Breviphysoderes vestita ( Horváth, 1900 ) Hwang & Weirauch, 2017

Hwang, Wei Song & Weirauch, Christiane, 2017, Uncovering hidden diversity: phylogeny and taxonomy of Physoderinae (Reduviidae, Heteroptera), with emphasis on Physoderes Westwood in the Oriental and Australasian regions, European Journal of Taxonomy 341, pp. 1-118 : 34-36

Breviphysoderes vestita ( Horváth, 1900) , comb. nov.

Figs 4–9 ; Appendix

Epirodera vestita Horváth, 1900: 639 .

Physoderes serraticollis Breddin, 1903: 125 . New synonymy.

Physoderes javanica Miller, 1940: 549 , fig. 91. New synonymy.

Physoderes rugosa Miller, 1954: 87 , fig.11. New synonymy.

Physoderes vestita – Maldonado 1990: 381.

Diagnosis

This species is recognized among species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov. by having the head and anterior pronotal lobe distinctly covered with dense, short, curved, setigerous tubercles, the scape surpassing the apex of the clypeus, males with the anterior pronotal lobe almost as wide as the posterior pronotal lobe, the apical veins of the external cell of the hemelytron (Cu+M) with distinct straw-colored marks, and the hemelytron surpassing the tip of the abdomen. This species most closely resembles B. fulvopicta gen. et sp. nov. but is differentiated by the wider anterior pronotal lobe in males and the length of the hemelytron (i.e., surpassing the tip of the abdomen).

Material examined

Holotype

INDONESIA: ♂, East Java, Tjibodas (Cibodas), 6.97527° S, 107.6625° E, 614 m, no date provided, R. Semon leg. ( UCR_ENT 00012260 ) ( HNHM).

Other material

INDONESIA: Java: 2 ♀♀, E Java, Nongkodjadjar (Nonkojajar), 7.91611° S, 112.8875° E, 846 m, 1911, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024050, UCR _ ENT 00014054) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, Buitenzorg (Bogor), 6.6875° S, 106.81472° E, 447 m, Mar. 1909, Bryant and Palmer leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00068910) ( AMNH); 1 ♂, Gunung Boerangrang (Burangrang), 6.775° S, 107.55555° E, 1600 m, Dec. 1936, F. C. Drescher leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024043) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, Gunung Malabar, 7.13° S, 107.65° E, 1600 m, Jun. 1936, F. C. Drescher leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024038) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, 7.61444° S, 110.71222° E, no date provided, Muller leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024049) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, unknown date, holotype of Physoderes javanica (junior synonym) ( UCR _ ENT 00018537) ( BMNH); 1 ♀, 7.61444° S, 110.71222° E, 1000 m, Dec. 1951, L. G. E. Kalshoven leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024040) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, Lembang, W Java, 6.82166° S, 107.63° E, 1259 m, 1921, L. G. E. Kalshoven leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024061) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, Megamedg Mountains, 6.61861° S, 106.84722° E, 1280 m, no date provided, Bryant and Palmer leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00068909) ( AMNH); 2 ♂♂, same collection data as preceding ( UCR _ ENT 00031427, UCR _ ENT 00031428) ( USNM); 1 ♀, Mt Patoeha, 7.16138° S, 107.39972° E, 1550 m, Mar. 1937, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024037) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, Tangkuban Perahu (Tangkoeban Prahoe) volcano, 4000–5000 ft, 6.76305° S, 107.59944° E, 1955 m, Nov. 1936, F. C. Drescher leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024042) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, same locality as preceding, Mar. 1937, F. C. Drescher leg. ( UCR _ ENT 00024036) ( RMNH); 6 ♀♀, same locality as preceding, Feb. 1937, F. C. Drescher ( UCR _ ENT 00024034, UCR _ ENT 00024035, UCR_ ENT 00024045– UCR _ ENT 00024048) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, W Java, Tjisaroea (Cisarua), 6.78916° S, 107.535° E, 1000 m, 11 Jan. 1931, collector unknown ( UCR _ ENT 00024041) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, 14 Dec. 1928, L. G. E. Kalshoven leg., holotype of Physoderes rugosa (junior synonym) ( UCR _ ENT 00023948) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, Jawa Barat (West Java), Pangalengan, 7.18988° S, 107.57993° E, 1219 m, 1893, H. Fruhstorfer leg., holotype of Physoderes serraticollis (junior synonym) ( UCR _ ENT 00040567) ( DEI); 1 ♂, unlabeled specimen ( UCR _ ENT 00024044) ( RMNH).

Redescription

Male

BODY LENGTH. Medium-large size, total length 10.02 mm, SD ± 0.24 (Appendix).

