Triphosa silviae, Wanke & Hausmann & Rajaei, 2019

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel & Rajaei, Hossein, 2019, An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in the Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 39-65 : 49-51

Triphosa silviae sp. n.

( figs 14 , 23, 24 , 39 , 47 ; map)

Material examined. HOLOTYPE. ♂, Iran, Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun, Fort Mian – Kotal, ca 2000 m, Mai [v.] 1937, coll. Brandt; g. prep. 0059/2018 D. Wanke; in SMNK.

PARATYPES. 1 ♂, Iran, Fars, Shiraz, 3.v.1941, E.P. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920569 , g. prep. 0050/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Iran, Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan ( Khach ), 2800 m, 20.v.1938, coll. Brandt, L.B. Prout Coll. B.M. 1939-643, NHMUK 010920568 ; 1 ♀, Iran, Fars, Pireh Zan , 6.v.1940, E.p. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920570 ; 1 ♀, Iran, nr. Yezd [Yazd], Barfkhaneh , 6.vi.1940, E.p. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920571 ; all in BMNH . 1 ♀, Fars-Dasht, Arjan , 27.v.77, Abai, g. prep. 0006/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♀, Fars, Mamassani-Chahgah , 19-29.v.1976, Abai L.T .; 1 ♀, Fars, Mamasani-Chahtut , 1-8.vi.1976, Abai L.T., g. prep. 0007/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Khorassan, Kopedagh-Allahakbar , 1950 m, 16.vi.1974, Leg: Radj. / Paz., g. prep. 0008/2018 D. Wanke; all in HMIM . 1 ♂, E-Iran, Prov. Ostan-e Khorasan, N 36°55’56.6’’ E 059°02’18.6’’, Kopet Dagh, NW Mashad, N Tschenaran, N Radkan, Dolmeh Olia , 1560 m NN, 09.v.2008, legit Bernd Müller, Robert Trusch & Michael Falkenberg, g. prep. 0019/2018 D. Wanke; in PCBM . 1 ♂, Iran, Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun, Fort Mian – Kotal , ca 2000 m, v.1937, coll. Brandt, g. prep. 0010/ 2018 D. Wanke ; 1♂, Iran, Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan ( Khach ), 2500 m, 16.v.1938, coll. Brandt, g. prep 753/2009 H. Rajaei ; 1 ♀, Kerman-Bam, Dehbakri / 2200 m, 1-2.v.1973, g. prep 1909/2015 H. Rajaei ; 2 ♀, S-Iran, Prov. Fars, Tange Surkh , 50 km NW Ardekan, 2250 m NN, 12.-15.vi.1975, leg. Ebert / Falkner, SMNK E-Lep. -47, g. preps. 755/2009 H. Rajaei, 1235/2010 H. Rajaei ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, NE-Iran, Prov. Ostan-e Khorasan, Kopet Dagh, NW Mashad, N Tschenaran, N Radkan, Dolmeh Olia , N 36°55‘56‘.6‘‘, E 59°02’18.6‘‘. 9.v.2008, 1560 mNN, lux, leg. R. Trusch, M. Falkenberg & B. Müller, SMNK E-Lep. 247, g. prep (♂) 0140/2018 D. Wanke; all in SMNK . 2 ♀, Iran, prov. Kohkiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad, 30 km S Yassuj, road Abshare-Tange-Tamoradi, 8 km before Abshar, N 30°31’53’’ E 051°25’11’’, Alt. 2254 m, 24.v.2009, leg. Hossein Rajaei, g. prep (♀) 0009/2018 D. Wanke ; 1 ♂, Iran, Isfahan prov. Abade-Semirom road, 30 km before Hanna protected area, 2435 m, N 31°12’22’’, E 051°51’37’’, 09.vi.2010, leg. H. Rajaei, g. prep 1910/2015 H. Rajaei; all in SMNS . 1 ♀, Iran, Khorasan, NP Golestan-Dasht , 1138 m, 21- 22.v.2001, 37,17.8325/ 5,56.836, leg. Dr. Ch. Wieser, BC ZSM Lep 08631, g. prep 1386 H. Rajaei ; 1 ♀, N-Iran, Demavend, 4500 m, ( Licht ), 21.-31.vii.1996, leg. Müller, BC ZSM Lep 07132, g. prep 1392 H. Rajaei; all in ZSM .

