Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn, 1916

Lucinda, Paulo H. F., 2005, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (3), pp. 373-382 : 375-377

Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn

Figs. 3-4 ; Tables 1-2

Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn, 1916: 121 , Pl. 20, figs. 2-3. Type locality: Alagoinhas, rio Catu , Bahia.

Type material. Holotype: FMNH 55876 [ex CM 4665 ] . Paratypes: FMNH 55877 [ex-CM 4666] (4) .

Diagnosis. Phalloptychus eigenmanni can be distinguished from its congeners by the number of pelvic-fin rays in females (6 vs. 5, respectively), by the number of predorsal scales (13 vs. 10-12, respectively), and the longer predorsal distance in females (64.0-68.6 vs. 55.4-62.2 % SL, respectively).

Description. Morphometric data in Tables 1-2. Range of SL: 21.8 to 22.8 mm (females), 15.7 mm (immature male). Body compressed; width in predorsal region uniform, and about half body depth. Postdorsal region compressed towards caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of snout slightly concave. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Predorsal profile convex. Dorsal-fin base oblique. Postdorsal profile slightly convex. Pre-anal profile convex. Anal-fin base oblique; postanal profile almost straight. Dorsal fin located posterior to mid-body. Origin of dorsal fin in females approximately aligned with anal-fin end; in male (juvenile), origin of dorsal fin posterior to vertical passing through origin of anal fin. Pectoral fin with high insertion. Base of dorsalmost pectoral-fin ray closer to dorsal than to ventral profile. Pelvic fin small, surpassing origin of gonopodium in male; not reaching origin of anal fin in females. Origin of anal fin of male closer to snout tip than to caudal peduncle. Mouth superior, approximately aligned with base of dorsalmost pectoral-fin ray.

Dorsal-fin rays: 8 [1], 9 [1]. Pectoral-fin rays: 11 [1], 12 [1]. Pelvic-fin rays: 4 [1] (males), 6 [3] (females).Anal-fin rays (females): 10 [2]. Gonopodial rays: 8 [1]. Caudal-fin rays: 22 [1], 23 [1], 24 [1]. Predorsal scales: 13 [2], 14 [1]. Longitudinal series scales: 24 [3]. Scales around caudal peduncle: 16 [3]. Scales in transverse row: 7 [3 + 1 counted on holotype photograph].

Preorbital ramus of cephalic sensory system represented by two grooved neuromasts. Preorbital canal absent. Anterior portion of supraorbital ramus (pores 1 and 2a) parallel to upper lip with two inconspicuous neuromasts on each side. Posterior portion of supraorbital ramus (pores 2b, 3, 4a) composed of two grooved neuromasts. Posterior remnants of infra-orbital ramus represented by two neuromasts (pores 4b, 5, 6a) and by one canal open at both ends (pores 6b and 7). Ventral infra-orbital line neuromasts not visible due to poor condition of material. Preopercular ramus represented by large canal along preopercular border and opened by two pores, and followed by two grooved neuromasts. Neuromasts on mandibular ramus not visible due to poor condition of material.

Color in alcohol. Description based on three female paratypes faintly colored. Eye light metallic-grey with white pupil. Ground color cream. Anus margin and genital papilla whitish yellow. Light yellow line along predorsal surface. Fins pale yellow. Belly and preventral area silvery yellow. Five to seven narrow brown bars along flanks.

Common names. Barrigudinho, guaru.

Ecology. Phalloptychus eigenmanni is included in the list of endangered fish species in Brazil (Rosa & Menezes, 1996; MMA, 2004). Various collecting efforts have revealed unfruitful, even in the type locality. Phalloptychus eigenmanni is seriously endangered, probably extinct (Rosa & Menezes, 1996) .

Distribution. Phalloptychus eigenmanni is solely known from the type locality ( Fig. 1 ).

Remarks. Originally, Henn cited ten paratypes of P. eigenmanni . In 1956, Donn E. Rosen borrowed several lots from FMNH (loan #Z-7445), including three paratypes of P. eigenmanni and possibly never returned them, although his loan was closed in 1970. Since then they have been considered missing in the FMNH. There is correspondence to FMNH (between Loren P. Woods and Donn E. Rosen) that suggests they might have remained at AMNH (with Woods’ permission) and that Rosen might have turned them into skeleton preps (M. A. Rogers, pers. comm.). Although neither the original invoice nor the correspondence seem to indicate clearly that these are paratypes, they might be the specimens now housed in theAmerican Museum of Natural History and catalogued as “ Phalloptychus eigenmanni Henn , paratypes 3 spec. (1 missing),AMNH 22657 (FMNH 55877) from rio Catu,Alagoinhas” (B. Brown, pers. comm.). Collection data, number of specimens, number of male and female specimens of lots FMNH 55877 andAMNH 22657 suggest that they represent the original paratypic series of Henn. John D. Haseman collected both lots FMNH 55877 and AMNH 22657 in March 4 th, 1908. Following Haseman’s itinerary during his expedition in South America ( Eigenmann, 1911) it is evident that he has only collected in rio Catu, Alagoinhas at that date. Then, the aforementioned evidence leads to the conclusion that the three specimens of lot AMNH 22657 are actually the missing paratypes of P. eigenmanni from FMNH.

The sole mature male known from this species has been damaged during clearing and staining for the monograph of Rosen & Bailey (1963). This specimen is a male that is now housed in the American Museum of Natural History as AMNH 22657, from which only the head is still preserved. Since P. eigenmanni is probably extinct (Rosa & Menezes, 1996; MMA, 2004), the only information about its gonopodium is that given in Rosen & Bailey (1963: fig. 31E).

Examined material. Brazil. Bahia. FMNH 55877 (4). Paratypes. Alagoinhas, rio Catu , approx. 12 o 08’S 38 o 26’W. 4 Mar 1908. J. D. Haseman .

Phalloptychus iheringii + Phalloptychus januarius Clade 94, Lucinda & Reis, 2005

Diagnosis: Phalloptychus iheringii and P. januarius share the following not-uniquely derived feature: five pelvic-fin rays in females [44-1].

Figures

Fig. 3. Phalloptychus eigenmanni. FMNH 55877, rio Catu, Alagoinhas,Bahia,Brazil,paratype,immature male,15.8 mmSL.

Fig. 4. Phalloptychus eigenmanni. FMNH 55876, rio Catu, Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil, holotype, female, 22.8 mm SL.

Fig. 1. Coastal drainages from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and Uruguay showing distribution of Phalloptychus eigenmanni (triangle), P. januarius (squares), and P. iheringii (circles). Each symbol may represent more than one lot and/ or locality. T = type locality.