COLORATION ( Figs 4–5 , 7 ). Straw-colored to brown with dark brown patterns. Head brown. Scape of antenna straw-colored with light brown apex, pedicel straw-colored to light brown, basiflagellomere straw-colored with light brown apex, distiflagellomere straw-colored with light brown base. First segment of labium with basal half brown, apical half straw-colored, second segment straw-colored with base and apex brown, third segment brown. Pronotum dark brown with straw-colored setae, scutellum dark brown, pleuron straw-colored to dark brown, sternum brown to dark brown. Corium of hemelytron straw-colored, membrane brown with apical veins of external cell (Cu+ M) straw-colored, sometimes including medial vein apex. Femora straw-colored with medial and apical brown annulations, tibiae straw-colored with basal, medial and apical light brown annulations, tarsi and claws straw-colored. Abdomen dorsally yellowish-orange, ventrally light brown, medially with dark brown sub-lateral and posterior suffusion, anterior half of connexivum dark brown and posterior half straw-colored, exposed part of pygophore straw-colored.

VESTITURE. Densely setose. Head with widespread setigerous tubercles bearing long, semi-erect, spatulate, curved setae, ventral surface of postocular lobe with sparse, setigerous tubercles, with a pair of long, straight setae on postocular lobe posterior to ocelli. Anterior lobe of thorax with tuberculated, short, curved setae on lateral margins and along dorsal ridges, posterior lobe with short, curved, setigerous tubercles along lateral margins and sparsely distributed on dorsal surface. Corium of hemelytron with short, curved setae. Legs with two rows of spines and setigerous tubercles, tibiae with regular rows of tuberculated, stout, sharp setae. Posterior margin of connexivum with short, curved setae.

HEAD. Scape surpassing apex of clypeus; eye distinctly projecting in dorsal view, about 1/5 length of head, not attaining ventral margin of head in lateral view.

THORAX. Antero-lateral paired projections acute, diverging; surface of anterior lobe with raised ridges; median pronotal depression not contiguous with transverse sulcus; paramedian carina strongly defined; scutellar process long, with rounded apex; mesosternite with median irregular tuberculated protrusion between fore and mid coxae.

HEMELYTRON. Surpassing tip of abdomen.

LEGS. Same as genus description.

ABDOMEN. Elongate ovoid, with rounded terminal margin; connexival margin slightly undulating, posterior margin slightly elevated.

GENITALIA. Anterior margin of mediosternite 8 sharply emarginate, with medial apodeme; apex of dorsal phallothecal sclerite rounded, with narrow, lateral, band-like prolongations, oriented diagonally and angularly curved along lateral margins of phallosoma towards basal plate.

Female

Similar to males except in having a narrower anterior pronotal lobe.

Ecology

Nothing is known about the biology of this species except that specimens have been collected from mid to high altitudes ranging from 447 m to 1955 m with most specimens collected from elevations higher than 1200 m.

Distribution

This species is exclusively found on the island of Java (the locality for one of the examined specimens is unknown).

Remarks

Originally described as Epirodera vestita ( Horváth, 1900) , this species is transferred to Breviphysoderes gen. nov. based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted above. It is most similar to B. mjoebergi ( Miller, 1940) comb. nov., and both species co-occur on the island of Java. Physoderes serraticollis Breddin, 1903 , P. javanica Miller, 1940 and P. rugosa Miller, 1954 are here synonymized with B. vestita comb. nov. based on the examination of all type specimens. No diagnostic morphological characters can be found to separate these species, except that the holotype of P. javanica , which is a female, has a narrower anterior pronotal lobe. Nevertheless, this specimen possesses the raised anterior pronotal ridges with setigerous tubercles, the completely dark brown anterior pronotal lobe, the straw-colored apical veins of the external cell of the hemelytron and the rounded abdominal margin that are diagnostic for B. vestita comb. nov. The holotypes of both P. rugosa and P. serraticollis are males and share the broad anterior pronotal widths of B. vestita , which has raised ridges and dense, tuberculated, curved setae, as well as the remaining diagnostic characters. Both were also collected from Java.

Figures

Fig. 4. Dorsal habitus images for species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov. For an explanation of the colored arrows, see key on page 17. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 5. Ventral habitus images for species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 6. Distribution map for species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov.

Fig. 7. Dorsal habitus images for junior synonym holotypes of species in Breviphysoderes gen. nov. and Macrophysoderes gen. nov. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 8. Dorsal view of the male pygophore in species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov., Macrophysoderes gen. nov., Paraphysoderes Villiers, 1962 and Physoderes Westwood, 1845. For an explanation of the colored arrows, see keys on pages 37 and 66.

Fig. 9. Dorsal view of the phallus in species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov., Macrophysoderes gen. nov., Paraphysoderes Villiers, 1962 and Physoderes Westwood, 1845 (partial). Scale bars = 0.20 mm.