Description. Wingspan 36–42 mm (forewing length 19–23 mm). Antennae filiform. Frons slightly convex, projecting about half the diameter of eye, smoothly scaled. Chaetosemata present. Labial palpi rather thick and long, exceeding frons by half diameter of eye, tip darker scaled. Ground colour of wings beige, sandy coloured. Forewing with stronger wing pattern, termen slightly wavy. Transversal lines greyish-brown, fading from costa to the inner margin. Hindwing pale, transversal lines faint. Terminal line of both wings varies from beige to greyishbrown. Termen of the hindwing heavily wavy. Fringes clearly visible, slightly paler than ground colour.

Male genitalia ( figs 14 , 39 ). Uncus long, thin, tapered, sub-medially curved and heavily sclerotized. Socii present, weakly developed; consisting of a few numbers of setae at the base of the uncus. Subscaphium sclerotized, strewn with plenty of little spines on both sides. Tegumen arched, consisting of two broad sclerotized tapes with a posterior rounded notch touching the base of the uncus. Valva apically rounded, its apical half weakly sclerotized; costa of valva and sacculus projection heavily sclerotized, the latter distally forked, both distally not connected to the valva. Costal projection proximally narrow, slightly dilating to distal part, tip kidney-shaped. Labides on ventral view flat and setose, thickened to the centre, almost touching each other. In posterior view, the labides are broader than in ventral view. Juxta three-lobed. Saccus laterally elongated, centrally furrowed (shape differs due to preparation technique). Sacculus projection heavily sclerotized, distally forked. Fork-shaped tip consisting of two slightly different prongs; upper prong somewhat longer and broader than the lower one. Aedeagus broad and short, sclerotized. Vesica membranous, partially covered with patch of mirocornuti.

Female genitalia ( fig. 47 ). Ovipositor short and broad. Apophyses posteriores approximately twice length of apophyses anteriores. Antrum short, funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae bent, very short, flat, wide in ventral view, but narrow in lateral view. Corpus bursae pyriform; posterior part strongly sclerotized, with longitudinal folds, very long and strongly funnel-shaped (on average 1.8 mm length, 1.0 mm width). Second, anterior part membranous. Signum lacking.

Diagnosis. Like other Triphosa species, T. silviae sp. n. is mainly characterized and distinguishable by the male genitalia. The socii consist of a small number of setae located at the base of the uncus (few setae at the base of the uncus in T. dubitata ; more setae at the uncus base in T. lecerfi sp. n.; setae located on protrusions in T. sabaudiata and T. taochata ) ( figs 13 a–17a). Labides are flat, thickened to the centre and setose unlike those in the other Triphosa species (hump-shaped, not touching each other, equipped with setae in T. dubitata ; flat, strongly and densely setose in T. lecerfi sp. n.; labides stick-like fused in T. sabaudiata ; spoon-shaped, fused, tip strongly setose in T. taochata ) ( figs 13 b–17b). Prongs at the tip of sacculus projection slightly different, with upper prong longer and broader, and the angle between prongs being less than 90° (lower prong shorter than upper one, upper prong curved, both arranged in less than 90° in T. dubitata ; both prongs blunt and short, arranged in more than 90° in T. lecerfi sp. n.; two identical prongs, arranged in ~45° in T. sabaudiata ; upper prong long, lower prong shortened, arranged in ~90° in T. taochata ) ( figs 13 c–17c).

Identification based on female genitalia is difficult: corpus bursae pyriform; posterior part strongly sclerotized, with longitudinal folds, funnel-shaped (similar in T. lecerfi sp. n., T. sabaudiata and T. taochata ; ‘guitar-shaped’, posterior part of corpus bursae tubular, heavily sclerotized with few longitudinal folds; anterior part membranous, in T. dubitata ) ( figs 46–52 ).

