Physoderes notata Westwood, 1845

Hwang, Wei Song & Weirauch, Christiane, 2017, Uncovering hidden diversity: phylogeny and taxonomy of Physoderinae (Reduviidae, Heteroptera), with emphasis on Physoderes Westwood in the Oriental and Australasian regions, European Journal of Taxonomy 341, pp. 1-118 : 97-100

Physoderes notata Westwood, 1845

Figs 8 , 13 , 15–16 , 19 ; Appendix

Physoderes notata Westwood, 1845: 68 .

Physoderes brunneus Breddin, 1903: 127 . New synonymy.

Physoderes buruensis Miller, 1954: 85 , fig. 9. New synonymy,

Physoderes corporaali Miller, 1954: 88 , fig. 12. New synonymy.

Physoderes flavipennis Miller, 1940: 556 , fig. 92. New synonymy.

Epirodera notata – Westwood 1847: 248, pl. 18, fig. 5 (unsanctioned name change).

Physoderes notata – Miller 1954: 82, fig. 8.

Diagnosis

This species is recognized among congeners by the short head, the scape shorter than the apex of the clypeus, the parascutellar lobe being rounded and skewed towards the median, the anterior pronotal lobe wider than the posterior lobe (males only), the median pronotal depression not contiguous with the transverse sulcus (males), the hemelytron reaching the tip of the abdomen, the hind wings being bright yellow and sometimes apically brown, the cup-like sclerite with rounded apex and adjacent paired protuberances, and the plate-like prolongations of the phallosoma with subacute apex and sharp lateral extensions. This species is similar to P. tricolor sp. nov. but can be differentiated from it based on the head and pronotal color patterns, hemelytron color, cup-like sclerite shape and the shape of the prolongations of the phallosoma.

Material examined

Holotype INDONESIA: ♂, Java: 7.61444° S, 110.71222° E, no date provided, unknown collector ( UCR_ENT 00018526 ) ( BMNH).

Other material

INDONESIA: Java, East Java: 1 ♂, Blawan, 7.98805° S, 114.17138° E, no date provided, H. Lucht leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024058) ( RMNH); 4 ♀♀, Lawang, 7.77972° S, 112.50611° E, 1496 m, 1907, M. Buysman leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024051– UCR _ENT 00024054) ( RMNH); 3 ♀♀, Mount Tengger, 7.98857° S, 112.9166° E, 1219 m, no date provided, H. Fruhstorfer leg., syntypes of Physoderes brunneus (junior synonym) ( UCR _ENT 00040569– UCR _ENT 00040571) ( DEI); 1 ♂, same collection data as preceding, syntype of Physoderes brunneus (junior synonym) ( UCR _ENT 00040572) ( DEI); 1 ♀, same collection data as preceding but 1890, syntype of Physoderes brunneus (junior synonym) ( UCR _ENT 00040568) ( DEI); 1 ♀, Nongkodjadjar (Nonkojajar), 7.91611° S, 112.8875° E, 846 m, 1911, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024055) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, same collection data as preceding ( UCR _ENT 00024056) ( RMNH). – Java, Central Java: 1 ♂, Moeria Mts, Tjolo (Muria Mts), 6.61666° S, 110.9575° E, 800 m, 20–24 Oct. 1939, M.A. Lieftinck leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024060) ( RMNH). – Java, West Java: 1 ♂, Preanger, Pelaburan (Pelabuhan), Jul. 1918 (unclear), J.B. Corporaal leg., holotype of Physoderes corporaali (junior synonym), MacGillavry Collection ( ZMA.INS.834306) ( ZMAN). – Maluku: 1 ♂, Buru Island, station 9, 1–19 Jul. 1921, L.J. Toxopeus leg., holotype of Physoderes buruensis (junior synonym), MacGillavry Collection ( ZMA.INS.787862) ( ZMAN). – Sulawesi, Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi): 1 ♀, Dumoga Bone National Park, Barney’s Tree, 0.44972° N, 123.93305° E, 300 m, 13–22 Nov. 1985, J. Krikken leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024064) ( RMNH); 3 ♀♀, Manado, 1.46361° N, 124.31055° E, Jun.–Oct. 1926, unknown collector ( UCR _ENT 00046623, UCR _ENT 00046648, UCR _ENT 00046649) ( CAS); 1 ♂, Minahasa, 1° N, 124.58333° E, 550 m, 28 Jul. 1941, F. Dupont leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024062) ( RMNH). – Sumatra, Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra): 3 ♀♀, Baso, 0.27° N, 100.46333° E, 800 m, Mar. 1926, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024021– UCR _ENT 00024023); 1 ♂, same collection data as preceding ( UCR _ENT 00024057) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, Fort de Kock, 0.26694° N, 100.38333° E, 920 m, 1926, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024020) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, Fort de Kock (Bukittinggi), 0.26768° S, 100.38394° E, Nov. 1913, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024019) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, same collection data as preceding but Oct. 1913 ( UCR _ENT 00014056) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, Gunning Singgalang, 0.39° N, 100.33083° E, 1200 m, 1925, E. Jacobson leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024026) ( RMNH). – Sumatra, Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra): 1 ♀, SW Lampong District, Mt Tanggamoes, 5.41666° S, 104.7° E, 700 m, Dec. 1939, M.A. Lieftinck leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024025) ( RMNH); 1 ♀, same collection data as preceding but at 500 m ( UCR _ENT 00024024) ( RMNH). – Sumatra, Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra): 1 ♂, Nias Island, Goenoeng Sitoli, 1.12527° N, 97.52472° E, 227 m, no date provided, Kleiweg de Zwaan leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024027) ( RMNH); 1 ♂, Padang Sidempuan, 1.3725° N, 99.25527° E, 332 m, no date provided, J.D. Pasteur leg. ( UCR _ENT 00024059) ( RMNH).

