Ipomoea tricolor Cav.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

257. Ipomoea tricolor Cav. , Icon 3: 5, t. 208. 1795. (Cavanilles 1795-96: 5)

Convolvulus venustus Spreng. , Syst. Veg. 1: 600. 1825 [pub. 1824]. (Sprengel 1824: 600). Type. Based on Ipomoea tricolor Cav.

Ipomoea hookeri G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 274. (Don 1838: 274), nom. illeg. superfl. for Ipomoea tricolor Cav.

Ipomoea rubrocaerulea Hook. , Bot. Mag. 8: t. 3297. 1834. (Hooker WJ 1834a: t. 3297). Type. Cultivated plant from Guanajuato, MEXICO. Richardson s.n., not preserved, lectotype t. 3297 in Bot. Mag., designated by McDonald (1994: 121).

Convolvulus rubrocaeruleus (Hook.) D. Dietr. , Syn. Pl. 1: 670. 1839. (Dietrich, D 1839: 670).

Pharbitis rubrocaerulea (Hook.) Planch. , Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 281, t. 966. 1854. (Planchon 1854: 281).

Ipomoea schiedeana Ham. , Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 19. 1838. (Lindley 1838a: 19), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea schiedeana Zucc. (1831) . Type. Cultivated plant from MEXICO. Schiede s.n., not preserved, lectotype drawing by Nairn (OXF), designated by McDonald (1994: 121).

Ipomoea violacea auct. mult. (non L.)

Type.

[cultivated plant from Mexico], Cavanilles s.n. (lectotype MA475860, designated here).

Description.

Twining annual herb, glabrous in all parts, stems robust and often thick (4-5 mm broad). Leaves petiolate, 3-12 × 2-10 cm, ovate, cordate with rather angular, nearly rounded auricles, apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous; petioles 1.5-11 cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate, few-flowered axillary cymes; peduncles 3-20 cm; bracteoles 1-2 mm, oblanceolate, early caducous; secondary peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm; pedicels 1.5-3 cm, spreading at a wide angle; sepals subequal, 5-7 × 3 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acute, dark green with white margin, inner slightly longer than the outer; corolla 5-7.5 cm long, funnel-shaped, glabrous, tube white, yellowish inside, limb blue, 4 cm diam. Capsules 10 × 6 mm, ovoid, glabrous, rostrate; seeds 7 × 3 mm, blackish, appearing glabrous but minutely tomentellous under a microscope.

Illustration.

Figure 6B ; Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005: 180).

Distribution.

Usually presumed to be of Mexican origin, but widely cultivated as an ornamental plant, even in temperate countries, and the following citations mix cultivated plants with garden escapes, adventives on roadsides and weeds of disturbed areas. It rarely appears truly native even in central Mexico.

BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: H. Mello Barreto 5170 (F, SP). São Paulo: J. Santoro 589 (LIL, SP).

BOLIVIA. La Paz: Calacota, J. Solomon 18363 (LPB, MO); Inquisivi, Licoma, J.R.I. Wood et al. 29179 (LPB, USZ). Santa Cruz: Florida, Pampa Grande, M. Nee & M. Mendoza 52929 (MO, NY); Ichilo, Buenavista, J.R.I. Wood & D. Soto 27960 (USZ).

PERU. Ayacucho: C. Vargas 15676 (CUZ).

ECUADOR. Loja: G. Harling 6006 (MO, S); Catamayo valley, C. Huttel 1980 (QCA, QCNE).

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Medellín, J. Triana s.n. (BM, P). Cundinamarca: Fusagasugá, E. André 1601 (K).

VENEZUELA. Aragua: A. Fendler 2087 (K, MO). Dist. Fed.: Caracas, Moritz 491 (BM); Lara: Barquismeto, F. de la Puente 784 (OXF). Mérida: J. de Bruijn 1345 (K, MO, S, WAG).

COSTA RICA. Alajuela, M. Chavarría 726 (K, MO).

NICARAGUA. Río Grande, J.T. Atwood & P. Mena 2484 (BM, GH, MO, NY); Estelí, Pueblo Nuevo, L.O. Williams & A. Molina 42399 (BM, F); W.D. Stevens 26630 (MO).

GUATEMALA. Casillas, Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux 4352 (BM); J. Donnell Smith 4352 (K).

MEXICO. Campeche: E.F. & H. Cabrera 10862 (MEXU). Chiapas: Motozintla, D.E. Breedlove 40546 (MO). Guanajuato: León, E. Carranza & I. Silva 6276 (IEB). Guerrero: Adama Temisco, Cerro de Otote, Y. Mexia 8863 (MO, S); Teloloapan, J.C. Soto Nuñez 19892 (MEXU); Zihugio, Mina, G.B. Hinton 9723 (K). Hidalgo: Tasquillo, R. Hernández & D. Rodríguez 4982 (MO). Jalisco: Chapala, E. Palmer 702 (BM, K); ibid., W.B. Gourlay 62 (K); La Unión, J.C. Soto Nuñez et al. 11275 (MEXU); ibid., 12515 (K). Michoacán: Morelia, G. Arsène s.n. [18/8/1910] (K); Coalcomán, G.B. Hinton 12496 (GBH, K, MO). Morelos: Fröderström & Hultén 483 (S), 406 (S); Cuernavaca, E. Bourgeau 1409 (K, P). Miacatlan, G. Flores & E. Cabrera 648 (MEXU). Oaxaca: J. Tournon 564 (P). Puebla: Coxcatlán. J.I. Calzada 24297 (K). Querétaro: E. Argüelles 2797 (IEB). Veracruz: C.M. Rosas 745 (BM). Yucatán: Izamal, G.F. Gaumer 329 (BM, K); Silam, G.F. Gaumer 1661 (BM, K, S).

UNITED STATES. Colorado: S. Peck 193 (KHD). Missouri: J. Sheets 104 (SEMO). Texas: L.H. Shinners 9445 (FSU).

CUBA. Pinar del Río: J. Bissé & C. Schez (HAJB51411).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. E.J. Valeur 272 (K, NY, S); A.H. Liogier 13861 (NY), 17790 (NY).

PUERTO RICO. N.L. & E.G. Britton 9117 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St Croix: fide Acevedo-Rodríquez (2005); St John: P. Acevedo-Rodríguez 3119 (MO, NY). Antigua: H.E. Box 1341 (BM). Guadeloupe: A. Duss 3591 (NY).

Figures

Figure 6. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. argyreia B I. tricolor C I. argentea D I. syringiifolia E I. eriocalyx F I. procurrens G I. tarijensis H I. regnellii. Photographs of A (Mendoza 4899); C (Mendoza 4705) and F (Mendoza 4900) by Moises Mendoza; B (Wood & Soto 27960) and H (Wood & Soto 27951) by Daniel Soto; D by Hector Keller; E (Wood et al. 27809) by Beth Williams; G (Wood 27920) by John Wood.