Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758

Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, Zootaxa 4460 (1), pp. 1-62 : 29

Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758

( Figs 24 , 25 )

Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758: 455 .

Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae cylindrical, pointed apically ( Fig. 25E ); tubular ducts present or absent ( Fig. 25F ); duct tubercles present ( Fig. 25B ); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates ( Fig. 25G ). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed, bifid or fimbriate apices ( Fig. 25A ). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 10 loculi ( Fig. 25I ); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, some present around each pro- and mesocoxa ( Figs 24D , 25M ); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 7 segmented ( Figs 24C , 25P ); and legs with a tibiotarsal articulatory sclerosis ( Figs 24E , 25L ) (partially adopted from Hodgson 1994; Hodgson & Henderson 2000).

Material examined. 10 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 4.v.2015, coll. J.Y. Choi, on Citrus sp. ( Rutaceae ); 3 ♀♀, Xaythany Dist., Vientiane Prov., 26.i.2015, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Mangifera indica L. ( Anacardiaceae ); 2 ♀♀, Pakngum Dist., Vientiane Prov., 13.i.2016, on Psidium guajava L. ( Myrtaceae ) (same collector).

Hosts. Highly polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), C. hesperidum has been recorded from plants belonging to 346 genera in 121 families. In Laos, it has been recorded on Dracaena sp. ( Asparagaceae ) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) ( Suh & Bombay 2015; Soysouvanh & Hong 2016).

Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region ( India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam) ( Suh & Bombay 2015; Soysouvanh & Hong 2016; García Morales et al. 2016).

Economic importance. Coccus hesperidum is one of the most widely distributed and polyphagous scale insects ( Williams & Watson 1990). Economically, it is considered to be a common pest of various ornamental plants and agricultural crops, such as citrus, guava (Psidium guajava) and mango ( Mangifera indica ) ( Kapranas et al. 2007).

Remarks. Coccus hesperidum seems to be closely related to C. elatensis Ben-Dov , C. gymnospori ( Green, 1908) and C. moestus De Lotto , but is easily differentiated by having 7-segmented antennae; the other three species all have 8-segmented antennae ( Ben-Dov 1981).

Figures

FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna.