot from Queensland (AMS C.326796) has smaller radular cusp counts and a completely unpigmented mantle. A single bleached specimen (Whim Ck area, W of Balla , Balla Ck nr NW corner of Mallina Stn, Tanganyika Gold Lease M 47/360, 20° 45.500'S, 117° 46.000'E, flood plain, 30 MAY 2000, S. Slack­Smith [WAM S12741 , 1]) from the Pilbara area in Western Australia is large and conical and only tentatively referred to this species.

The only similar species in northern Australia is G. affinis which differs in its shell being more solid with fine axial rugae on all whorls and more convex whorls. In addition, the radula of G. affinis has a longer, narrower basal projection on the central teeth and the basal denticles are more strongly developed. G. obesa could be confused with the most inflated forms of G. smithii but that species differs in being umbilicate and is separated well from G. smithii in a discriminant function analysis ( Fig. 17B,C ; Table 19 ). G. tumida from the Kimberley is also similar but is umbilicate and also discriminates well from G. smithii . G. napierensis , also from the Kimberley, has a more solid shell, with more convex whorls and a thickened aperture.

The spelling of the name smithii is not emended (to smithi ) following ICZN (1999) Article 33.4.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Shells of type specimens: A, Bithynia vertiginosa Frauenfeld 1862, holotype, NHMV, shell length 6.79 mm; B, Gabbia iredalei Cotton 1942, holotype, SAM, D14098, shell length 6.97 mm; C, Gabbia australis suspecta Iredale 1944, syntype, AMS, C.51675, shell length 6.54 mm; D, Gabbia australis suspecta Iredale 1944, syntype, AMS, C.100600, shell length 4.65 mm; E; Bithynia schraderi Frauenfeld 1862, holotype, NHMV, shell length 6.46 mm; F, Bithinia hyalina Brazier 1875, syntype, AMS, C.110159, shell length 4.98 mm; G, Bithinia hyalina Brazier 1875, syntype, MMS A69, shell length 6.63 mm; H, Gabbia australis Tryon, 1865, probable paralectotype, AMS, C.110160, shell length 5.43 mm; I, Gabbia affinis Smith 1882, topotype, AMS, C.2515, shell length 4.44 mm; J, Bithinia australis Smith, 1882 (= Gabbia smithii Tate 1882), lectotype, BMNH, 197748, shell length 3.20 mm; K, Gabbia microcosta n.sp., holotype, AMS, C.417677, shell length, 8.51 mm; L, Gabbia spiralis, n. sp., holotype, AMS, C.417682, shell length 4.56 mm.

FIGURE 6. Gills and osphradia. A, E – Gabbia vertiginosa, A, AMS, C.203392; E, AMS, C.308028; B – Gabbia beecheyi, AMS, C.332844; C – Gabbia fontana, AMS, C.307903; D – Gabbia rotunda, AMS, C.400134; F – Gabbia adusta, AMS, C.203394; G – Gabbia smithii AMS, C.322309; H – Gabbia kessneri, AMS, C.351073. Scales: 500 m. os ­ osphradium.

FIGURE 8. Pallial oviducts, viewed from left side. A, Gabbia vertiginosa, AMS, C.332866; B, Gabbia smithii, AMS, C.322309; C, Gabbia kessneri, AMS, C.322308. Scales: 500 m.

FIGURE 14. Protoconchs and microsculpture: A, Gabbia cf. rotunda, AMS, C.385439; B, C, Gabbia fontana, AMS, C.380856; D – F, Gabbia obesa, D, E, paratype, AMS, C.417603, F, AMS, C.318584; G – J, Gabbia smithi, G, H, AMS, C.318692, I, AMS, C.202831, J, AMS, C.331867; K – M, Gabbia kessneri, K, M, paratype, AMS, C.322308, L, AMS, C.203385; N, O, Gabbia beecheyi, AMS, C.331878. A, C, I ­ M, microsculpture, B, D ­ H, N, O, protoconch; Scales: A, D, H ­ J, 50 m, B ­ C, E ­ G, K ­ O, 100 m.

FIGURE 17. A ­ D, ­ Plots of the canonical scores obtained from a discriminant function analysis using all shell measurements and whorl counts. A, x – G. fontana; O – G. davisi; + ­ G. pallidula. B, x – G. obesa; O – G. smithii; + ­ G. tumida. C, x – G. fontana; O – G. davisi; + ­ G. obesa; ­ G. pallidula; ­ G. tumida. D, x – G. smithii; O – G. napierensis; + ­ G. tumida.

FIGURE 20. Opercula: A ­ C, Gabbia fontana, paratype, AMS, C.307903; D ­ F, Gabbia obesa, paratype, AMS, C.203380; G ­ P, Gabbia smithii, G ­ I, AMS, C.318692, J, K, AMS, C.314734, L, M, AMS, C.326796, N­P, AMS, C.332836; A, C, E, F, K, N, outer side, B, D, G ­ J, L – M, O, P, inner side; Scales: 500 m.

FIGURE 23.Shells: Gabbia smithii, A, AMS, C.202810, B, AMS, C.322309, C, AMS, C.202831, D, AMS, C.314734, E, AMS, C.326796, F, G, AMS, C.332836, H, I, AMS, C.331867; Scales: A – I, 500 m.

FIGURE 24. Distribution of Gabbia smithii

FIGURE 28. Radulae: A ­ E, Gabbia smithii, A, D, AMS, C.202810, B, C, AMS, C.202831, E, AMS, C.331867; F ­ I, Gabbia kessneri, paratype, AMS, C.322308; J ­ M, Gabbia beecheyi, J ­ L, paratype, AMS, C.331852, M, AMS, C.331862; A, B, H, J, K, half rows of teeth, C, central and lateral teeth, D, F, I, L, central teeth, E, G, M, lateral teeth; Scales: 20 m.