Simulium damnosum, Theobald, 1903
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https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13071-021-05072-y |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11074736 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0826879A-2C21-517F-0BE7-FB850802E2C0 |
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Felipe |
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Simulium damnosum |
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Identification of S. damnosum View in CoL complex
Morphological and cytotaxonomic identification of S. damnosum complex larvae revealed the presence of S. squamosum s.l. and S. mengense ( Figs. 3 View Fig , 4 View Fig ), both of which have previously been reported from the area [ 11]. However, S. squamosum did not conform to descriptions of the cytotypes A, B, C, or D, known from Cameroon [ 4, 5, 7]. All specimens analysed from Nyamongo I (n = 39) and Bayomen (n = 10) contained homozygous inversions 1S-1 and 1L-3, which are generally fixed in the S. squamosum subcomplex ( Fig. 4a View Fig ) [ 32]. They also possessed a new 1L inversion from sections p34 to p39 which was homozygous and fixed within the population, and which we designate 1L-57. In addition, 16/ 17 male specimens from Nyamongo I and 3/ 3 male specimens from Bayomen possessed a sex-linked band dimorphism (3C-Sp) and a heterozygous inversion (3L/82) near the centromere of chromosome 3 ( Fig. 4b View Fig ). This was absent in all 29 females collected from both sites. The involvement of 3C in sex determination among S. squamosum is diagnostic for S. squamosum E (= type III) [ 32, 33]. Since only a small number of specimens were examined from a narrow geographic range, we propose the name S. squamosum E2 for this variant possessing inversion 1L-57.
An additional five larval specimens collected at Bayomen were identified as S. mengense based on the 1CER expanded centromere of chromosome 1 ( Fig. 4c View Fig ) and tufts of hair-like scales on the anterior dorsum of the larval thorax ( Fig. 3b View Fig ) [ 10, 15, 44]. Adult S. mengense have hairs on the subcostal wing vein [ 10, 44], but no adult flies examined from collections made between July 2016 and January 2017 (Bayomen n = 254, Nyamongo I n = 74, and Ondouano n = 77) possessed this characteristic.
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