Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii ( Koerb .) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch; Fungal Diversity 78: 301 (2016) [2015].

Szczepanska, Katarzyna, Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela, Urbaniak, Jacek & Śliwa, Lucyna, 2019, Neotypification of Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii and molecular evidence of its occurrence in Poland and South America, MycoKeys 57, pp. 31-46 : 31

Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii ( Koerb.) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch; Fungal Diversity 78: 301 (2016) [2015]. Figs 2 a–b

Basionym.

Placodium garovaglii Körb., Parerga Lichenol. (Breslau) 1:54 (1859) ≡ Squamaria garovaglii ( Körb.) Anzi, Cat. Lich. Sondr. 46 (1860) ≡ Lecanora garovaglii ( Körb.) Zahlbr., Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15:208 (1900) ≡ Placolecanora garovaglii ( Körb.) Räsänen, Hedwigia 81:230 (1944).

Type.

Hungary. Szent-György-hegy Mt, 'Ad saxa basaltica montis “Szentgyörgyhegy” prope pagum Kisapáti, comit. Zala. Altit. ca. 400 m. s. m. Mens. Jun. 1920, G. Timkó’ [Flora Hungarici exsiccata 617, as Lecanora garovaglii ] (neotype: WRSL-5777, designated here).

Description.

Thallus lichenised, placodioid, thick, usually distinctly circular, up to 12 cm diam., not very closely attached to the substrate, prothallus not present. Marginal lobes elongated, distinctly convex, swollen, sinuous, smooth 0.4-1.8 mm wide and 3-10 mm long, broadened and rounded at the ends ( Figs 2 c–d ). Thallus centre more or less areolate. Areoles convex, irregular, overlapping, 0.25-1.0 mm diam. Upper surface mat, pale yellowish-green to greyish-green, tending to be darker in the central part of the thallus, sometimes shining and darker also at the edges of the marginal lobes. Lower surface pale brown. Medulla white, in older lobes distinctly hollow in the middle part. Apothecia sessile to constricted at base, dispersed to clustered towards thallus centre, 0.5-2.0 mm diam., circular, older angular, proper margin persistent, paler or concolorous with thallus, matte, slightly radially cracked, flexuose in older and disappearing in mature apothecia. Disc pale brown to yellowish-brown, becoming darker in the centre of thallus, epruinose, flat. Hymenium colourless, 50-60 μm high, hypothecium colourless, epihymenium orange-brown with small granules soluble in K and insoluble in N. Asci clavate, eight-spored. Paraphyses simple or weakly branched with swollen apices. Ascospores hyaline, simple, ellipsoid to oblong-elipsoid, 10-12 × 6-7 μm. Pycnidia not seen.

Chemistry.

thallus K+ pale yellow, C–, KC+ yellow, P–; medulla K+ pale yellow, C–, KC+ yellow, P–. Secondary metabolites detected by TLC: ± isousnic, +usnic and ± placodiolic acids (cortex); +zeorin and ± unidentified terpenoides (medulla).

Distribution.

the species is widely distributed in the world. It occurs in Europe, Asia, Africa (Morocco; Egea 1996), North America (Canada; Freebury 2014 and USA; Ryan et al. 2004) and South America ( Feuerer et al. 1998; Feuerer and Sipman 2005). In Asia, it has been noted in Afghanistan ( Poelt and Wirth 1968), India ( Upreti and Chatterjee 1998; Singh and Sinha 2010), Iran ( Sohrabi et al. 2010), Mongolia ( Schubert and Klement 1971), Pakistan ( Poelt 1961), Russia ( Vondráková and Vondrák 2015), Tajikistan ( Kudratov and Mayrhofer 2002) and Turkey ( Halici and Candan 2007). In Europe, its records are derived so far from Armenia ( Gasparyan et al. 2016), Austria ( Hafellner and Türk 2001), the Czech Republic ( Vězda and Liška 1999), Germany ( Wirth 1995), Greece ( Grube et al. 2001), Italy ( Nimis 2016), Netherlands ( Aptroot 2011), Portugal and Spain ( Llimona and Hladun 2001), as well as Ukraine ( Kondratyuk et al. 1996). Here, the species is reported for the first time from Poland.

Ecology.

Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii is widespread, occurring mostly in dry and warm Mediterranean to mountain areas, foothills and submontane sites ( Ryan et al. 2004). It prefers slightly calcareous or basic silicate rocks (limestone, basalt, rhyolite, schist, pumice, volcanic ash, sandstone) and usually occupies sunny habitats, especially steep surfaces ( Wirth 1995; Ryan et al. 2004). However, it is noteworthy that, on its northernmost locality in the Netherlands, the species was recorded on a tombstone ( Aptroot 2011). In Poland, it was found in mountain areas with outcrops of basalt rocks in the form of a volcanic chimney, surrounded by granite casing. It occupied a lit, warm and dry place on the horizontal surface of the basalt rock with a southern exposure and was accompanied by other lichens such as Acarospora fuscata , Candelariella coralliza , Protoparmeliopsis muralis , Lecanora rupicola and Rhizocarpon geographicum . During the present study in Bolivia and Peru, P. garovaglii was recorded in high Andean open-vegetative regions and in open semi-desert montane areas.

Exiccates examined.

Pišut, Lichenes Slovakiae exsiccati 36, as Lecanora garovaglii (KRAM); Suza, Lichenes Bohemoslovakiae exiccati 233, as Lecanora garovaglii (KRAM); Weber, Lichenes exsiccati 118, as Lecanora garovaglii (KRAM).

Specimens examined.

Poland. Przedgórze Sudeckie foreland: Wzgórza Strzegomskie hills, Góra Świętego Jerzego Mt, 50°58'25"N, 16°20'10"E, on basalt rocks, 354 m alt., 4 Oct. 2013, K. Szczepańska 1240 (WRSL). Bolivia. Dept. La Paz, Prov. Bautista Saavedra: Anmin Apolobamba, near Taypi Cañuma village, 15°03'20"S, 69°09'07"W, 4506 m alt., 5 July 2010, A.Flakus 17529 & P.Rodriguez-Flakus (KRAM, LPB); on the road from Apolo to Charazani villages (162 km), la Cruz Charazani-Pelechuco, 15°15'00"S, 69°02'51"W, 4545 m alt., 19 May 2011, A.Flakus 21118, 21175, 21176 & O.Plata (KRAM, LPB). Peru. Cañon del Colca, Dept. Arequipa, Prov. Caylloma: near Cabanaconde village, 15°37'56"S, 71°57'49"W, 3462 m alt., 4 July 2006, A.Flakus 9540 (KRAM); ibid. 15°38'18"S, 71°57'43"W, 3480 m alt., 5 July 2006, A.Flakus 9603 (KRAM).

Additional specimens examined.

Austria. Lower Austria: sunny slate rocks near Krems on the Danube River, 250 m alt., 3 Jan. 1897, Baumgarten (L). USA. Arizona. Coconino Co.: Grand Canyon National Forest, top of Hermit Trail, pinyon-juniper woodland, on limestone, 1950 m alt., 11 July 1994, T.H.Nash III 35474 (ASU); ibid., South Kaibab Trail, on sandstone, 1950 m alt., 29 June 1991, M.Boykin 2053 (ASU); Greenlee Co.: Apache National Forest, Juan Miller Canyon camp-ground, along the Blue River, ponderosa pine forest with riparian sp., on acid rock, 1740 m alt., 6 June 1998, T.H.Nash III 41809 (ASU); Maricopa Co.: Crater Range, along AZ 85, 42 km S of Gila Bend Sonoran Desert, on granite, 425 m alt., 27 Feb. 1998, T.H.Nash III 40608 (ASU); Santa Cruz Co.: Coronado National Forest, hillsides to S of Pena Blanca Lake (ca. 15 km WNW of Nogales) and just S of Ruby-Nogales Rd., oak woodland steep slope with rhyolite, on rhyolite, 1200 m alt., 2 June 1998, T.H.Nash III 41656 (ASU). Idaho. Twin Falls Co.: E side of U.S. Hwy 30, 6.8 km S of Bills, on basalt, 915 m alt., 11 Sept. 1998, B.D.Ryan 32953 (ASU). Nevada. Churchill Co.: US Hwy 50, N end of Desatoga Mountains, 84 m E of Fallon, 1830 m alt., July 1984, B.D.Ryan 11554 (MIN). North Dakota. Billings Co.: Theodore Rooselvelt Nat. Park, S. Unit One mile S of Paddock Creek along park road, on ridge E of road on scoria rock, 2500 ft. alt., 25 July 1982, C.Wetmore 45128 (MIN). Montana. Park Co.: Yellowstone National Park, Grazing enclosure 1 mile W of Gardiner at northern edge of park, open grassland on knoll with sagebrush and rock outcrop, 5300 ft. alt., 21 July 1998, C.Wetmore 80972 (MIN).

Figures

Figure 2. a, b Neotype for Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii designated in WRSL herbarium c, d Thallus of Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii in natural habitat. Scales: 2 cm (a); 4 cm (c); 2 cm (d).