MALAYSIA: Selangor: 1 ♀, Kepong, in forest, 3.2325° N, 101.6275° E, Aug. 1949, collector unknown ( UCR _ENT 00031389) ( USNM). – Perak: 1 ♀, Jor Camp, 4.89972° N, 100.79055° E, 610 m, 21 Aug. 1922, E. Seimund leg., holotype of Physoderes flavipennis (junior synonym) ( UCR _ENT 00018519) ( BMNH).

Redescription

Male BODY LENGTH. Medium-large, total length 9.94 mm, SD ± 0.3 (Appendix).

COLORATION ( Figs 15–16 ). Straw-colored and brown. Anteocular lobe of head straw-colored with brown suffusion, postocular lobe brown. Antenna straw-colored with brown suffusion. First segment of labium light brown to brown, second segment straw-colored, third segment brown. Pronotum of thorax dark brown with straw-colored markings along ridges, scutellum basally dark brown, apically straw-colored, pleuron straw-colored with brown and dark brown patterns, sternum dark brown. Corium of hemelytron light brown to brown, membrane dark brown. Femur of legs straw-colored with subbasal and apical brown annulations, tibia brown with straw-colored base, tarsus and claw straw-colored. Abdomen dorsally yellow, ventrally straw-colored with sub-lateral dark brown patterns, anterior half of connexivum dark brown, posterior half straw-colored, exposed part of pygophore straw-colored.

VESTITURE. Sparsely setose. Head with some curved setae and short, fine, adpressed setae, ventral surface of postocular lobe with sparse, setigerous tubercles, with pair of long, straight setae on postocular lobe posterior to ocelli. Anterior lobe of thorax with irregular row of tuberculated, short, curved setae on lateral margins and short, setigerous tubercles dispersed on dorsal surface, posterior lobe with only short, sparse setae. Corium of hemelytron with short, curved setae. Legs with two rows of spines and setigerous tubercles, tibia with regular rows of tuberculated, stout, sharp setae. Connexival margin of abdomen with no prominent setae.

HEAD. Elongate conical; maxillary plate rounded apically; scape not reaching apex of clypeus; eye hemispherical in dorsal view, less than 1/5 length of head.

THORAX. Antero-lateral paired projections acute, diverging; surface of anterior lobe with low ridges; median pronotal depression not contiguous with transverse sulcus; paramedian carina weakly defined; anterior pronotal lobe equal in length to and wider than posterior lobe, higher than posterior lobe in lateral view; parascutellar lobe rounded, skewed towards median; scutellum rounded triangular, scutellar process long, apex subacute.

HEMELYTRON. Attaining tip of abdomen.

LEGS. Same as genus description.

ABDOMEN. Connexival margin slightly undulating, posterior margin not elevated.

GENITALIA. Anterior margin of mediosternite 8 sharply emarginate, without medial apodeme; transverse bridge of pygophore broad, margin of anterior opening angular, apodeme present, apical margin of posterior opening smooth; cup-like sclerite apically rounded with adjacent paired round protuberances; arms of basal plate parallel to each other; ductifer membranous; endosomal struts with tapered apex and divided into two arms basally; shape of dorsal phallothecal sclerite subacute with lateral broad, platelike prolongations, broad plate with a subacute apex and sharp lateral extensions.

Female

Females have a narrower anterior pronotal lobe with median pronotal depression contiguous with transverse sulcus and anterior lobe lower than the posterior lobe.

Ecology

Not much is recorded about the biology of this species. One specimen was collected from under sheaths of bamboo ( Poaceae ), another one was collected from multi-storey evergreen forest using ‘canopy trap fish’. This species has been collected from a range of mid-level elevations from 227 to 1496 m.

Distribution

This species is relatively widespread and can be found on peninsular Malaysia and the islands of Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi.

Remarks

Examination of the holotype of P. flavipennis and the syntypes of P. brunneus indicate that both represent females of P. notata that have the narrower anterior pronotal lobe. Similarly, the holotype of P. corporaali shares the same diagnostic characters and color patterns on the head and pronotum with P. notata . Although the holotype of P. buruensis has a darker pronotum, all other characters are consistent with those of P. notata . The difference in pronotal coloration is hence regarded here as a color variant of the species, possibly unique to the Buru island population. All four species are hereby synonymized under P. notata .

Figures

Fig. 8. Dorsal view of the male pygophore in species of Breviphysoderes gen. nov., Macrophysoderes gen. nov., Paraphysoderes Villiers, 1962 and Physoderes Westwood, 1845. For an explanation of the colored arrows, see keys on pages 37 and 66.

Fig. 13. Distribution map for species of Nanophysoderes gen. nov., Paraphysoderes Villiers, 1962 and Physoderes Westwood, 1845 (in part).

Fig. 15. Dorsal habitus images for species of Physoderes Westwood, 1845 (partial). For an explanation of the colored arrows, see key on page 66. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 16. Dorsal habitus images for junior synonym holotypes of species in Physoderes Westwood, 1845 (except P. minor = paratype). Scale bars = 2 mm.

Fig. 19. Dorsal view of the phallus in species of Physoderes Westwood, 1845 (partial).