Biology. Unknown.

Habitat. Some specimens were collected at altitudes of 1560–2500 m.

Distribution. So far only known from Iran (several populations in the north and in the south to south-eastern Iran) (see map).

DNA barcoding. Clusters with T. taochata , genetic distance rather small (1.7%) ( tab. 2). However, these species show clear diagnostic characters in morphology (see figs 13-17 ). Diverging by more than 2% from T. sabaudiata (2.2%) and T. lecerfi sp. n. (3.3%) ( tab. 2).

Etymology. The name of the new species is dedicated in great thankfulness to Silvia Wanke (1954–2007), Beutelsbach, Germany, to make her remembered forever.

Figures

FIGURES 13–17. Diagnostic characters of the genitalia of Triphosa species (ventral view). 13: Triphosa dubitata; 14: Triphosa silviae sp. n.; 15: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n.; 16: Triphosa sabaudiata; 17: Triphosa taochata; a = socii; b = labides; c = sacculus projections (unspread, in natural position).

FIGURES 20–37. Wing pattern. 20: Philereme transversata (Germany, Augsburg, 12.vii.1970; SMNS); 21: Pareulype berberata (Germany, Mannheim, 13.vii.1933; SMNS); 22: Triphosa dubitata (Georgia, Borjomi, 22.vii.2006, g. prep. 0016/ 2018 D. Wanke); 23-24: Triphosa silviae sp. n. (23: holotype, Iran, Fars, v.1937, g. prep. 0059/2018 D. Wanke; 24: paratype, Iran, Fars, Tange Surkh, g. prep. 755/2009 H. Rajaei); 25-26: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n. (25: holotype, Alai, Dugoba, 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0042/2018 D. Wanke; 26: paratype, Alai, Dugoba, 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0041/2018 D. Wanke); 27: holotype of Triphosa agnata syn. n. of Triphosa sabaudiata (Turkey, Cesarée, g. prep. 223); 28-30: Triphosa sabaudiata (28: Germany, Herrlingen, Tiefental; 29: Germany, Gempen, i.1959, g. prep. 0052/2018 D. Wanke; 30: Gempen, 25.vii.1955, g. prep 0005/ 2018 D. Wanke); 31-32: female ‘syntypes’ of Triphosa taochata (31: lectotype here designated, Azerbaijan, Hankynda; 32: paralectotype, Georgia, Achalziche); 33-34: Triphosa taochata (both Iran, Elburs, Damavand, 11.vii.1972; 33: g. prep 0012/ 2018 D. Wanke; 34: g. prep 0011/2018 D. Wanke); 35: Rheumaptera hastata (Germany, Federseemoor, 30.v.1967); 36: Hydria cervinalis (Germany, Heidelberg, 29.iii.1974, g. prep. 0051/2018 D. Wanke); 37: lectotype of Hydria ravulata (Issyk-kul, g. prep. 0048/2018 D. Wanke). a = upperside; b = underside.

FIGURES 38–40. Male genitalia. 38: Triphosa dubitata (Georgia, Borjomi, 22.vii.2006, g. prep. 0016/2018 D. Wanke); 39: Triphosa silviae sp. n. (Khorasan, Kopedagh-Allahakbar, 16.vi.1974, g. prep. 0008/2018 D. Wanke); 40: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n. (Kirghizia, Alay range, Dugoba riv., 15.vii.1995, g. prep. 0039/2018 D). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus.

FIGURES 46–49. Female genitalia. 46: Triphosa dubitata (Italy, Trafoi, 15.vi.1927, g. prep. 0013/2018 D. Wanke); 47: Triphosa silviae sp. n. (Iran, Kohkiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad, 24.v.2009, g. prep 0009/2018 D. Wanke); 48: Triphosa lecerfi sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan, Alai, Dugoba riv., 27.vii.1993, g. prep. 0041/2018 D. Wanke); 49: Triphosa sabaudiata (Switzerland, Preda, g. prep 0001/2018 D. Wanke). a = ventral view; b = lateral view.